高考英語語法學習之名詞性從句及高考英語書面表達熱點
高考英語書面表達在一些地區卷中比較注重關注熱點，今年應該說環保(霧霾低碳生活等仍然是關注的一個熱點)，下面總結基本表達方式，舉一些書面表達環保類例子，僅供考生參考，歡迎大家閱讀!
高考英語書面表達熱點：環境保護低碳生活
環境問題的提出：
1.全球的關注global concern
2.越來越糟get worse and worse/ get from bad to worse/
3.環境的破壞the destruction of our environment
4.改善環境刻不容緩get more and more serious
{C}{C}?{C}1. Now more and more people have come to realize how serious this problem is.
{C}{C}?{C}2. Laws have been passed to protect our environment.
{C}{C}?{C}3. A large quantity of trees should be planted.
{C}{C}?{C}4. It is glorious to take care of the environments while it is shameful to pollute them.
{C}{C}?{C}5. Only in this way can we enjoy fresh air and live a healthy life.
{C}{C}?{C}6. To protect ourselves, we must keep the balance of nature.
{C}{C}?{C}7. We should take good care of the forest and plant more trees instead of cutting down so as to improve our living conditions.
{C}{C}?{C} cherish the environment is to love ourselves.
{C}{C}?{C}愛護環境就是愛護我們自己
{C}{C}?{C}9.I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation
{C}{C}?{C}我急切呼籲應該採取措施改變現狀
{C}{C}?{C} are sure that well win the battle.
{C}{C}?{C}我們堅信我們能贏得戰鬥
{C}{C}?{C}11. Keep our mountains green, the water clean, and the sky blue.
{C}{C}?{C}使我們山更綠，水更清，天更藍
{C}{C}?{C} earths days are numbered without urgent help.
{C}{C}?{C}沒有及時的幫助我們的地球就屈指可數了.
{C}{C}?{C}13(Sth.)are bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blink eye to them.
{C}{C}?{C}如果我們繼續睜一隻眼閉一隻眼的話，......一定會有惡劣的後果
{C}{C}?{C}14.近來環保已經引起了全球的關注。
Environmental protection has caused global concern recently.
{C}{C}?{C}15.我們應該馬上採取措施來保護我們的環境免受污染
Its high time we took immediate measures to protect our earth from being polluted.
{C}{C}?{C}16.每個人都應該提高保護地球的意識。
Everybody should raise the awareness that its our duty to protect our mother earth.
{C}{C}?{C}17.你不難發現每個人都在傷害地球，然而他們可能自己都沒有意識到這一點。
You cannot difficultly see that everybody actually is causing damage to the mother earth, which , however, they may not be realizing.
{C}{C}?{C}18.無論如何我們不應該犧牲我們的環境來發展我們的經濟。
On no account should we develop our economy at the cost of our environment.
{C}{C}?{C}19.我們不能否認每個人都曾破壞過環境，所以我們不能否認每個人都有責任來保護我們賴以生存的星球。
We cant deny that everybody has done something to damage the nature, so we cant deny that
everybody should take the responsibility for protecting our living planet.
1. To cherish the environment is to love ourselves.愛護環境就是愛護我們自己r is the source of our lives水是生命之源
3.I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation我急切呼籲應該採取措施改變現狀
government is doing its best to take measures to fight against pollution.
我們政府正努力制定措施與污染作鬥爭
are sure that well win the battle.
我們堅信我們能贏得戰鬥
high time that we should protect our environment from being polluted.
是時候我們應該防止環境污染了
7. Keep our mountains green,the wate clean,and the sky blue.
使我們山更綠，水更清，天更藍
ver,natural resources are not reserves are already on the brink of exhaustion.
然而自然資源並不是無窮無盡的，一些儲量已經到了窮盡的邊緣
we do something with no thought for the furture . The later generation would be in danger.
如果我們不爲將來考慮，後代就會受到威脅
earths days are numbered without urgent help.
沒有及時的幫助我們的地球就屈指可數了.
11(Sth.)are bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blink eye to them.
如果我們繼續睜一隻眼閉一隻眼的話，......一定會有惡劣的後果
{C}{C}?{C}
1.政府已經開始注意這個問題。
The government has begun to pay attention to the problem
{C}{C}?{C}2.爲了保護環境，政府已經通過一些法規來阻止人們亂扔垃圾。
To protect the environment, the government has passed laws to prevent people from throwing rubbish everything.
{C}{C}?{C}3.我們應該盡全力來處理污染問題，維護我們的環境。
We should do our best to take care of the environment and pollution
{C}{C}?{C}4. As we know, pollution does great harm to human beings.
{C}{C}?{C}5. It is very important to deal with the rubbish in cities. Rubbish should be treated properly.
{C}{C}?{C}6. With the development of agriculture and industry, more and more waste is produced.
{C}{C}?{C}7. Our government is doing its best to take measures to fight against pollution.
{C}{C}?{C}8. Something must be done to prevent factories from polluting the air.
{C}{C}?{C}9. In my opinion, the best solution to this problem is to carry out the system of praise and punishment firmly.
{C}{C}?{C}10. We must make good use of water and avoid polluting it.
{C}{C}?{C}11. Only by this means can we stop the air from being polluted.
{C}{C}?{C} government is doing its best to take measures to fight against pollution.
{C}{C}?{C}我們政府正努力制定措施與污染作鬥爭
{C}{C}?{C} high time that we should protect our enviroment from being polluted.
