四級翻譯預測：中國飲食文化
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中國飲食文化
01
在中國的南方和北方，飲食差異很大，也就是說，北方廚師（chef）所烹飪的菜餚口味更重，而在南方的食譜（recipe）中，菜餚的味道相對清淡。
有時我們說南方菜餚的美味在於它的甜度和新鮮。在中國的一些省份，如寧夏、河北、四川、陝西和雲南，餐食多爲辣味，這是由於溼冷的天氣和高海拔（high altitude）所導致的。
人們認爲出汗是預防溼冷氣候導致的疾病的一個好方法。
參考譯文：
There is a big difference about the diets between Northern and Southern China, that is, the dishes made by Northern chefs are in heavier taste and those arecomparably light in Southern chefs' recipes.
Sometimes, we say it is tasty as sweet and fresh in Southern dishes. In some provinces of China like Ningxia, Hebei, Sichuan, Shaanxi and Yunnan, the diets are made hot and spicy because of the humid cold weather and high altitude.
People believe that to sweat is a good method for preventing diseases caused by humidity and cold.
難點點撥：
1.“飲食差異很大”可譯爲There is a big difference about the diets;“也就是說”可譯爲that is;“口味更重”可譯爲in heavier taste;“相對清淡”可譯爲comparably light。
2.“美味在於它的甜度和新鮮”可譯爲it is taste as sweet and fresh。
3.“餐食多爲辣味”可譯爲the diets are made hot and spicy。
4.“預防溼冷氣候導致的疾病的一個好方法”可譯爲a good method for preventing diseases caused by humidity and cold。
中國飲食文化
02
中國飲食文化（dining）可以追溯到幾千年前。從秦朝開始，典型的飯菜結構就是以米飯爲主，輔以少量肉類和蔬菜。
幾千年的創意積累和廣泛的地方菜餚交流不僅帶來了各種美食，也豐富了烹飪手段和食材選擇，其中有令外國人目瞪口呆的狗肉、豬血甚至昆蟲。
現代中國美食享譽世界，筷子和餃子是外國人熟悉的中國飲食文化的象徵，一些其他的節日特色食品，例如月餅，也逐漸爲人所知。
參考譯文：
The Chinese dining culture can be traced back millenniums. Ever since the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, a typical meal has been composed mainly of rice, supplemented by small amounts of meat and some vegetables.
Over the thousands of years, the accumulated creative ideas and extensive exchanges of regional diets have not only given rise to various kinds of delicious foods, but also enriched the culinary arts and increased food choices—including dog meat, pig blood and even insects, which stunned some foreigners.
Contemporary Chinese cuisines are globally-renowned; chopsticks and jiaozi, which are familiar to foreigners, have become symbols of Chinese dining culture, and some special festival-related foods such as the mooncake are gradually becoming known.
難點點撥：
1.“可以追溯到幾千年前”還有其他表達方法，如date back thousands of years，can be traced back to millennia ago。
2.“結構以……爲主”可以譯成be composed mainly of或者deal mainly with。在compose of，deal with與副詞連用時，有些考生往往將副詞放在整個詞組之外，如be mainly composed of，mainly deal with，其實將副詞插入詞組中間更地道。
3.“輔以少量肉食和菜蔬”可以作爲後置定語成分，譯成supplemented by small amounts of meat and some vegetables。
4.在翻譯“不僅……也/而且……”這樣的結構時，一定要注意結構平衡。此處此處如果譯成not only have given rise to various kinds of delicious foods，but also enriched…，其結構就不對稱了。
5.“令外國人目瞪口呆的”這個修飾語比較複雜，故將其處理成後置定語，可以譯成make foreigners surprised/stunned，但譯成stun foreigners則更簡明。
6.表達“象徵”時，考生可能會想到三個近義詞：sign，signal，symbol，但往往分不清他們的區別。sign表示“記號，標記，徵兆”，用法最廣，常指符號，例如the mathematical signs（數學符號）。signal表示“信號”，常指用於傳達某些信息的信號，也指燈光、聲音或信號標誌，例如the traffic signals“交通信號”。symbol表示“象徵，符號”，指被人們選出的物體或圖案，用來代表另一事物，並作爲該事物的標記或象徵，例如A Benz car is a symbol of wealth（奔馳車是財富的象徵）。綜上，此處應選用symbol。
7.在翻譯“一些其他的節日特色食品，例如月餅”時，有的考生可能會將定語後置，譯成some other foods that are characteristic of some special festivals such as the mooncake，但這種譯法後置定語過長，會導致the mooncake距離foods太遠，不便於讀者理解。一般說來，在修飾語數量不多的時候，建議優先考慮前置定語。
8.漢語具有一定的模糊性，對動詞的時態，不同讀者有時會有不同的解讀。原中文中的“也逐漸爲人所知”可能是現在進行時，也可能是現在完成時，翻譯時除了可使用以上參考譯文中的現在進行時are gradually becoming known，也可以使用現在完成時：have gradually become known。
