【中考英語語法彙總】形容詞和副詞語法講解（二）

3．形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的構成
形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的構成分爲三種類型：

1）在大多數單音節詞和少數雙音節詞的詞尾加er，est。
（1）一般情況在詞尾加-er，est。如：hard harder hardest
（2）以字母e結尾的只加-r，-st。如：large larger largest
（3）以輔音字母+y結尾的，先改y爲i，再加-er，est。如：healthy healthier healthiest
（4）單元音單輔音結尾的重讀閉音節，先雙寫該輔音，再加-er，est。如：thin thinner thinnest
注：詞尾爲ow，er，le結尾的雙音節詞都採用這種形式。如：
narrow         narrower             narrowest
clever          cleverer              cleverest
simple         simpler               simplest

2）在多音節和部分雙音節詞的詞前加more，most。另外，由過去分詞轉化而成的形容詞，不論多少個音節都用這種形式。如：
serious        more serious        most serious
popular       more popular        most popular
tired           more tired            most tired
pleased       more pleased       most pleased

3）不規則變化：
good/well            better                    best
bad/ill/badly        worse                    worst
many/much          more                     most
little                   less                      least
far                      farther/further        farthest/furthest
old                      older/elder            oldest/eldest

4．形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的用法
1）同級比較。常用句型爲：
肯定結構：as+形容詞（副詞）原級+ as
否定結構：not so (as)+形容詞（副詞）原級+as如： Our garden is as beautiful as theirs.
Jane didn't write as/so carefully as her elder sister.
上述本句型前可以有表示倍數或分數的修飾語，如：This room is three times as large as that one.

2）程度不等的比較，常與than連用，其基本句型是： A+形容詞（副詞）比較級+ than B
如：
Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. Which do you like better, strawberries or grapes?

3）最高級。最高級用於三者或三者以上的比較，其結構是：
the+形容詞（副詞）最高級+比較範圍（of/among/in短語） 如： Spring is the best season in Shanghai.
David is the cleverest among the three brothers. Tom jumps (the) farthest of all the students.
注：副詞的最高級前the可以省略。

5．學習比較等級時的—些注意事項

1）比較的對象應當一致。如：
It's hotter in Guangzhou than Beijing.（誤）
It's hotter in Guangzhou than in Beijing.（正）
A woman's heart beats faster than a man.（誤）
A woman's heart beats faster than a man’s.（正）

2)不能與自身相比較。應藉助other或else來表達排除。
如：
Beckham is more popular than any football player in the world.（誤） Beckham is more popular than any other football player in the world（正）
Beckham is more popular than all the other football players in the world.（正）
Beckham is more popular than any football player, else in the world.（正）
Beckham is the most popular football player in the world.（正）

3)形容詞和副詞的比較級前可以用以下單詞來修飾：much, even, far, a bit, a little, a lot，still等。
This pair of shoes is even cheaper.
The new textbook is a little thicker than the old one.
He is five years younger than I.

4)在比較級的句子中出現“of the two”之類的結構時，比較級前也需加定冠詞the。如：
He is the shorter of the two boys.
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?

5)“比較級+ and+比較級”結構，表示“越來越……”，多音節詞則要用“more+ and+more+原級”。如：
A block of ice is becoming smaller and smaller.
I am more and more interested in history.

6)“the+比較級，the+比較級”結構，表示“越是……就越”。如：
The sooner, the better.（越快越好。）
The busier he is, the happier he feels.

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