{C}{C}?{C}是時候我們應該防止環境污染了
5.提高..的意識raise awareness that /of sth
6.承擔保護環境的責任bear the responsibility to protect our environment
7.呼籲某人做某事call on / call for/ appeal to sb to do sth
8.時間不等人the clock is ticking
9.努力做某事make all efforts/ endeavor /make ones utmost effort / go all out/try all means to do sth
10.採取行動/措施去take action /take measures to do
11.改善目前的狀況improve the present situation
12.關注pay attention to doing/show concern for sth
13.傷害/損害.. cause harm/damage to
14.不惜任何代價at all cost
15.只要so/as long as
16.承擔做某事的責任take the responsibility of doing sth
17.以犧牲..作爲代價at the cost/ expense of our environment
保護環境Protect the environment
環境污染Environmental pollution
釋放有毒氣體Give off/release poisonous gas
受到嚴重污染Be seriously polluted
對有害Do harm to / be harmful to
(不)注意環保Pay (no) attention to
滅絕Die out
多植樹Plant more trees
把垃圾分類Sort the rubbish
回收垃圾Recycle the rubbish
受益良多Benefit a lot
保持生態平衡Keep the balance of nature
防止人們污染河流Prevent people from polluting the rivers
爲了提高生活質量,環境保護變得越來越重要In order to improve the quality of our life, it becomes more and more important to
隨着科技的進步,環境污染越來越嚴重With the development of science and technology, more and more pollution is produced.
我們應該立刻採取措施與污染作鬥爭We should take immediate action / steps to fight against
唯有這種方式我們才能享受新鮮空氣,活得健康Only in this way can we enjoy fresh air and live a healthy life.
Its high time that we did sth to improve the environment
書面表達範例：
書面表達
假如你是李華，你的筆友Mike從電視上得知前段時間北京多個地方出現霧霾(haze)，非常擔心，寫E-mail詢問有關情況，請回復。回覆應包括以下要點：
1.實況描述;
2.對生活造成的影響;
3.成因簡析與教訓;
4.你個人的情況。
One possible version:
Dear Mike，
Thank you very much for your concern. Last month several places in Beijing were blanketed(覆蓋)with thick yellow fog. Everything around disappeared from our sight. Some highways were closed. Traffic jams were commonly seen in the streets. Many people, especially children and se{C}{C}
{C}niors, even found it difficult to breathe. As a result, local hospitals were crowded with people who had problems with their noses and lungs. Part of the cause was the dry weather, but the severely damaged environment contributed a lot to this nightmare. Personally I didnt get any health problems in the haze because I stayed mostly indoors. But to make a significant change we really have to do more to protect our environment. To live a bette{C}{C}
{C}r life we have to push on with the economy, but it wound be meaningless if we have to achieve it at the cost of our breathing air.
Regards!
Yours,
Li Hua
霧霾天氣
近年來我國多地霧霾天氣不斷增多，極大地影響了人們的健康與生活。作爲環境保護的一個近期熱點話題，霧霾天氣符合高考考試要求，也能喚起高中生環保意識。
假如你是李華，你的英國筆友Bill來信詢問你家鄉是否有霧霾天氣，情況如何。請按下面寫一封電子郵件：
1.感謝他得關心;
2.介紹情況:(1)去年以來以發生數次霧霾天氣(2)人們已認識到霧霾天氣的危害，正採取各種舉措減少其發生(3)你自己爲此做了什麼或打算做什麼
要求100詞
【參考範文】
Dear Bill,
Im glad to receive your letter,thank you for your caring for the weather and my Id like to tell you something about the smog.
Since the winter last year,the smog has occurred a lot of has done great harm to our daily traffic accidents happened just because of the heavy smog weather,more and more people have to go to see the doctor because the serious disease caused by the smog,quite a lot of flights have to be put off,a great number of people have to stay at home for fear of the poisonous air caused by the smog.
People have realized the great harm caused by the smog and the importance of protecting the le all over the country are taking measures to reduce the smog government suggests people go to work or school with the public traffic, such as the bus and the we should plant more trees.
According to me, I will go to school by bike or on foot, and I wont throw the waste addition, I will tell the people I meet to protect the environment as possible as they d you like to tell me some good ideas?im looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
build an energy-saving society(建立一個節約型社會)
近日你所在的學校開展了爲建設節約型社會獻一計主題活動，同學們提出了許多建議。請你根據以下要點：
1。不浪費糧食和紙張
2。儘量不使用方便筷、塑料袋
3。畢業生將書贈給低年級同學循環使用?
注意：
1。不要逐字翻譯，可適當增加細節;
2。詞數：120字左右，開頭已經爲你寫好，不計入總詞數;
3。參考詞彙：方便筷disposable chopsticks
Recently，there has been an activity of doing your bit for an energy-saving society in our school. Our schoolmates are highly concerned about the increasing lack of energy and provide their own suggestions.
Some students suggest that we shouldnt waste any food or paper, though they appear very easy to get. Meanwhile, some other students think it advisable to refuse to use disposable chopsticks and plastic bags. Besides, it is also strongly recommended that those used textbooks as well as reference books of graduates, which are still in good condition, not be thrown but recycled.
Actually, there are still quite a lot that we can easily do: say, try to take buses or ride bicycles instead of driving cars, etc. All of these will definitely help to build an energy-saving society.
