你所不知道的十大總統謀殺事件(上)

You know all about the successful assassinations of US presidents. In fact, you probably know too much about the conspiracy and conjecture surrounding John F. Kennedy's demise. You may even know about some attempted assassinations, but there have been many more credible attempts to claim the lives of the "leaders of the Free World" than you ever imagined.

你以爲自己瞭解所有的總統刺殺事件嗎？非也非也！你所瞭解的，恐怕只是肯尼迪刺殺案背後的各種陰謀與臆測吧。退一步講，你可能還知道一些不成功的總統刺殺事件，但在美國這片"自由王國"的土地上，實際的總統刺殺案的數量可能超乎我們想象。

F. Kennedy Was Almost Shot Weeks Before His Assassination

10.肯尼迪被害數週前曾遭刺殺

As we recently told you over at KnowledgeNuts, Richard Pavlick attempted to blow up President-elect John F. Kennedy in December 1960. Kennedy was lucky that Pavlick had a change of heart at the last second, but that was just the first attempt on his life. There were two other viable attempts before that fateful Dallas afternoon, and both took place, amazingly, in the same city on the same afternoon.

正如在《雜談》中提到的：1960年12月，時值肯尼迪當選總統，但還未就職，理查德·帕維利克就想炸死肯尼迪，不過值得慶幸的是，帕維利克在最後關頭改變了主意，但這僅僅是一個開始。早在達拉斯那個恐怖的黑色下午之前，肯尼迪已經兩次遇刺，巧的是這兩次遇刺都發生在同一個城市，同一天下午。

President Kennedy scheduled a trip to Chicago on November 2, 1963. The Windy City stop had a two-fold purpose—to hold a political meeting with the influential Mayor Richard Daley and watch the Army-Navy football game at Soldier Field. According to former Secret Serviceman Abraham Bolden, a group of four Cuban exiles, led by Homer Echevarria, plotted to assassinate Kennedy in Chicago. Echevarria and his team planned to fire automatic weapons at the Kennedy motorcade as it maneuvered around a turn at Jackson Street from what was then the Northwest Expressway. (It has since been renamed the Kennedy Expressway.)

1963年11月2日，肯尼迪動身前往芝加哥，風城（譯者注：芝加哥的別稱）之行有兩個目標：和芝加哥頗具影響力的理查德·達理市長會晤；前往體育館觀看海軍足球賽。據前情報人員亞伯拉罕·博爾登稱，刺殺肯尼迪總統的是4名古巴流竄犯，頭兒的名字叫做荷馬·埃切維里亞，他們打算在總統車隊在傑克遜大街轉彎時用自動武器襲擊，當時，傑克遜大街被稱爲"西北高速"，打那以後，這條街便被命名爲"肯尼迪高速"。

A local landlady reported to police on October 31 that four men in one of her rooms had automatic weapons. Surveillance trailed the men, and after a poor driving decision by a Secret Service agent, their cover was blown. Two of the four men were detained, but a search of the boarding room revealed no weapons, so the two were released—and never seen that crisis averted, the Secret Service immediately found another on their hands. At that very same intersection, a paranoid former Marine named Thomas Vallee was planning his own attempt. Vallee was a member of the far-right John Birch Society and had very strong negative opinions about Kennedy. Acting on a tip, the Secret Service observed that Vallee had high-powered weapons and 2,500 rounds of ammo at his hotel room. On November 2, the same day as Kennedy's scheduled appearance, police trailed Vallee as he headed toward the spot where Kennedy would make the slow turn on Jackson, and they pulled Vallee over when he failed to signal at a turn. A knife on the front seat and 750 rounds of ammo in the trunk were enough to detain Vallee.

10月31日，一名當地房東向警方透露，稱自己的房子內住着的4名年輕人持有自動武器，隨後，警方便對4人展開了追蹤調查，但由於一個特工的錯誤駕駛決定，警方暴露了身份，抓獲了2名嫌疑人，但在房間內並沒有找到所謂的自動武器，2名嫌犯被釋放，之後再沒露面。一波未平，一波又起。情報機構很快又發現了另一起隱患：在同一個交叉路口，一名政治偏激的退伍海軍托馬斯·瓦來正伺機而動。瓦來是約翰波奇協會會員，對肯尼迪懷恨已久。根據線報，情報人員發現他在下榻的酒店房間內藏有高能武器及2500發彈藥。11月2日是肯尼迪現身傑克遜大街的時候，警方追蹤瓦來來到傑克遜大街，阻止了他的陰謀，汽車前座上的刀與後備箱的750發彈藥已足夠把他送進監獄。

Kennedy never made the trip to Chicago. That same day in Vietnam, President Ngo Dinh Diem was assassinated, and Kennedy canceled his appearance. Conspiracy buffs find it convenient that it was the assassination in Vietnam, not the threat in Chicago, that terminated the if Kennedy conspiracy aficionados need more ammo, there is a school of thought that Vallee was a patsy framed by the four Cubans. The information that led to their discovery came from an informer, and the only information about him is his name: "Lee." At least one person close to the plot is a believer: Vallee's sister, Mary Vallee-Portillo. She thinks that Vallee, who died in 1988, was "set up" for the JFK assassination attempt in Chicago. Like Lee Harvey Oswald, Vallee was a Marine, and he was stationed at the same U-2 base in Japan at the same time as the Dallas shooter. Of course, that's all just a coincidence—probably.

