中考英語完型填空題的答題技巧

初中英語完型填空共10個空，高中共20個空。在平時訓練時要求初中生必須10個空全部正確，高中生必須只能錯2個空。只有這樣才能保證分數在120分以上。那麼怎麼才能做到這樣的要求呢，下面請看小編爲大家進行解答。

一、解題策略指導

完形填空(Cloze test)是初中英語試題中必考題型。完形填空主要測試學生在具體語言環境中對文章的篇章結構、中心思想、推理判斷、詞語辨析、習慣用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及對所學英語的綜合運用能力、快速閱讀理解能力及邏輯推理判斷能力等。

這種題型歸納起來有如下特點：

1.在整份試卷中所佔的分值較重，佔10—15%，短文長度一般在130—200個單詞左右。

2.降低了對單詞本身的考查要求，重點考查考生對短文的整體理解，上下文的段落銜接，情理分析及推理判斷能力。

3.針對初中學生的實際水平，一般採用故事類、說明類短文，儘量避免專業性太強的文章或論文體。近年來出現了以意義選擇爲主、語法選擇逐漸減少的趨勢。

完形填空有多種形式，但它在基本設計原則上都是一致的。形式都是從短文中抽去若干個詞或短語，讓考生根據上下文填入適當的詞或短語，爲了有助於考生填入適當的詞，可以提供四個答案(其中包括一個正確答案)，讓考生選出正確的答案;從所給的單詞中，選擇適當的詞並用其正確形式填空;也可以給出單詞首字母作提示將短文補全;也可以不給考生提供任何線索，完全憑藉考生對文章的理解和現有的語言能力完成。最常見的還是選擇型的完形填空。

抽詞的辦法可以是有針對性地抽取，也可以是隨機地抽取。但目前比較流行的是對文章理解能力的考查，而不是單純對語法結構的考查。

完形填空要求考生不僅要會運用自己學過的詞彙和語法知識妥善地處理好每個單句，理解語義，還要處理好單句之間以及單句與全文之間的內在關係，選出適當的詞填上，使文章完整與通順。

完形填空題要求填入的詞主要有：構成各種時態和用法區別的動詞及短語動詞;名詞和介詞;根據上下文意思及結構必須填入的形容詞、副詞、代詞和連詞;同義詞、近義詞等易混詞。考查以實詞爲主，兼顧虛詞和語法結構。難點主要集中在根據上下文作正確判斷的詞的用法上。

在做完形填空題時，通常先弄清語境，並依據上下文進行合理的分析、判斷，才能作出恰當的選擇。具體可分爲以下三步：

1. 通覽全文，瞭解大意

答題時，應先越過空檔，通讀全文，理順題意，找出信息詞。這是做好完形填空題的關鍵。因爲完形填空的特點是着眼於整體理解。我們如果把短文比作環環相扣的鏈條，那麼由於空格的設置，“鏈條”從第二句起有些地方就脫節了。有些同學習慣於提筆就填或邊讀邊填，急於求成，然而，欲速則不達，結果往往由於“只見樹木不見森林”而事倍功半。因此我們應該依據首句給的啓示，通過邏輯思維，藉助短文中關鍵詞所提供的信息，越過空檔，儘快把全文讀完，建立語言的整體感，幫助我們瞭解短文大意。

2. 綜合考慮，先易後難

通覽全文後，認真觀察選項，瞻前顧後，仔細推敲，逐項選定。經過通讀全文，對短文有了整體印象。在此基礎上，可以根據全文大意，展開邏輯思維，分析這一空格處在句中的地位，前後的關係和它所起的作用，確定最佳答案。遇到困難，暫放一邊，先易後難，這是解題之道。當遇到難以判斷的空檔時，不妨先放一邊，繼續往下做。因爲有些答案是必須通過下文的理解後才能作出斷定的。有時，前後信息之間還有相互提示作用。因此，當我們遇到難題時，不能久久停留於此，這樣會浪費不必要的時間。

3. 復讀檢驗，消除疏漏

完成所有空檔後，還要再次通讀全文，看看這時的短文行文是否流暢，意義是否連貫，邏輯關係是否合理。複查時，可從語法入手，檢查一下句子的時態、主謂一致、代詞的性、數、格以及詞語的搭配等是否正確。凡遇疑點，必須根據文章的中心思想，從意義、語法的角度來仔細權衡，加以改正，彌補疏漏。

二、範例解析引路

例一：

Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, __1__ students are young people. Why do all these people want to learn__2__? It is not__3__to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their __4__. Many people learn English because it is__5__in their work. Some young people learn English__6__their higher studies because some of their books are__7__English. Other people learn English because they want to __8__newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to __9__ in the USA, England or Australia. English is very__10__in our life.

