雅思閱讀技巧之省略法
在雅思閱讀考試中，文章常會出現部分省略，讓考生頭疼不已。今天滬江小編爲大家帶來雅思閱讀技巧中的省略法，供大家更好的學習。
通常，英語句子中的某些成分因上下文已提供了充分明確的信息而不必出現，或前面已出現的某些成分，爲了避免不必要的重複，可以不再出現而不致引起誤解或歧義，這種語言現象就叫做省略。例如：Glad to see you.這是個簡單句，主語I和謂語am可以省略。再如：London is on the Themes, and Paris on the Seine.這是一個並列複合句，後半句省略了謂語動詞is，因爲前面已經出現過，後面不必重複。英譯漢時，爲了使譯文明確達意，符合漢語習慣，要在正確理解原文的基礎上，對原文中省略的部分或保留或補全，或對其進行靈活處理。我們看下面例子：
1. All that a man has to say or do that can possibly concern mankind, is in some shape or other to tell the story of his love ‐ to sing, and if he is fortunate and keeps alive, he will be forever in love.
譯文：一個人應該說的或做的，只要關係到人類，那麼都是以這樣或那樣的形式來講述乃至謳歌自己的愛的故事;而且，如果他是幸運的、有活力的，他將永遠是充滿愛的。
要點：本句是由and連接在一起的並列句。前一個分句的主幹是All……is……to tell the story…… ‐ to sing. all後面有兩個that引導的定語從句，第一個that從句修飾all，第二個that指代其前的that從句，翻譯時可表條件。to sing放在破折號之後，用以加強語氣，其後可視爲省略了賓語the story of his love, to tell和to sing是並列關係。
2. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
譯文：隨着家庭成員與他們穩定的社區、多年的老友和大家庭的親屬關係相分離，非正式的信息渠道被切斷了，而那種在需要時就能得到真實可靠信息的信心也丟失了。
要點：本句位並列句，前一個分句帶一個As引導的狀語從句，狀語從句中move away from後爲並列平行結構their ……，their……，their……在and後的分句中，the confidence省略了is cut off，it指的是信息被切斷的情況。
3. It is quite unnerving not to be able to see or to establish contact with the other person, even though we have learnt to have conversations with people we cannot see, as on the telephone.
譯文：即使我們適應了像打一樣在互相看不見的情況下談話，這種看不見或接觸不到對方的談話也會使人感到很不自在。
要點：這是複合句。主句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是不定式短語not to be able to see or to establish contact with the other person.在狀語從句中as是連詞，意思是“正如…一樣”，as後面省去了we have conversations.翻譯時採用逆序法，把even though引導的讓步狀語從句放到句首。unnerving：使人不知所措使人失去自信。
4. Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun.
譯文：事實上，除了像地球這樣圍繞太陽旋轉的行星以外，我們不知道是否在其他類型的天體上也有適合生命存在的條件。
要點：這是複合句。in which引導定語從句，修飾astronomical body.介詞except引起的短語作狀語。在介詞短語like our own後面省略了planet. Revolving爲現在分詞短語作定語，修飾our own planet.翻譯時根據漢語習慣，將狀語提前譯出。
5. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers.
譯文：20世紀已婚女性走出家門參加工作人數的增加主要是因爲她們自己的經濟需要，還與高結婚率使可參加工作的單身女工人數減少有關，而與家務機械化、婦女空閒時間增多關係不大。
要點：這是主從複合句。其主句的謂語動詞是had less to do with…… than……，意爲“主要與…有關，而不是與…有關”，因爲句子結構比較清晰，省略了句子的並列部分，如在had less to do with the mechanization of housework and (with)an increase in leisure time省略了with;在……than it did with their own economic necessity and ( it did )with high marriage rates省略了it did.句中that引導的定語從句修飾high marriage rates.翻譯時採用融合法，把重要的部分放在句首。
6. The European Union is an imperfect creature, with some of its actions based on fine principles of political economy and some on poor ones.
譯文：歐盟是不完善的機構，它的一些舉措是基於正確的政治經濟原則之上的，而另一些卻遠非如此。
要點：這是簡單句。句中with some of its actions based on fine principles是獨立主格結構，作狀語。因爲與前一部分結構相同，句子後一部分省略了(with)some (of its actions based)on poor ones括號中的詞。翻譯時採用順序法，對省略部分也要進行相應省略，以使句子表達簡潔。
7. To Americans, being on one's own suggests that one is a fully independent and functioning part of the whole capable and willing to make choices.
譯文：對美國人而言，依靠自己的力量就是指這個人作爲整體的一部分是完全獨立並能起作用的，他有能力也願意做出選擇。
要點：這是複合句，that引導賓語從句，其中capable and willing to make choices可以被看作賓語從句中的並列表語(其前省略了is)。翻譯時採用順序法。
以上就是滬江小編分享的雅思閱讀技巧之省略法，大家都掌握了嗎?希望這些內容能夠切實幫助到大家。如果大家想要了解更多雅思閱讀技巧，歡迎關注滬江網。
