盤點世界上的十大千年古城(上)

Cities with millennial history can offer you much more than just a beautiful architecture and unique artifacts. They bear the signs of previous epochs and civilizations. They display the development of mankind with both positive and negative sides. These cities are full of amazing stories and legends and they are the biggest lure for seasoned explorers.

擁有千年歷史的城市能帶給你的不僅是視覺上的盛宴——美麗的建築物和獨特的手工藝品。它們承載着先前文明紀元的印記；它們揭露了人類發展史上或進步或落後的進程。這些城市經久流傳着道不完的瑰麗傳說，吸引着一批又一批遊人。

ang, China

10.中國，洛陽

While most old cities are located in the Mediterranean, Luoyang stands out as the oldest continually inhabited city in Asia. The city is also considered to be geographical center of China and the cradle of Chinese culture and history. There is no other city in China that has lived out so many dynasties and emperors like Luoyang. The city has been inhabited for more than 4,000 years and nowadays it is populated by nearly 7,000,000 people.

雖然大多數古城位於地中海附近，但是洛陽是整個亞洲人類居住史最長的城市。地理上看，洛陽處於中國領土的中心，是中國文化與歷史的濫觴。還沒有哪個中國城市能如洛陽一樣在朝代更替間挺立依然。一代又一代的人在洛陽生息繁衍，四千年已過，目前的洛陽城依舊是700萬人的家鄉。

With such a long and exciting history, Luoyang has really a lot to offer. The Longmen Grottoes, which was included to the list of World Heritage Sites in 2000, and numerous historic Buddhist temples are real attractions for tourists from all over the world. Luoyang is also famed for the White Horse Temple, the first temple established in China.

洛陽悠久弘厚的歷史底蘊不僅賦予了它豐富的城市內涵，還有數不清的歷史遺蹟。2000年被列入世界遺產的龍門石窟，以及其他衆多的古寺廟吸引了世界衆多遊人。中國史上第一間落成的佛寺，白馬寺也是遊人趨之若鶩的洛陽景點。

div, Bulgaria

9.保加利亞，普羅夫迪夫

Plovdiv's history goes back to the 4,000 BC, which is proved by many Neolithic excavations. Over the centuries Plovdiv has been ruled by many empires, though originally it was a Thracian city. Later it was conquered by the Romans. In the Middle Ages Plovdiv was an alluring territory for the Bulgarian, Byzantine, and the Ottoman Empires. Only in 1885 the city became the part of Bulgaria. Nowadays it's the second largest city in Bulgaria and it's a significant economic, educational and cultural center.

普羅夫迪夫的歷史可追溯到公元前4000年，而這一時間也是被很多新石器時代的考古挖掘所證實了的。時光流轉，普羅夫迪夫的統治者也換了幾輪。原先城市的色雷斯人統治者不久後被羅馬人替代。中世紀時，這塊誘人的土地又相繼受到保加利亞、拜占庭和奧斯曼帝國的覬覦。直到1885年，普羅夫迪夫才正式歸保加利亞所有。如今，普羅夫迪夫已然成爲保加利亞第二大城市，是全國重要的經濟、教育和文化中心。

I have been obsessed with the city for years. Last summer I was lucky to spend a couple of days in this magnificent city and I just fell in love with its narrow paved streets, neat beautiful houses and marvelous ancient architecture! The Old Town is definitely worth seeing. It is overwhelmed with restaurants, workshops and museums that were previously famous houses. Archeological sites, museums, churches and temples are also must-see places in Plovdiv.

我對普羅夫迪夫神往已久。去年夏天我在這令人心馳神往的城市度過了幾天。這幾天，我深深沉醉於普羅夫迪夫城中窄小的巷道、精緻美麗的房屋和沉澱着悠長時光的古建築。普羅夫迪夫的老城區絕對值得一看。這裏多的是開在有名的建築裏的餐館、工作坊和博物館。同樣，普羅夫迪夫的考古遺址、教堂和廟宇也不容錯過。

po, Syria

8.敘利亞，阿勒波

The city of Aleppo is the largest in Syria as it is inhabited by more than 2 million residents. Aleppo has an incredibly advantageous geographical location; it is situated in the center of the Silk Road that connected Asia and the Mediterranean world. The territory of the city has been inhabited for more than 8,000 years but the archeological digs have found the evidence of habitation that dates back to nearly 13,000 years ago. At various epochs Aleppo was controlled by the Romans, Byzantines, Ottomans, as a result it has mixed architectural styles.