肯尼迪芝加哥之旅終未成行，就在那天，越南總統吳廷琰被害，肯尼迪便取消了芝加哥之行，有人說，肯尼迪沒去芝加哥，不是因爲芝加哥暗藏殺機，而是吳廷琰總統被害。但是好像很多狂熱者並不願意就此消停下來，他們猜測：瓦來只是4名古巴人訓練出來的替罪羊，依據是來自一名知情者的信息，關於人們對這位知情者的瞭解，就只是知道他自稱"李"，但至少有一個和這個陰謀有密切聯繫的人是相信這個言論的，那就是瓦來的妹妹瑪麗·瓦來·帕蒂羅，她說："瓦來就是訓練出來前往芝加哥謀殺肯尼迪的。"和李·哈維·奧斯瓦德一樣，瓦來是名海軍，和達拉斯刺殺者一同在日本的U-2基地服役，當然了，這也可能只是巧合而已。

y Truman Received A Letter Bomb

9.哈里·杜魯門曾收到書信炸彈

In a well-publicized attack, a pair of Puerto Rican nationalists attempted to assassinate President Harry Truman in 1950, but another set of nationalists attempted to end Truman's presidency in his first term. In 1947, Zionist militants were in open battle with British troops. The most menacing of the militant groups was the Stern Group, whose activities looked exactly like those of today's terrorists. At the time, it appeared that prospects for a future state of Israel—the long-held dream of a Jewish homeland—were bleak. The Stern Group would stop at nothing to achieve their goal.

1950年，兩名波多黎各民族主義者試圖刺殺杜魯門總統，媒體大規模披露了此次刺殺事件。但早在1947年，就曾有另外一撥民族主義者試圖毀掉杜魯門的總統夢。當時，猶太復國主義分子與英國正在奮戰，其中最殘暴的要數斯特恩集團，他們的行爲和如今的恐怖分子毫無二致，猶太人都夢想着恢復舊地，重建國家，然而從當時情況看，這個夢想的前景一片渺茫，然而斯特恩集團誓死也要重建故國。

President Truman was quite sympathetic to the Israeli cause, but that didn't deter the Stern Group from attacking him in the form of a letter. Police were tipped off to the possibility of a letter bomb because of a similar attempt on a British politician. Sir Stafford Cripps, President of the Board of Trade, received a letter that contained an envelope filled with powdered gelignite, a pencil battery, and a detonator. Police determined that the blast resulting from such a combination would be powerful enough to kill a man. Sure enough, the letter Truman received was a similar type of letter bomb. Ironically, the US became the first country to formally recognize Israel in spite of this attack.

杜魯門對他們的事業抱以極大的同情心，但是這並沒免去他的災難。警方收到舉報，稱可能會有人給杜魯門總統寄書信炸彈，因爲英國的貿易委員會主席，斯塔福·克里普斯爵士就收到一個裝有葛李炸藥粉、鉛筆電池、雷管的書信炸彈。警方判斷，裝有這些東西的信封完全可以勾銷一個人的性命，當然，杜魯門總統收到的正是一個和上述差不多的炸彈。但諷刺的是，美國是第一個承認以色列的國家。

a bin Laden Almost Got Bill Clinton

8.比爾·克林頓險些喪命本拉登之手

Osama bin Laden didn't become a household name until September 11, 2001, but prior to that, he was known in government circles as a major troublemaker. Terrorists had previously attacked the World Trade Center on President Bill Clinton's watch in 1993, so the presidential detail was on heightened alert when abroad. Bin Laden wasn't in on that attack, but he had other plans for Clinton.

2001年9月11日之前，本拉登還不是一個家喻戶曉的名字，在美國政客眼中，本拉登充其量也不過是一個愛惹事的人。早在1993年，世貿大廈就曾遭恐怖襲擊，然而本拉登並沒有參與其中，他把矛頭瞄向外出受到高等保護的克林頓，並制定了自己的計劃。

In 1996, President Clinton was in the Philippines as part of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. Clinton arranged a visit to a local politician, traveling a route that would take him over a bridge. Just prior to the trip, though, a Secret Service agent picked up an odd transmission in his earpiece. He repeatedly heard the words "bridge" and "wedding" and determined those to be code words for "blow up the bridge when the President is on it." Clinton's motorcade was quickly rerouted and no harm fell upon him.