最近，你是吳明，和筆友李華都很關注可持續發展的話題。現在你寫一封信給他，談談江蘇的省情，介紹耕地的使用及保護的情況。
詞數：150左右。信的開頭號和結尾已經給出。必須包含以下要點：
1、江蘇是我國經濟發達的省份之一，位於我國的東部，人口多，佔地少。
人口：7000多萬;土地面積：10多萬平方公里。自然資源貧乏。
2、隨着經濟的發展和人口的增長，越來越多的良田被徵用來建造住房和工廠。耕地面積逐年減少。
3、人們正認識到保護耕地的重要性，政府積極採取措施禁止非法用地。
4、保護土地資源，是每個公民應盡義務，也是造福子孫後代的需要。
Dear Li Hua,
How are you? With this letter Id like to introduce my hometownJiangsu Province to you ated in the east of China, Jiangsu is one of the most developed provinces of our country. It is a province with a large population of 70,000,000 but not much farmland for people to live on, and it lacks natural resources with an area of more than 100,000 km2 .
With the development of economy and growth of its population, more and more good farmland has been used to build houses and factories. As a result, farmland is decreasing year by year.
Fortunately people are realizing the importance of protecting farmland and the government has taken measures to stop the illegal use of farmland.
In my opinion, its our duty to protect our farmland as well as our obligation to benefit the younger generations.
Looking forward to your reply.
Best wishes.
Yours
Wu ming
新課標高考英語語法名詞性從句用法點撥
高考英語語法學習之名詞性從句
學習指導：
1.名詞性從句的定義：
在句子中起到_________作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當於___________________,它在複合句中能夠擔 任_________、_______________、_____________、________________等，因此根據它在句子中不同的語 法功能，名詞性從句又可分爲______________從句，______________從句，______________從 句，______________從句四大類。
2.思維探究。
觀察一：觀察以下句子，判斷是那一類的名詞性從句，並指出該名詞性從句的引導詞。
{C}{C}(1){C}{C}Who he is doesnt concern me.
{C}{C}(2){C}{C}What he said is unbelievable.
{C}{C}(3){C}{C}Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.
{C}{C}(4){C}{C}When we will hold the sports meet is still unknown.
{C}{C}(5){C}{C}How he got in touch with Tom is not clear.
{C}{C}(6){C}{C}That light travels faster than sound is known to us all.
{C}{C}(7){C}{C}Whether she likes the present is not clear to me.
以上從句爲名詞性從句中_____________(類)，引導詞可以有：____________________________________________________________________________
其中請將第(6)句轉換爲It做形式主語：
____________________________________________________________________________
其中請將第(7)句轉換爲It做形式主語：
____________________________________________________________________________
Whether和if引導主語從句有什麼區別?
____________________________________________________________________________
What和that引導主語從句有什麼區別?
____________________________________________________________________________
注意一ver breaks the lawshould be published .
Watever was said here must be kept secret .
此類引導詞引導的從句也是______________從句，意思中包含有:_____________
注意二.再思考what和that引導主語從句的區別
you needis more practice .
he needed a lot of moneymade us surprised.
注意三ver breaks the lawshould be published .
Watever was said here must be kept secret .
此類引導詞引導的從句也是________從句，意思中包含有:____________________
觀察二：觀察以下句子，判斷是那一類的名詞性從句，並指出該名詞性從句的引導詞。
{C}{C}(8){C}{C}I hope (that) everything is all right./I am glad that everything is all right.
{C}{C}(9){C}{C}I wonder why she refused my invitation.
{C}{C}(10){C}{C}I cant imagine what made him act like that.
{C}{C}(11){C}{C}I want to know when we will hold the sports meet.
{C}{C}(12){C}{C}Im interested in whether youve finished the work.
(13)Im interested in what youve said.
(14)They dont know whether to go there.
以上從句爲名詞性從句中_____________(類)，引導詞可以有：____________________________________________________________________________
Whether和if引導賓語從句有什麼區別：
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
What和that引導賓語語從句有什麼區別?
____________________________________________________________________________
注意一：語序問題範例：賓語從句後的語序要使用_________加上__________________語序。
(1)d you kindly tell me _____?
A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station
C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station D. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
(2). These photographs will show you _____.
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
注意二：其中有兩個特例是我們要特別注意的：
She asked me whats the matter with the machine.
She asked me whats wrong with the machine.
因爲whats the matter,whats wrong本身就是____________________語序。
注意三：觀察以下句子，說出兩者的區別：_____________________________
______________________________________________________
Ill give youwhatever you want.
Ill give youwhat you want .
注意四：The teacher said that Tom had done a good job and that he would make greater progress in the future.
此句子中第一個that和第二個that能不能省略?
______________________________________________________
觀察三：觀察以下句子，判斷是那一類的名詞性從句，並指出該名詞性從句的引導詞。
(15)The fact is that we have lost the game.
(16)the question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
(17)the problem is how we should carry out the plan.
(18)the question is whether the film is worth seeing.
(19)the reason why he was late was that he missed the buy by one minute this morning.
(20)my suggestion is that we (should)tell him the truth.
They dont know whether to go there.
以上從句爲名詞性從句中_____________(類)，引導詞可以有：____________________________________________________________________________
Whether和if引導表語從句有什麼區別：
____________________________________________________________________________
What和that引導表語從句有什麼區別?