阿勒波是敘利亞最大的城市，居住人口多達200萬。阿勒波地理位置優越，它正好處在絲綢之路的中心，連接亞洲和地中海地區。阿勒波的人類聚居的歷史長達8000年，但考古發現卻顯示其人類聚居史可至13000年前。悠遠的時間長河裏，阿勒波曾相繼被羅馬人、拜占庭人和奧斯曼人所佔，因此，城中建築多見其三者混合風格。

The old city is overfilled with caravanserais, schools, hammams and churches of 13th and 14th centuries. The old city is also defined by narrow alleys and big estates; while the modern part of Aleppo is characterized by broad roads and large squares. The interesting fact is that the old city of Aleppo consists of cell-like segments, which are socially and economically independent. Aleppo had been subjected to permanent invasions and instability, and the residents were compelled to fortify the city. Aleppo is often called "the soul of Syria".

阿勒波城中隨處可見建於13、14世紀的旅館、學校、土耳其澡堂和教堂。古城以窄巷以及大的莊園爲主；而新城則建起了寬闊的街道和佔地面積廣大的廣場。有趣的是，阿勒波古城由一些社會和經濟上獨立的細小分區組成。阿勒波曾飽受侵略與動盪，居民們都不得不築防禦工事。人們常常稱阿勒波爲"敘利亞的靈魂"。

cho, Palestine

7.巴勒斯坦，耶利哥

Archeological digs have attested to the evidence of the human habitation dating back almost 11,000 years ago with at least 20 following settlements. But nowadays Jericho is a small town with the population of 20,000 people. In the Hebrew Bible it is called the City of Palm Trees.

考古發現耶利哥的人類聚居史可追溯到11000年前，已證實的定居點不下20個。而現在耶利哥卻只是一座人口僅20000的小城鎮。《希伯來聖經》中耶利哥被稱作棕櫚樹之城。

Jericho is located in the center of Palestine, which means it's an ideal place for routes and trade. Moreover, Jericho's natural beauty and resources became the cause of numerous invasions to an ancient Palestine. In the first century it was destroyed by the Romans, rebuilt by the Byzantines and destroyed again. Jericho had been deserted for centuries. Over the 20th century the territory of Jericho has been occupied by Jordan and Israel. In 1994 the territory became the part of Palestine. Jericho's most famous sites include Tell es-Sultan, Hisham's Palace and Shalom al Yisrael Synagogue Mosaic Floor.

耶利哥地處巴勒斯坦中心，優越的地理位置意味着耶利哥在物流商業方面有着極大的優勢。再者，耶利哥得天獨厚的自然風光與資源也成爲古巴勒斯坦數度被侵的原因。在1世紀時，這座古城幾近被羅馬人摧毀，但卻重建於拜占庭人之手，而後再遭毀滅。耶利哥也曾荒廢了幾個世紀。在20世紀時，耶利哥曾爲約旦和以色列瓜分。直至1994年才收歸巴勒斯坦。耶利哥城內有名的景點包括泰勒蘇丹、希沙姆王宮以及沙洛姆以色列猶太教會堂的馬賽克地板。

ula, Mexico

6.墨西哥，喬魯拉

Over 2,500 years ago the city of Cholula developed from numerous scattered villages and it had been a residence of various Latin-American cultures like the Olmecs, Toltecs, and the Aztecs. The name of the town means "place of flight" in Nahuatl and it was former called Acholollan. When the town was conquered by Spaniards, it began flourishing. Cortez once called Cholula "the most beautiful city outside Spain."

2500年前，喬魯拉由無數個分散小村莊發展成爲如今城市的模樣，不同的拉丁文化在此交匯：奧美克人、托爾特克人以及阿芝特剋人都曾在此定居。"喬魯拉"在納瓦特爾語中意爲"飛行之地"，它曾被稱作阿初洛蘭。只當喬魯拉被西班牙佔領之後，它纔開始興盛起來。西班牙探險家科爾特斯就曾稱讚喬魯拉爲"西班牙外最美麗的城市"。

Nowadays it's a small colonial town with the population of 60,000 residents. The most prominent attraction of the city is the Great Pyramid of Cholula with the sanctuary on the top, which is known to be the largest man-made monument ever. The pyramid of Cholula is highly underestimated. It consists of multiple tunnels and caves with the total length of 8 kilometers. However, only 800 meters of these tunnels are transformed into passages and open to the public.

喬魯拉現在是個人口只有6萬的殖民小鎮。喬魯拉最出名的是喬魯拉大金字塔，金字塔頂上還有一座聖殿。喬魯拉大金字塔是目前世界已知的最大的人工所造的紀念碑。然而這描述卻遠未能及其實。喬魯拉大金字塔內含數不清的隧道和洞穴，總長達到了8千米。然而目前對外開放的隧道長度卻僅有800米。

翻譯:敖-有沒 審校:煙囪 編輯:旭旭 來源：前十網