2023年6月英語六級閱讀理解模擬真題及答案（2）

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Aimlessness hashardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmonyare the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese areseeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago youngpeople were hard-working and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being,but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don'tknow where they should go next。

The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of womeninto the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agerswho are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbingJapan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, itwas found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied withschool life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. Inaddition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobsthan did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed。

While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics,Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning overcreativity and self-expression。“Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality,ability, courage or humanity―are completely ignored,” says Toshiki Kaifu,chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee。“Frustrationagainst this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild。” Last yearJapan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults onteachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return tothe prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was theneducation minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reformsintroduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarⅡhadweakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents。”

But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. “ In Japan,” sayseducator Yoko Muro,“it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life,but only how much you can endure。” With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent ofJapan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extendedfamily have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households.Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work)and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken,the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorcerate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by morethan 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter。

23. In the Westerners’ eyes, the postwar Japan was_____。

[A]under aimless development

[B]a positive example

[C]a rival to the West

[D]on the decline

24. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible forthe moral decline of Japanese society?

[A]Women's participation in social activities is limited。

[B]More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs。

[C]Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics。

[D]The life-style has been influenced by Western values。

25. Which of the following is true according to the author?

[A]Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb thesocial ladder

[B]Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning aswell as creativity。

[C]More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity。

[D]Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking。

26. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the factthat____。

[A]the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life。

[B]the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S。

[C]the Japanese endure more than ever before

[D]the Japanese appreciate their present life

解析

23. In the Westerners’eyes, the postwar Japan was_____.

在西方人看來，戰後的日本是_____。

[A]under aimless development 盲目發展

[B]a positive example 一個積極的例子

[C]a rival to the West 西方的競爭對手

[D]on the decline 在衰退中

【答案】 B

【考點】 事實細節題。

【分析】 文章第一段第一句就指出，“盲目性不是戰後日本的特色，它的生產率和社會的和諧爲美國和歐洲所羨慕。”也就是說是一個積極的正面的例子。[A]違反了第一句。[C]選項和[D]選項不是本文談論的話題。

24. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for themoral decline of Japanese society?

根據本文作者的觀點，日本社會道德滑坡的主要原因是什麼?

[A] Women's participation in social activities is limited.

婦女參加社會活動受到限制。

[B] More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs。

越來越多的工人對自己的工作感到不滿。

[C] Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics。

過多地注重基礎教育。

[D] The life-style has been influenced by Western values。

生活方式受西方價值觀的影響。

【答案】 D

【考點】 事實細節題。

【分析】 文中第一段指出日本人正在逐漸經歷傳統工作道德價值觀的日益滑坡，說“十年前，年輕人工作努力，將工作看作是生存(being)的重要動力”，但是，日本目前在很大程度上滿足了其經濟發展的需要，年輕人反而不知道下一步的發展目標了。具體提到道德滑坡是在第三段，文中提到校園暴力，提到“保守黨領導人正在力圖重新重視戰前那種道德教育”，“Mitsuo Setoyama”更是冒出“驚人之語”(raise the eyebrows)，他堅持認爲二戰後美國佔領當局引進的自由改革削弱了“日本人尊敬父母的道德觀”。而在下文，作者更是直接提出，“但是，這可能和日本人的生活方式關係更大。人們已經拋棄了社區和大家庭，而更加喜歡單門獨戶的兩代人構成的家庭，舊的集體和家庭價值觀被削弱”。由此可見，本題的答案就是[D]選項。

25. Which of the following is true according to the author?

在作者看來，以下哪一個是正確的?

[A] Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb thesocial ladder。

日本的教育受人稱道，因爲它有助於年輕人攀登社會階梯。

[B] Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning aswell as creativity。

日本教育的特點就是既有機械性的學習又有創造力的培養。

[C] More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity。

應該更加強調創造力的培養上。

[D] Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking。

輟學導致了對應試的挫折感。

【答案】 C

【考點】 作者觀點題。

【分析】 [A]說法是錯誤的，因爲日本的教育受到外國人讚賞的原因是“它強調整礎教育”。[B]說法是錯誤的，因爲文中提到“它強調考試和機械學習而不是創造性和自我表現”。[C]是正確的，因爲文中提到“它強調考試和機械學習超過創造性和自我表現”。“那些在考分中不能體現的東西——個性、能力、勇氣或人性——完全被忽視了，”執政的自民黨教育委員會主席“Toshiki Kaifu”說，“這類事情造成的挫折致使孩子輟學以及變得狂野”，這說明日本應該更加強調創造力的培養。[D]的說法是錯誤的，因爲文中說“這類事情造成的挫折致使孩子輟學以及變得狂野”，該選項故意混淆了原因和結果。

26. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the factthat____.

日本人生活方式的變化體現在下面的一個事實中。

[A] the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life

年輕人對現實生活中困苦的忍受力下降

[B] the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S。

日本的離婚率超過美國的

[C] the Japanese endure more than ever before

日本人忍受的東西比以前更多了

[D] the Japanese appreciate their present life

日本人欣賞他們目前的生活

【答案】 A

【考點】 事實細節題。

【分析】 文中提到教育家“YokoMuro”。他說“在日本，你喜歡不喜歡自己的工作和生活，這從來都不是問題，問題是你有多大的承受力”。然後在最後一段裏面提到“家庭結構的改變，舊的集體和家庭價值觀的削弱，人們的不滿凸現”。也就是說“日本人以前默默地忍受生活的困苦，但是，現在年輕的日本人覺得這種犧牲太大，對此產生了逆反情緒”。因此可以判定“日本人的生活方式的變化體現年輕人對現實生活中的困苦忍受力下降”。[B]的說法是錯誤的，因爲根據第四段最後一句，“日本人的離婚率仍然低於美國人的”。[C]在文中找不到很據。[D]可以根據“最近一次調查發現只有24.5%的日本學生對學校生活完全滿意，相比之下，美國學生的比例是62.7%。此外，與被調查的其他10個國家的工人相比，對自身工作表示不滿的日本工人多得多”進行排除。

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