____________________________________________________________________________
當主語爲reason時，引導詞一般只能使用______而不用because。
當主語爲 ___________________________________________________________________建議，要 求，命令，請求這一類詞語的時候，標語從句的謂語要使用____________________________________。
觀察四：同位語從句
同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位於該名詞(如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之後，說明該名詞的具體內容。
e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
同位語從句中that引導詞與定語從句中that區別
The father made a promise that he will buy his son a new car.______從句
The father broke his promise (which/that) he made last week. _____從句
綜合類思維探究：
熱點一.語序與時態：
[能力激活1]：想一想：名詞性從句中的語序要注意什麼問題?
1. No one can be sure _____in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____.
A he is B who he is C who is it D who it is
小結：不管主句是肯定句、否定句還是疑問句,名詞性從句總是使用_____________語序。.
went up to see ________ with her.
A what was the matter B what is the matter C what the matter was D what the matter is
[能力激活2]：想一想：賓語從句中的時態應如何與主句時態保持相應的一致?
police found that the house _____ and a lot of things _____.
broken into; has been stolen broken into; had been stolen
been broken into; stolen been broken into; stolen
were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon.
A. leaves B. would leave left
3. I dont know when_____, but if he _____, Ill let you know.
A. he comes , will come B he will come , will come
C he will come, comes D he comes, comes
感悟疑點:He has come, but I didnt know that he _____ until yesterday.
A is coming B will come C was coming D wasnt coming
熱點二.連接詞的選擇
[能力激活3]觀察與思考：that與what的用法有什麼不同?
you needis more practice .
he needed a lot of moneymade us surprised.
gy iswhat makes things work.
a is no longerwhat it used to be .
impressed me mostwas that he was always patient with children.
6. He told me(that ) she was illandthat her mother wouldnt let her go.
7. Word camethat our team won the game .
歸納：和what都可以引導名詞性從句。
是連接代詞，引導名詞性從句，在從句中(有/無)實在意義，(做/不做)成分,(能/不能)省。
是連接詞，在從句中(有/無)實在意義，僅起連接作用，(做/不做)成分,;引導賓語從句時(能/不能)省略，但引導多個賓語從句時，只有第___個that可以省略。在引導主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時that一般(能/不能)省略。
感悟疑點：1. AfterYang Liweisucceeded in circling the earth, our astronauts desire to do is walking in space. A where B what C that D how
2. They lost their way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. that B it C what D which
3. _____ no one likes his ideas is not strange at all.
A. What B How C When D That
4. _____ made the school proud was _____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key university.
A. What; because B What; that C That; what D That; because
5.. Word has came _____some American guests will come for a visit.
A. what B. that C. whether D. when
6. He told us _____ his father had died and ____ he had to live alone.
A that, / B /, that C what,/ D / , what
[能力激活4]觀察與思考：在名詞性從句中whever與wh---有什麼異同?
ver breaks the lawshould be published ver was said here must be kept secret .
give youwhatever you give youwhat you want .
小結1: wh-ever與wh-引導的名詞性從句在語法結構上________,在意義上__________，有__________的意思。
體會例題1. It is a rule in his family that_____ comes home earlier should cook the dinner for the family. A. anybody B. who C. who that D. whoever
2. I think the doctor is able to care for_____ is the matter with your son.
A. all B. what C. whatever D. anything
3. The wild flowers are so special that I would do _____ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
觀察、體會與思考：以下從句都是什麼從句?
ver breaks the law should be punished .
ver breaks the law , he should be punished .
3._____ _____ _____breaks the law , he should be punished .
小結2：wh-ever既可以引導__________從句，又可以引導_________從句.引導名詞性從句時相當於名詞+定語從句;引導讓步狀語從句時相當於__________________.
[能力激活5]觀察、體會與總結：
her well go camping tomorrowdepends on the weather.
2. Her ability has never been in doubt --- the question iswhether he is prepared to work hard.
depends onwhether we will have enough money.
4.I dont know whether to join the army or to find a job after my graduation .
5 doesnt t matterwhether he s come back or not.?
小結：名詞性從句只用whether的幾種情況：
1.引導________從句時，不用if.2.做______的賓語從句時3.與______和______連用時.
熱點三：幾點特殊用法
[能力激活6]思考:想一想it在名詞性從句中起到什麼作用?
1. ______ is reported that he will return to his hometown soon.
A What B It C As D That
2. I made _____ clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.
A this B that C them D it
小結1:.在名詞性從句中，當主語從句置後時，要使用______主語。
2.在如果賓語從句後邊還有賓語補足語，則用it作_______賓語而將賓語從句放於句末.
3. I hate_____ when people talk with their mouths full.
A it B that C these D them
Exercise :
1.很遺憾他竟然犯了那樣一個錯誤。_________________________________________
2.我認爲學好英語很重要____________________________________.
[能力激活7]：學以致用
1. ______ is known to us ____ the moon travels around the earth every month.
2. ______ is known to us is ____the moon travels around the earth every month.
3. _____ is known to everyone , the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. What B. It C. that D. As
高考英語語法學習之名詞性從句參考答案
參考答案：
綜合類思維探究：
熱點一.語序與時態：
[能力激活1]：
想一想：名詞性從句中的語序要注意什麼問題?
1. No one can be sure _____in a million years.
A. what man will look likeB. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____.
A he is B who he is C who is itD who it is
小結：不管主句是肯定句、否定句還是疑問句,名詞性從句總是使用_____陳述句________語序。.
went up to see ________ with her.
A what was the matterB what is the matter
C what the matter was D what the matter is
[能力激活2]：
想一想：賓語從句中的時態應如何與主句時態保持相應的一致?
police found that the house _____ and a lot of things _____.
broken into; has been stolen broken into; had been stolen
been broken into; been broken into; stolen
were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon.