1. A. all B. the other 　C. both D. other

2. A. English B. Chinese 　C. maths D. Japanese

3. A. hard B. easy C. good D. nice

4. A. books B. classes　C. schools D. subjects

5. A. good B. useful C. fine D. pleased

6. A. for B. of C. to D. from

7. A. in B. with C. at D. of

8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read

9. A. go B. work C. like D. come

10. A. help B. helping　C. helps D. helpful

解題思路：首先，通覽全文。通過通覽全文，便知本文講述許多人學習英語。學習英語的人年齡不同，目的各異。其次，本着先易後難的原則開始填空，先根據上下文和自己的語感，推測部分空格的可能答案。然後，再結合選項逐一敲定。

1. 選B。r(s)...意思是“一些……另一些(泛指)”; other(s)...意思是“一些……另一些(特指)”。由語境可知，在學英語的學生中，除一部分是孩子外，剩餘的是青年人(特指)。

2. 選A。根據上下文可知是English。

3. 選B。由文章內容來看，人們學習英語的原因多種多樣，因此回答爲什麼那麼多人學習英語這個問題並不容易。

4. 選D。由常識可知，English是學生學習的科目(subject)之一。

5. 選B。根據前後文意可知許多人學習英語，那是因爲English在他們的工作中很有用(useful)。

6. 選A。本題屬於介詞用法辨析。介詞for在此可表示目的、原因。

7. 選A。in English是習慣搭配。

8. 選D。“讀報”英語習慣說read newspapers。

9. 選B。根據語境及句子結構，有些人學習英語或想出國(go to a country)或想在這些國家工作(work in a country)。

10. 選D。末句點題，"英語在我們生活中是很有幫助的(helpful)"。

最後，復讀檢驗。將所有答案代入空格後，重新將短文復讀一遍，如果語句通順，語意清楚，便結束本題，轉做其它試題。

最後須提醒大家一點，做好完形填空題並非一日之功。我們應從平日學習中做起，多積累，勤學苦練，方可成功!

例二：

parent, tell, call, celebrate, together, why, start, aFTer, shop, newspaper

Most people buy lots of presents just before Christmas. But some people think we buy too much. They have started a special day (1) _______ Buy Nothing Day. They don’t want anyone to go (2) _______ on that day. Buy Nothing Day is November 29. It is (3) _______ Thanksgiving. Often, before Christmas we see many ads in (4) _______ and on TV (5) _________ us to “buy, buy, buy!” The idea for Buy Nothing Day (6) _______ in Vancouver, Canada. Now people all over the world (7) _______ Buy Nothing Day. In California, the US, (8) _________ and children get (9) _______ to read stories, sing songs, and draw pictures. The children talk about (10) _______ they don’t need a lot of toys.

本文是向考生介紹一個特殊的日子——Buy Nothing Day，因此第1空應填called。既然是Buy Nothing Day，那就應該是不讓人們“購物 (go shopping)”。第3空考查常識，Buy Nothing Day的日期是November 29，應該在Thanksgiving之後，故此空白處應填after。“看見廣告”通常應在報紙上或電視上，因此第4空白處應填newspapers。結合文意可知第5空白處應填寫一個動詞，並且能用動詞不定式作複合賓語，此動詞應是tell，此處應用“動詞-ing”形式，即telling。 第6空白處所在的句子是介紹Buy Nothing Day的起源，是過去的事情，應用started。現在，世界各地也像慶祝其他節日一樣來慶祝Buy Nothing Day，因此第7個空白處應填寫celebrate (慶祝)。第8空白處應填parents與children對應。第9空白處應填together與動詞get構成get together短語，意思是“團聚”。第10空白處應填why來澄清“they don’t need a lot of toys”的原因。

完形填空實戰練習帶答案

完形填空(一)

The purpose(目的)of students 1 come to school is to study. But 2 needs right way or we would waste the time or the money. The followings are ways for studying.

