雅思寫作 讓步段系統小結

       一、 五段式中用於第三個主體段

在五段式的大作文中，三個主體段一般都是以“單邊”的方式，“一邊倒”的支持某一個觀點。而若將最後一個主體段寫成讓步段，不僅可以照顧到反方的論點，而且更有利於進一步支持和強化本段的觀點，從而起到強化論述的效果：

Obviously， not every celebrity is generous. Some， I am sure， keep all their money for themselves. But there are people like Bill Gates who are well known for making donations， attending charitable functions and taking part in a range of activities that support people less fortunate than themselves。

在寫讓步段的時候，我們必須要使用表“轉折”的連詞，常用的有but， however， nevertheless， nonetheless等。有時候我們還可以使用讓步狀語從句來引導讓步段，涉及的連詞有：despite， in spite of， although， though， even though， even if等。在上面這個例子中，我們看到作者用了2個簡單句來描寫反面的觀點，對於用來描寫反面觀點的句子，建議一般以1—3句話爲宜，而轉折後的句子，通常在長度上要超過前面的句子。下面我們再來看一個讓步段：

題目：Very few school children learn about the value of money and how to look after it， yet this is a critical life skill that should be taught as part of the school curriculum. Do you agree with this statement?

It is possibly true that schools could try to make children understand the importance of all these areas， but children are young and cannot look into the future or predict the skills that they will need。

上面這個讓步段非常簡潔，請注意作者使用的句型：“It is possibly true that.……”，這是我們在讓步段裏經常用來開頭的句型。下面我們再來看看如何用讓步狀語從句引導讓步段：

Although watching TV or playing computer games do enrich children‘s spare time and broaden their horizon to some extent， a sedentary lifestyle reduces healthy outdoor activities and will have long-term medical consequences for children. An increasing number of children suffer from obesity and near-sightedness as a result of spending too much time in front of a flashing screen。

在這個段落中，作者使用了讓步狀語從句，在繼續論述“久坐”的生活方式對孩子健康方面的弊端前，先說了一下它的優點，進而反駁，從而起到了鮮明的對比反差效果，突出了這種生活方式對孩子健康造成的巨大傷害。

二、五段式每段都用讓步段

這種寫法屬於非主流寫法，需要考生具備一定的寫作功底，對論點的把握火候得當。這種寫法類似於新託福中綜合寫作裏質疑論據合理性的寫法。對於志在高分的同學來說可以嘗試一下，下面我們就來看一個例子：

Those against the use of animal testing claim that it is inhumane to use animal in experiments. I disagree completely. It would be much more inhumane to test new drugs on children or adults. Even if it were possible， it would also take much longer to see potential effects， because of the length of time we live compared to laboratory animals such as rats or rabbits。

Opponents of animal testing also claim that the results are not applicable to humans. This may be partly true. Some drugs have had to be withdrawn， despite testing. However， we simply do not have alternative methods of testing. Computer models are not advanced enough， and testing on plants is much less applicable to humans than tests on animals such as monkeys. Until we have a better system， we must use animal testing。

A further point often raised against animal testing is that it is cruel. Some of the tests certainly seem painful， but the great majority of people on this planet eat meat or wear leather without any guilt. Where is their sympathy for animals? Furthermore， animals clearly do not feel the same way as humans， and scientists are careful to minimize stress in the animals， since this would damage their research。

這篇作文是關於是否應該拿動物做實驗的話題。作者是支持繼續拿動物做實驗的，在他的每個主體段中，他都是先講了反對者的一個觀點，然後再反駁。請密切關注下作者在每個主體段首句中使用的句型：“Those against.…… claim that.……”：“Opponents of .…… also claim that.……”：“A further point often raised against .…… is that.……”。

前2句爲賓語從句，最後一句爲表語從句。從主語的選擇上作者也花了心思，分別在第一句和第二句使用了不同單詞組合，但是意思是一致的。因此建議大家不妨在一開始寫主體段首句的時候先模仿他的這種寫法。接下來我們再來看看次句的句型：“I disagree completely”：“This may be partly true”：“Some of the .……， but.……”。

這三組句型同樣做到了抑揚頓挫，第一個句子語氣最強，而後二個句子語氣明顯遞減。對於這種安排，筆者認爲並非一定要按照他的模式，這取決於你在三個段落中的觀點的排列，但是一般來說，語氣最強的或者最重要的那個觀點，要麼放在第一段寫，要麼放到最後一段裏寫。筆者推薦將最重要的觀點放在第一個主體段裏論述。

綜上所述，讓步段已經儼然成爲了目前五段式大作文的常用段落髮展方式，希望以上的討論對大家在寫讓步段時有所啓迪。