A. leavesB. would left
3. I dont know when_____, but if he _____, Ill let you know.
A. he comes , will come B he will come , will come
C he will come, comesD he comes, comes
感悟疑點:
He has come, but I didnt know that he _____ until yesterday.
A is coming B will comeC was comingD wasnt coming
熱點二.連接詞的選擇
[能力激活3]
觀察與思考：that與what的用法有什麼不同?
you needis more practice .
he needed a lot of moneymade us surprised.
gy iswhat makes things work.
a is no longerwhat it used to be .
impressed me mostwas that he was always patient with children.
6. He told me(that ) she was illandthat her mother wouldnt let her go.
7. Word camethat our team won the game .
歸納：(C級)
和what都可以引導名詞性從句。
是連接代詞，引導名詞性從句，在從句中(有/無)實在意義，(做/不做)成分,(能/不能)省。
是連接詞，在從句中(有/無)實在意義，僅起連接作用，(做/不做)成分,;引導賓語從句時(能/不能)省略，但引導多個賓語從句時，只有第___個that可以省略。在引導主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時that一般(能/不能)省略。
感悟疑點：(C級)
1. AfterYang Liweisucceeded in circling the earth, _____ our astronauts desire to do is walking in space.
A whereB whatC that D how
2. They lost their way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. that B itC whatD which
3. _____ no one likes his ideas is not strange at all.
A. What B How C WhenD That
4. _____ made the school proud was _____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key university.
A. What; becauseB What; thatC That; what D That; because
5.. Word has came _____some American guests will come for a visit.
A. whatB. thatC. whether D. when
6. He told us _____ his father had died and ____ he had to live alone.
A that, /B /, thatC what,/ D / , what
[能力激活4]
觀察與思考：在名詞性從句中whever與wh---有什麼異同?
ver breaks the lawshould be published .
ver was said here must be kept secret .
give youwhatever you want.
give youwhat you want .
小結1: wh-ever與wh-引導的名詞性從句在語法結構上___不同，可以引導不同名詞性從句_____,在意義上___類似_______，有___無論。。。_______的意思。
體會例題
1. It is a rule in his family that_____ comes home earlier should cook the dinner for the family.
A. anybody B. who C. who thatD. whoever
2. I think the doctor is able to care for_____ is the matter with your son.
A. allB. whatC. whateverD. anything
3. The wild flowers are so special that I would do _____ I can to save them.
A. whateverB. that C. which D. whichever
觀察、體會與思考：以下從句都是什麼從句?(B級)
ver breaks the law should be punished .
ver breaks the law , he should be punished .
3.__no___ matter_ who_breaks the law , he should be punished .
小結2：
wh-ever既可以引導___名詞性_______從句，又可以引導_讓步狀語________從句.引導名詞性從句時相當於名詞+定語從句;引導讓步狀語從句時相當於_____no matter__+特殊疑問詞___________.
[能力激活5]
觀察、體會與總結：
her well go camping tomorrowdepends on the weather.
2. Her ability has never been in doubt --- the question iswhether he is prepared to work hard.
depends onwhether we will have enough money.
4.I dont know whether to join the army or to find a job after my graduation .
5 doesnt t matterwhether he s come back or not.?
小結：名詞性從句只用whether的幾種情況：(C級)
1.引導___主語_____從句時，不用if.
2.做___介詞後___的賓語從句時
3.與___or___和____or not__連用時.
熱點三：幾點特殊用法
[能力激活6]
思考:想一想it在名詞性從句中起到什麼作用?(B級)
1. ______ is reported that he will return to his hometown soon.
A WhatB ItC As D That
2. I made _____ clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.
A this B that C themD it
小結
1:.在名詞性從句中，當主語從句置後時，要使用___it___主語。(A級)
2.在如果賓語從句後邊還有賓語補足語，則用it作__形式_____賓語而將賓語從句放於句末.(A級)
3. I hate_____ when people talk with their mouths full.(A級)
A itB that C these D them
Exercise :(C級)
1.很遺憾他竟然犯了那樣一個錯誤。
it is a pity that he should have made such a mistake._
2.我認爲學好英語很重要
I think it is important that _we should learn English well.
[能力激活7]：學以致用(D級)
1. __IT____ is known to us__THAT__ the moon travels around the earth every month.
2. ____WHAT__is known to us is __THAT__the moon travels around the earth every month.
3. __AS___ is known to everyone , the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. What B. It C. that D. As
高考英語語法學習之名詞性從句
學習指導：
1.名詞性從句的定義：
在句子中起到_________作用的句子叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當於___________________,它在複合句中能夠擔 任_________、_______________、_____________、________________等，因此根據它在句子中不同的語 法功能，名詞性從句又可分爲______________從句，______________從句，______________從 句，______________從句四大類。
答案：名詞，名詞詞組，主語，賓語，(動詞後賓語及介詞後賓語)，表語，同位語;
分爲__主語____________從句，________賓語______從句，______表語________從句，_____同位語_________從句四大類。
2.思維探究。
觀察一：觀察以下句子，判斷是那一類的名詞性從句，並指出該名詞性從句的引導詞。
{C}{C}(13){C}{C}Who he is doesnt concern me.
{C}{C}(14){C}{C}What he said is unbelievable.
{C}{C}(15){C}{C}Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.