1996年，克林頓正在菲律賓參加亞太經濟合作論壇，正打算拜訪一位當地政要，而拜訪途中會經過一座橋。在拜訪前，情報人員從耳機裏捕捉到一段奇怪的對話，這段話一直重複着"橋"和"婚禮"兩個詞，經鑑定，這段話的意思是"在總統車隊駛過橋時炸死總統"，克林頓便立刻更改了路線，逃過一劫。

The Clinton White House never revealed the assassination attempt, so news outlets didn't pick up the story until 2009. Al-Qaeda had admitted to assassination attempts on Clinton in the past, but it wasn't until this story emerged that it was revealed how perilously close they came to success. Even when the Clinton Administration attacked Afghanistan in an attempt to eliminate bin Laden in 1998, they never mentioned the 1996 assassination attempt as a motivation.

克林頓政府一直將那次刺殺對媒體隱瞞了起來，直至2009年，基地組織承認在過去曾經試圖殺害克林頓，在此之前人們都不清楚克林頓曾經命懸一線。儘管在1998年，克林頓曾派軍攻打阿富汗，但也始終沒有把這件事拿出來當噱頭鼓舞士氣。

er's Term Almost Ended Before It Began

7.胡佛總統之路險胎死腹中

Herbert Hoover isn't recalled fondly as a president. He had the misfortune of holding office during the 1929 stock market crash, and everything he tried to do to contain the damage only made it worse. But as a candidate, he was very popular, winning quite handily over Al Smith. Hoover decided to parlay that popularity into a trip abroad prior to taking his oath of office.

在人們印象中，胡佛並不是一位稱職的總統，他運氣確實不大好:甫一上臺就遇上1929年證券市場崩潰，每推出一項政策，總會出現新情況將其打擊得體無完膚。但作爲總統候選人來說，胡佛是很受歡迎的，輕輕鬆鬆地擊敗了對手艾爾·史密斯。在正式就職前，胡佛希望帶着自己的人氣拜訪其他國家。

In December 1928, President-elect Hoover traveled to Central and South America to promote his plan for a trade partnership with the region. While in Argentina, a known anarchist named Manuel Scarzo was detained after a search of his home found guns, bombs, and—most incriminating—a rail map with Hoover's path highlighted in red. Scarzo allegedly got the train route from Hoover's own itinerary, which had been leaked. No one is sure how close Hoover came to death. Clearly, given the details the anarchist possessed, it could have ended poorly for the president-elect. Hoover downplayed the incident, including tearing the newspaper article about it out of his newspaper so his wife wouldn't see it and become upset.

1928年12月，胡佛前往拉丁美洲，推進美國和拉美地區建立貿易伙伴關係，在走訪阿根廷時，一位名叫曼紐爾·司佳佐的無政府主義者被捕——警察在他家中發現了大量的槍支炸藥，一張用紅線標出胡佛總統行程路線的地圖更是可謂證據確鑿。沒人知道當年胡佛曾和死亡擦身而過，很顯然，根據這名無政府主義者的胡作非爲，胡佛政府確實低調地處理了這件事。胡佛也竭力掩蓋事實，他曾經把印有刺殺事件的報紙挑出來撕掉，免得妻子看見傷心難過。

ge W. Bush Almost Caught A Grenade In Georgia

6.布什在格魯吉亞險些喪命手榴彈

Let's face it—George W. Bush wasn't an extremely popular president. A 2006 movie revolved around a fanciful fictional assassination of the president in Chicago, but Bush actually did have a very close encounter in the Eurasian country of Georgia.

坦白講，布什總統並不招人待見，2006年有部電影描述了一個發生在芝加哥的驚心動魄的總統刺殺故事，但布什總統的確在格魯吉亞這個歐洲國家險些遇刺身亡。

In 2005, Bush was giving a speech in a crowded square in Tiblisi, Georgia. Suddenly, an object wrapped in a handkerchief came flying through the air. The threat wasn't immediately known, but it turned out to be a live grenade. Initial reports downplayed the incident, but the grenade landed less than 30 meters (100 ft) from the president and was very capable of harming him. Had the handkerchief not been so tightly wound around the grenade, it likely would have imer Arutiniani admitted to throwing the grenade and was arrested. He received a life sentence for his attempt. Arutiniani explained that he aimed high to launch shrapnel over the bulletproof glass protecting Bush as he spoke, and had the grenade gone off, it's likely he would have been successful.

2005年，布什正在格魯吉亞第比利斯一個人羣涌動的廣場上演講，突然，一個用手帕裹着的不明物體破空而來，剛開始人們都沒注意到是什麼東西，最後才發現是一個引燃的手榴彈。最初的新聞報道都對此次事件一筆帶過，但手榴彈落在離布什總統不足30米（100英尺）的位置，如果不是手帕裹得太緊，手榴彈很可能會爆炸，傷及布什。事後，弗拉基米爾·亞努提尼亞尼認罪伏法，被處以終身監禁，他說，當時是想把手雷扔過高聳的防彈玻璃。如果當時手雷順利爆炸了，他也就得逞了。

翻譯：趙一力 來源：前十網