The 3 time for reading is morning. Because in the morning, the air is fresh and our minds are clear. For that reason, we can get good results.

When we study we must be patient(有耐性的). If we don’t understand a text well, we must read it again. We should not read the next 4 we have learned the first one well.

When we are studying, we must put our hearts 5 the book. We cannot read absent-mindedly(心不在焉地), or we could get 6 from the book while we are reading.

We must always ask “why”. If it is not 7 understood, write it down and ask our teachers or parents, brothers or friends, in 8 possible way. We must know it completely and then our knowledge can 9 well.

Though there are many ways for studying, 10 , the above mentioned(提到的)will be quite enough if we can keep them in heart.

(二)

Mr Brown was a rich shopkeeper. He 1 a lot of money to his son Jim when he was dying. The young man often 2 his friends to dinner and several years later he spent all the money on the 3 food. Now he got into trouble and nobody came to him. It made him 4 and he went to ask a clever old man for advice.

“My money has 5 and my friends have gone,” said the young man. “What will happen to me now?”

“Don,t 6 , young man,” answered the old man. “Everything will soon be all right again. 7 and you will soon feel much happier.” 8 this, the young man was very glad. He asked, “Am I going to be 9 again if I don’t like working?”

“No,”said the old man.“I 10 you will soon get used to being poor and having no friends.”

(三)

There was a robbery near Harry’s home one night. Harry was looking out of his window 1 saw a robber run out of a shop and he saw the robber 2 his mask(面具) saw his face.

Harry told his father what he had seen. When the police came, Harry and his 3 went to talk to them.“I saw the robber,” Harry told the police.“I can recognize(認出) was about 4 . He 5 a big red nose. His ears were big. He was quite tall and thin. There is 6 wrong with his right leg.”

“ 7 do you know that?”one of the policemen asked.

“He limped(跛行),”Harry said.

“What was he wearing?”the other policeman asked.

“He was wearing black trousers and a shirt,” Harry said. “His mask was a lady,s stocking. His shoes were white sports shoes.”

“You are a very clever boy,” the policeman said.”“ 8 ! Now we can send out a description of the robber.”

The police did this and the next day they caught him. They put him in a line 9 some other men. They asked Harry to point him out. Harry did this 10 police arrested(逮捕)the man at once. Then Harry went home with his father happily.

(四)

Happiness is for everyone, and you don’t need to care about those people who have beautiful houses 1 large gardens and swimming pools or those 2 have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel 3 and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads in their free time.

In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are 4 at school, your friends will help you; when you study at your lessons, your parents are always taking good care of your life and your 5 ; when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you; when you do 6 , people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy, too. All these are your happiness. If you notice those things, you can see that happiness is always around you.

Happiness is not 7 as money; it is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can’t 8 with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you cannot always say you are poor or you have bad luck. 9 the saying goes: Life is like a revolving(轉動的)door. When it closes, it also opens. If you take every chance you get, you can be a happy and 10 person.

(五)

Every summer, not only boys and men but also girls and women try to swim fromEnglandtoFranceor fromFrancetoEngland. The distance(距離)at the 1 point is about 20 miles, but because the waves are very 2 , the distance that swimmers must 3 is usually more than twice as far.

Captain Web was the first man to cross the English Channel betweenEnglandandFrance. That was in August 1875. The Englishman stepped into the water from a 4 at Dover inEngland. He 5 21hours in crossing the English Channel and at last 6 the French mainland. Since then many swimmers have crossed the English Channel and made time much 7 . In 1960 a Canadian crossed in 10 hours and 23 minutes.

Because the sea is usually 8 , swimmers cover their bodies with grease(動物油脂) helps them to keep the cold out. They can also 9 something, because some men go with them in small 10 .

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( )h e n

( ) t shed

( ) ved hed

( )er ter er er

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答案：

完形填空(一)1—5 ACCBB 6—10 DABDB

完形填空(二) 1—5 BCDAB 6—10 ACCCA

完形填空(三) 1—5 ADCAB 6—10 DACCA

完形填空(四) 1—5 CACBA 6—10 DBCAB

完形填空(五)1—5 ABDAB 6—10 DBCBD

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