{C}{C}(16){C}{C}When we will hold the sports meet is still unknown.
{C}{C}(17){C}{C}How he got in touch with Tom is not clear.
{C}{C}(18){C}{C}That light travels faster than sound is known to us all.
{C}{C}(19){C}{C}Whether she likes the present is not clear to me.
以上從句爲名詞性從句中_____________(類)，引導詞可以有：____________________________________________________________________________
其中請將第(6)句轉換爲It做形式主語：
____________________________________________________________________________
其中請將第(7)句轉換爲It做形式主語：
____________________________________________________________________________
Whether和if引導主語從句有什麼區別?
____________________________________________________________________________
What和that引導主語從句有什麼區別?
____________________________________________________________________________
Whoever breaks the lawshould be published .
Watever was said here must be kept secret .
此類引導詞引導的從句也是______________從句，意思中包含有:_____________
答案：主語從句，引導詞有who, what, where ,when ,why ,how ,whether ,that,whatever,whoever,however.
{C}{C}6.{C}It is known to us all that light travels faster than sound.
{C}{C}7.{C}it is not clear to me Whether/if she likes the present.此時whether和if均可。
Whether和if引導主語從句有什麼區別?
引導主語從句表是否只能用whether，轉換爲it做形式主語時候whether和if都可以。
What和that引導主語從句有什麼區別?
what引導主語從句，what在主語從句中做成份，如句子(2)，that在主語從句中不做成份，如句子(6)但是此時that也不能省略。例如：That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
you needis more practice .
he needed a lot of moneymade us surprised.
Whoever breaks the lawshould be published .
Watever was said here must be kept secret .
此類引導詞引導的從句也是_主語從句____從句，意思中包含有:___無論._
觀察二：觀察以下句子，判斷是那一類的名詞性從句，並指出該名詞性從句的引導詞。
{C}{C}(20){C}{C}I hope (that) everything is all right./I am glad that everything is all right.
{C}{C}(21){C}{C}I wonder why she refused my invitation.
{C}{C}(22){C}{C}I cant imagine what made him act like that.
{C}{C}(23){C}{C}I want to know when we will hold the sports meet.
{C}{C}(24){C}{C}Im interested in whether youve finished the work.
(13)Im interested in what youve said.
(14)They dont know whether to go there.
以上從句爲名詞性從句中_____________(類)，引導詞可以有：____________________________________________________________________________
Whether和if引導賓語從句有什麼區別：
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
What和that引導賓語語從句有什麼區別?
____________________________________________________________________________
注意一：語序問題範例：賓語從句後的語序要使用_________加上__________________語序。
(1)d you kindly tell me _____?
A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station
C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
D. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
(2). These photographs will show you _____.
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
注意二：其中有兩個特例是我們要特別注意的：
She asked me whats the matter with the machine.
She asked me whats wrong with the machine.
因爲whats the matter,whats wrong本身就是____________________語序。
注意三：觀察以下句子，說出兩者的區別：_____________________________
______________________________________________________
Ill give youwhatever you want.
Ill give youwhat you want .
注意四：The teacher said that Tom had done a good job and that he would make greater progress in the future.
此句子中第一個that和第二個that能不能省略?
______________________________________________________
答案：以上從句爲名詞性從句中_____賓語從句________(類)，引導詞可以有：____that,why,when,how,what,whether/if,_whatever,____
whether與if都可以引導賓語從句，常可互換。但下面情況不能互換。
①賓語從句是否定句時，只用if，不用whether。
e.g. I wonder if it doesnt rain.
②用if會引起誤解，就要用whether。
e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成if，容易當成條件句理解)
③賓語從句中的whether與or not直接連用，就不能換成if;不直接連用，可換。
e.g. I dont know whether or not the report is true.
I dont know whether/ if the report is true or not.
語序問題範例：賓語從句後的語序要使用_____特殊疑問詞____加上_____陳述句_____________語序。
Would you kindly tell me _____?
A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station
C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
D. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
(2). These photographs will show you _____.
A. what does our village look likeB. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
其中有兩個特例是我們要特別注意的：
She asked me whats the matter with the machine.
She asked me whats wrong with the machine.
因爲whats the matter,whats wrong本身就是___陳述句_________________語序。
注意四：The teacher said that Tom had done a good job and that he would make greater progress in the future.
此句子中第一個that和第二個that能不能省略?
第一個that能夠省略，第二個不能省略
觀察三：觀察以下句子，判斷是那一類的名詞性從句，並指出該名詞性從句的引導詞。
(15)The fact is that we have lost the game.
(16)the question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
(17)the problem is how we should carry out the plan.
(18)the question is whether the film is worth seeing.
(19)the reason why he was late was that he missed the buy by one minute this morning.
(20)my suggestion is that we (should)tell him the truth.
They dont know whether to go there.
以上從句爲名詞性從句中_____________(類)，引導詞可以有：____________________________________________________________________________
Whether和if引導表語從句有什麼區別：
____________________________________________________________________________
What和that引導表語從句有什麼區別?
____________________________________________________________________________
當主語爲reason時，引導詞一般只能使用______而不用because。
當主語爲 ___________________________________________________________________建議，要 求，命令，請求這一類詞語的時候，標語從句的謂語要使用____________________________________。
答案：以上從句爲名詞性從句中___表語從句__________(類)，引導詞可以有：_____what/that/whether /when/how/why/_______________________________________________________________________
Whether和if引導表語從句有什麼區別：
引導表語從句一般只用whether，不用if。
What和that引導表語從句有什麼區別?
