【中考英語語法彙總】介詞語法講解

（一）介詞概述
介詞是一種虛詞，在句子中不單獨作任何句子成分。它是一種表示名詞和句中其他詞之間關係的詞。它常和名詞、動詞、形容詞等搭配，構成固定短語，表示不同意 思。介詞還可以與名詞構成介詞短語，表示方位、方向、時間、地點、方式、原因等。這些介詞短語在句中可充當定語、狀語、補語等。2000—2005年的中 考中主要考了形容詞與介詞的搭配：如：be famous for；表示時間的介詞，如：at night；動詞與介詞的搭配，如：arrive in/have dinner with sb.；表示方式、手段的介詞，如：by phone/in English.

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（二）基礎知識梳理

1．名詞與介詞的搭配
a bit of有一點兒                                  a couple of兩個、幾個
a kind of一種、一類                             cover an area of佔地面積
have pity on sb.憐憫某人                      huge amounts of大量的
make friends with與……交朋友               make fun of拿……開玩笑
meet the needs of迎合……的需要           one after another一個接一個；連續地
play a trick on捉弄                             the week after next下下週

2．動詞與介詞的搭配
agree with sb.同意某人的意見               apologize to sb. for sth.爲某事向某人道歉
arrive at/in a place到達某地                 ask for請求、尋求
be covered with被……所覆蓋                 be made of由……製成
be made up of由……組成                     belong to屬於
break into破門而人、闖入                     call on拜訪
care for照顧、喜歡                              carry out執行
check in辦理登機                                come across被理解；遇見
come from出生於、來自                       come on跟我來、走吧
communicate with與……交                   cut down砍倒
deal with= do with處理                      depend on= rely on依靠、依賴
die of因……病而死                               dream of夢見
dress up穿着、打扮                             eat up= finish off吃光、喝完、吞噬
enter for報名參加                               fall off從……跌落
fill in填充、填寫                                 find out找出、查明、瞭解
get along/on with進展、與……相處         get in the way擋道
get in進入、收集                                get on上車
get off下車                                       get rid of擺脫
get ready for爲…．作準備                    get to到達
get tired of對……感到厭倦                    go in for參加、從事於、酷愛 ，'^
go ahead先走、向前走；去吧                 go for a swim去游泳
go on a diet實行節食                          go over複習
go on with繼續做某事                          grow up長大、成長
hand in上交                                      hear from收到……的來信
hear of聽說                                       help sb. with sth.幫助某人做某事
hold on等等（別掛電話）                      hold up舉起
hurry off匆忙離開                               join．n參加、加入
keep... from使……不做                        keep in touch with與……保持聯繫
keep off阻擋；不讓接近                       knock over撞倒、撞翻
later on過來；後來                             laugh at嘲笑
learn.., from向……學習                       leave for動身去
let out放出                                      line up整隊；排成行
live on靠……爲生                               look after照顧；照料
look at看；觀看                                look for尋找
look forward to期待着                       look like看上去像；顯得
look out of從……朝外看                      look up查尋；擡頭看
make out辨認出                               make up one's mind下決心
meet with遭遇                                 operate on sb.爲……動手術
pay for付……錢                                 pick out拾起
play with玩弄                                  point at指向；指着
point out指出                                  praise sb. for sth.爲某事表揚某人
prefer... to(比起……來)更喜歡              prepare for準備
protect... from保護……免受                 pull down推倒
put off延期                                     put on穿；戴上；上演
put out伸出                                    put up舉起；掛起
run after追捕；追蹤                          run away逃跑
search for搜尋；搜查                         see off爲……送行
sell out售完                                    set out/off for出發去……；起程去……
set up建立；設立．                           shake hands with與……握手
share with與……分享                         show off炫耀
show sb around帶某人蔘觀                 shut up住口
speed up加快速度                            阻止……做
take away拿走                                take care of照料
take charge of負責；管理；                take hold of抓住
take in吸入                                    take off脫掉（衣物等）；起飛
take out取出                                  take part in參加 
take up開始從事                              talk about談到
talk to/with與...談話                        tell... from區別；分辨
think of想起；想到                           think over仔細考慮
throw away扔掉                              tie up捆綁
try on 試穿                                     turn down（把音量）調低
turn into變成                                   turn off關掉（電燈、電視、收音機等）
turn on開，旋開（電燈、電視、收音機等）                        turn over翻車；翻閱；翻身
turn out結果是；證明是                     wake up醒來；叫醒
wait for等待；等候                           write down寫下
work out算出；制定出

3. 形容詞與介詞的搭配

be afraid of害怕                                           be angry with生氣
be bad for有害於                                           be busy with 忙於
be careful with小心                                       be different from與……不同
be familiar to爲……所熟悉                               be famous for以……而聞名
be fond of愛好                                             be good at/poor at擅長於/在……方面比較差
be interested in對……感興趣                           be keen on喜愛
be late for……遲到                                         be located in/on/at位於
be pleased with對……滿意                               be proud of爲……而感到自豪
be ready for爲……做準備                                  be surprised at對……感到驚奇
be thankful to對……很感激                               be used to習慣於
be worried about爲……而擔心                           far away from離……遙遠
plenty of許多

4.其他介詞

1）表示時間的介詞

after school放學後                                         at first起先，開始的時候
at once=in no time立刻；馬上                          at present現在；目前
at the same time同時                                    at the moment此時；當時；目前；那時
from now on從此以後                                      from time to time不時；有時
in a minute一會兒                                          in one’s fifties在某人五十多歲時
in the end=at last最後；終於                           in the future在將來
in the years to come在即將來臨的幾年中              in time及時
out of date過時

2）表示事物之間位置的介詞

at school在學校；在上課                                  at work在工作
in front of在……前面                                      in hospital住院
in line成一排；成一直線                                  in the middle of在……中間
next to緊挨着；緊靠着                                   on one’s side在某人一邊
on the right在右邊                                       on the other hand另一方面
on show 在展出                                          out of從……裏出來；缺乏
over there在那邊                                         up and down上上下下

3）表示方式、手段的介詞
 by bus乘公共汽車                                       by oneself親自
by phone= on the phone打電話                     by the way順便說；順便問一下
in a hurry匆忙                                            in English用英語
in one's opinion根據某人的看法                      in return作爲回報
instead of代替；而不是                                 in surprise驚奇地
in this way這樣                                          on business有事；出差．
on foot步行；走路                                       on holiday在休假
on the/one's way to在去……的路上                  with great care非常小心
with one voice異口同聲                                with one's own eyes親眼（目睹）
with the help of在……的幫助下

4)表示原因、目的的介詞
because of因爲                                         in order to爲了
for example例如                                        with pleasure愉快地

5)表示根據、所屬、比較等的介詞
according to按照                                       after all終究；畢竟
belong to屬於                                          in all總共
in charge of負責                                       in fact事實上
in trouble處於困境中                                  not… at all．一點也不；根本不
of course當然                                          the same…as與……同樣