What擔當成份，that不但當但是也不能去掉，例如The fact is that we have lost the game.
當主語爲reason時，引導詞一般只能使用__that____而不用because。(19)the reason why he was late was that he missed the buy by one minute this morning.
當主語爲advice,_ order, suggestion,___等______建議，要求，命令，請求這一類詞語的時候，標語從句的謂語要使用should+動詞原形。
觀察四：同位語從句
同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位於該名詞(如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之後，說明該名詞的具體內容。
e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
同位語從句中that引導詞與定語從句中that區別
The father made a promise that he will buy his son a new car.______從句
The father broke his promise (which/that) he made last week. _____從句
答案：觀察四：同位語從句
同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位於該名詞(如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之後，說明該名詞的具體內容。
e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
同位語從句中that引導詞與定語從句中that區別
The father made a promise that he will buy his son a new car.__同位語____從句
The father broke his promise (which/that) he made last week. __定語___從句
綜合類思維探究：
熱點一.語序與時態：
[能力激活1]：
想一想：名詞性從句中的語序要注意什麼問題?
1. No one can be sure _____in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____.
A he is B who he is C who is it D who it is
小結：不管主句是肯定句、否定句還是疑問句,名詞性從句總是使用_____________語序。.
went up to see ________ with her.
A what was the matter B what is the matter
C what the matter was D what the matter is
[能力激活2]：
想一想：賓語從句中的時態應如何與主句時態保持相應的一致?
police found that the house _____ and a lot of things _____.
broken into; has been stolen broken into; had been stolen
been broken into; stolen been broken into; stolen
were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon.
A. leaves B. would leave left
3. I dont know when_____, but if he _____, Ill let you know.
A. he comes , will come B he will come , will come
C he will come, comes D he comes, comes
感悟疑點:
He has come, but I didnt know that he _____ until yesterday.
A is coming B will come C was coming D wasnt coming
熱點二.連接詞的選擇
[能力激活3]
觀察與思考：that與what的用法有什麼不同?
you needis more practice .
he needed a lot of moneymade us surprised.
gy iswhat makes things work.
a is no longerwhat it used to be .
impressed me mostwas that he was always patient with children.
6. He told me(that ) she was illandthat her mother wouldnt let her go.
7. Word camethat our team won the game .
歸納：(C級)
和what都可以引導名詞性從句。
是連接代詞，引導名詞性從句，在從句中(有/無)實在意義，(做/不做)成分,(能/不能)省。
是連接詞，在從句中(有/無)實在意義，僅起連接作用，(做/不做)成分,;引導賓語從句時(能/不能)省略，但引導多個賓語從句時，只有第___個that可以省略。在引導主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時that一般(能/不能)省略。
感悟疑點：(C級)
1. AfterYang Liweisucceeded in circling the earth, _____ our astronauts desire to do is walking in space.
A where B what C that D how
2. They lost their way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. that B it C what D which
3. _____ no one likes his ideas is not strange at all.(A級)
A. What B How C When D That
4. _____ made the school proud was _____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key university.
A. What; because B What; that C That; what D That; because
5.. Word has came _____some American guests will come for a visit.
A. what B. that C. whether D. when
6. He told us _____ his father had died and ____ he had to live alone.(B級)
A that, / B /, that C what,/ D / , what
[能力激活4]
觀察與思考：在名詞性從句中whever與wh---有什麼異同?
ver breaks the lawshould be published .
ver was said here must be kept secret .
give youwhatever you want.
give youwhat you want .
小結1: wh-ever與wh-引導的名詞性從句在語法結構上________,在意義上__________，有__________的意思。(B級)
體會例題
1. It is a rule in his family that_____ comes home earlier should cook the dinner for the family.(C級)
A. anybody B. who C. who that D. whoever
2. I think the doctor is able to care for_____ is the matter with your son.(B級)A. all B. what C. whatever D. anything
3. The wild flowers are so special that I would do _____ I can to save them.(A級)
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever
觀察、體會與思考：以下從句都是什麼從句?(B級)
ver breaks the law should be punished .
ver breaks the law , he should be punished .
3._____ _____ _____breaks the law , he should be punished .
小結2：
wh-ever既可以引導__________從句，又可以引導_________從句.引導名詞性從句時相當於名詞+定語從句;引導讓步狀語從句時相當於__________________.
[能力激活5]
觀察、體會與總結：
her well go camping tomorrowdepends on the weather.
2. Her ability has never been in doubt --- the question iswhether he is prepared to work hard.
depends onwhether we will have enough money.
4.I dont know whether to join the army or to find a job after my graduation .
5 doesnt t matterwhether he s come back or not.?
小結：名詞性從句只用whether的幾種情況：(C級)
1.引導________從句時，不用if.
2.做______的賓語從句時
3.與______和______連用時.
熱點三：幾點特殊用法
[能力激活6]
思考:想一想it在名詞性從句中起到什麼作用?(B級)
1. ______ is reported that he will return to his hometown soon.
A What B It C As D That
2. I made _____ clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.
A this B that C them D it
小結
1:.在名詞性從句中，當主語從句置後時，要使用______主語。(A級)
2.在如果賓語從句後邊還有賓語補足語，則用it作_______賓語而將賓語從句放於句末.(A級)
3. I hate_____ when people talk with their mouths full.(A級)
A it B that C these D them
Exercise :(C級)
1.很遺憾他竟然犯了那樣一個錯誤。
_________________________________________
2.我認爲學好英語很重要
____________________________________.
[能力激活7]：學以致用(D級)
1. ______ is known to us ____ the moon travels around the earth every month.
2. ______ is known to us is ____the moon travels around the earth every month.
3. _____ is known to everyone , the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. What B. It C. that D. As
參考答案：
綜合類思維探究：
熱點一.語序與時態：
[能力激活1]：
想一想：名詞性從句中的語序要注意什麼問題?
1. No one can be sure _____in a million years.
A. what man will look likeB. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____.
A he is B who he is C who is itD who it is
小結：不管主句是肯定句、否定句還是疑問句,名詞性從句總是使用_____陳述句________語序。.
went up to see ________ with her.
A what was the matterB what is the matter
C what the matter was D what the matter is
[能力激活2]：
想一想：賓語從句中的時態應如何與主句時態保持相應的一致?
police found that the house _____ and a lot of things _____.
broken into; has been stolen broken into; had been stolen
been broken into; been broken into; stolen
were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon.
A. leavesB. would left
3. I dont know when_____, but if he _____, Ill let you know.
A. he comes , will come B he will come , will come
C he will come, comesD he comes, comes
感悟疑點:
He has come, but I didnt know that he _____ until yesterday.
A is coming B will comeC was comingD wasnt coming
熱點二.連接詞的選擇
[能力激活3]
觀察與思考：that與what的用法有什麼不同?
you needis more practice .
he needed a lot of moneymade us surprised.
gy iswhat makes things work.
a is no longerwhat it used to be .
impressed me mostwas that he was always patient with children.
6. He told me(that ) she was illandthat her mother wouldnt let her go.
7. Word camethat our team won the game .
歸納：(C級)
和what都可以引導名詞性從句。
是連接代詞，引導名詞性從句，在從句中(有/無)實在意義，(做/不做)成分,(能/不能)省。
是連接詞，在從句中(有/無)實在意義，僅起連接作用，(做/不做)成分,;引導賓語從句時(能/不能)省略，但引導多個賓語從句時，只有第___個that可以省略。在引導主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時that一般(能/不能)省略。
感悟疑點：(C級)
1. AfterYang Liweisucceeded in circling the earth, _____ our astronauts desire to do is walking in space.
A whereB whatC that D how
2. They lost their way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. that B itC whatD which
3. _____ no one likes his ideas is not strange at all.
A. What B How C WhenD That
4. _____ made the school proud was _____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key university.
A. What; becauseB What; thatC That; what D That; because
5.. Word has came _____some American guests will come for a visit.
A. whatB. thatC. whether D. when
6. He told us _____ his father had died and ____ he had to live alone.
A that, /B /, thatC what,/ D / , what
[能力激活4]
觀察與思考：在名詞性從句中whever與wh---有什麼異同?
ver breaks the lawshould be published .
ver was said here must be kept secret .
give youwhatever you want.
give youwhat you want .
小結1: wh-ever與wh-引導的名詞性從句在語法結構上___不同，可以引導不同名詞性從句_____,在意義上___類似_______，有___無論。。。_______的意思。
體會例題
1. It is a rule in his family that_____ comes home earlier should cook the dinner for the family.
A. anybody B. who C. who thatD. whoever
2. I think the doctor is able to care for_____ is the matter with your son.
A. allB. whatC. whatever D. anything
3. The wild flowers are so special that I would do _____ I can to save them.
A. whateverB. that C. which D. whichever
觀察、體會與思考：以下從句都是什麼從句?(B級)
ver breaks the law should be punished .
ver breaks the law , he should be punished .
3.__no___ matter_ who_breaks the law , he should be punished .
小結2：
wh-ever既可以引導___名詞性_______從句，又可以引導_讓步狀語________從句.引導名詞性從句時相當於名詞+定語從句;引導讓步狀語從句時相當於_____no matter__+特殊疑問詞___________.
[能力激活5]
觀察、體會與總結：
her well go camping tomorrowdepends on the weather.
2. Her ability has never been in doubt --- the question iswhether he is prepared to work hard.
depends onwhether we will have enough money.
4.I dont know whether to join the army or to find a job after my graduation .
5 doesnt t matterwhether he s come back or not.?
小結：名詞性從句只用whether的幾種情況：(C級)
1.引導___主語_____從句時，不用if.
2.做___介詞後___的賓語從句時
3.與___or___和____or not__連用時.
熱點三：幾點特殊用法
[能力激活6]
思考:想一想it在名詞性從句中起到什麼作用?(B級)
1. ______ is reported that he will return to his hometown soon.
A WhatB ItC As D That
2. I made _____ clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.
A this B that C themD it
小結
1:.在名詞性從句中，當主語從句置後時，要使用___it___主語。(A級)
2.在如果賓語從句後邊還有賓語補足語，則用it作__形式_____賓語而將賓語從句放於句末.(A級)
3. I hate_____ when people talk with their mouths full.(A級)
A itB that C these D them
Exercise :(C級)
1.很遺憾他竟然犯了那樣一個錯誤。
it is a pity that he should have made such a mistake._
2.我認爲學好英語很重要
I think it is important that _we should learn English well.
[能力激活7]：學以致用(D級)
1. __IT____ is known to us__THAT__ the moon travels around the earth every month.
2. ____WHAT__is known to us is __THAT__the moon travels around the earth every month.
3. __AS___ is known to everyone , the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. What B. It C. that D. As
