英語長句的翻譯技巧
英語長句是很複雜的句子，很多人覺得在翻譯長句時很是吃力。那麼英語長句有哪些翻譯方法媕娿?下面由本站小編爲大家整理的英語長句的翻譯技，希望大家喜歡!
1.順譯法
順譯法是指在處理一些敘述層次依次相連，跟漢語相近的長句時，按原句的自然順序進行翻譯，並根據具體情況，適當增加或省略有關的連接詞。例如：
例一：Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation.
聽衆的眼神可以表明，演說過於拖沓，演說者在某一點上講的太多，或者在某一點上還需要作進一步的解釋。
例二：But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology.
但是藝術歷史注意的不僅僅是這些，因爲藝術反映的不單是一個民族的政治價值觀,而且還有他們的宗教信仰、情感和心理特點。
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2.倒譯法
有時英語長句的結構層次與漢語相反，要從英語原文的後面譯起，自下而上，顛倒次序進行翻譯。一般來說，英語長句不符合漢語習慣的情況比較多，所以在翻譯實踐中，倒譯通常要多於順譯。
例一：It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficient to supply world economy which would have grown by 500 percent .
如果世界經濟真的以5倍於現有的速度增長，那麼原材料的儲備是否能充分滿足其需求，尚不得而知。
例二：And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.
由於受到頑強抵抗，吹噓能在幾個小時內就佔領戰略要地的敵人甚至還沒有能佔領外圍地帶，這一事實使我增強了信心。
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3.分譯法
當英語長句中的主句與從句、或介詞短語及分詞短語等所修飾的詞與詞之間的關係不是很密切，並且各具有相對的獨立意義時,可根據漢語一個小句表達一層意思的習慣，對原文的各個意思層進行分解，再按時間順序、邏輯順序安排，可增減適當的詞語以便於短句之間的銜接。例如：
例一：The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimulation as the basis of their behavior.
行爲主義者堅信，人像機器一樣，對環境的刺激作出反應，這是行爲的基礎。
例二：A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body's needs but also to produce milk for her fawns.
一隻成熟健壯的母鹿，在11 月份懷胎，5 月底或6 月初生下兩隻幼鹿，這時她必須尋找食物以獲得必要的能量，這不僅是爲了滿足自身的需要，也是爲了給幼鹿生產乳汁。
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4.綜合法
有些英語長句順譯或倒譯都不合適，分譯也有困難，這時就應仔細推敲，或按時間先後，或按邏輯順序，有順有倒、有主有次地對全句進行綜合處理。
例一：But without Adolph Hitler, who was possessed of a demoniac personality, a granite will, uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, soaring imagination and until toward the end，when drunk with power and success, he overreached himself an amazing capacity to size up people and situations, there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich.
例二：Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive.
能量是生態系統的貨幣，只有當食物變爲能量，能量再用來獲取更多的食物以供生長、繁殖和生存，生命才成爲可能。
例三：By the middle of the year, he warned, the Soviet Union would overtake the United States in the number of land-based strategic missiles, the result of a massive Soviet effort beginning in the mid-1960s, after the Cuban fiasco, to achieve at least parity and possibly superiority in nuclear weapons.
他警告說，到本年年中蘇聯將在地基戰略導彈的數量上超過美國，因爲蘇聯在古巴事件中失敗後，從60 年代中期起就大力發展導彈，目的是爲了在覈武器方面至少達到同美國均等，併力爭超過美國。
分析英語長句時的方法(1)找出全句的主語、謂語和賓語，從整體上把握句子的結構。
(2)找出句中所有的謂語結構、非謂語動詞、介詞短語和從句的引導詞。
(3)分析從句和短語的功能，例如，是否爲主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句等，若是狀語，它是表示時間、原因、結果、還是表示條件等等。
(4)分析詞、短語和從句之間的相互關係，例如，定語從句所修飾的先行詞是哪一個等。
(5)注意插入語等其他成分。
(6)注意分析句子中是否有固定詞組或固定搭配。
英語長句的翻譯技巧和策略1、 順序操作
英語中，若長句中的各個句子在邏輯關係、表達順序上與漢語一致，可以保留原句的句子結構，順句譯出。“斷句”是翻譯的關鍵。
例1、 But all I could make use of was all that was valuable: I had enough to eat and supply my wants, and what was all the rest to me? If I killed more flesh than I could eat, the dog must eat it, or vermin; if I sowed more corn than I could eat, it must be spoiled; the trees that I cut down were lying to rot on the ground; I could make no more use of them but for fuel, and that I had no occasion for but to dress my food.
譯文：但我只取我所需，只取能爲我所用的：有的吃有的用，我還要那些多餘的幹嘛?如果捕獵過多，我吃不完，只能留給狗吃，或讓害蟲吃掉;如果種糧過多，我吃不了，只能放着腐爛變臭;如果伐木過多，多餘的木材只能扔在地上，任其腐朽，除了當柴火，別無它用，而我也只有做飯時纔會燒柴火。
解析：此句的斷句剛好是各個分號，容易識別。語言較爲簡單，順勢翻譯即可。
2、 句式重構
句式重構就是根據原文的結構，按照漢語敘事的習慣重新組合句子使得漢語行文更加流暢自然。
例2、 It is impossible to express theflutterings of my very heart when I found all my wealth about me: for as the Brazil ships come all in fleets, the same ships which brought my letters brought my goods: and the effects were safe in the river before the letters came to my hand.
譯文： 巴西的船隻編隊航行，其中一艘船帶來了我的信，同時也把我的貨物運載過來了：這封信送達我手中之前，財產已經安全抵達里斯本河了。當我知道我的財富近在眼前時，心中一陣陣激動狂喜之情無法言表。
解析：當然此句也可以按照原文的順序翻譯。但是漢語在很多情況下，按照“原因在前，結果在後”或“前提在前，結論在後”的順序來陳述因果關係的，英語恰恰相反。本句的中調是強調“It is impossible to express the flutterings……”的部分，所以句子結構調整下更爲符合漢語的表達。
例3、 Food manufacturers are flooding the UK with new products in response to rising demand from a population hungry for “something different”.
譯文：英國人極想“嚐鮮“，對新產品的需求與日俱增，針對這種情況，食品生產商們正一個勁兒地向英國市場投放各種新產品。
解析：面對長句，首先應該摸清句子的語義邏輯：a population hungry for “something different”——> in response to rising demand ——>Food manufacturers are flooding the UK with new products。所以應該從後朝前翻譯，對句子進行句式重構。
3、 變詞爲句
英語句子依靠關聯詞在句子中“穿針引線”，邏輯嚴密，但結構複雜。漢語大多分成若干簡短的句子，逐點交待。英漢翻譯時，如含有動賓關係或主謂關係的表達，介詞詞組，名詞詞組等以句子形式翻譯出。
例4、 Time, however, and the satisfaction I had that I was in no danger of being discovered by these people, vegan to wear off my uneasiness about them.
譯文： 然而，隨着時間流逝，我深知自己不會被這些人發現，心裏感到滿足，惶恐不安的情緒也漸漸被驅散了。
解析： 若是直譯，可能會譯爲“然而，時間以及深知不會被這些人發現的滿足心理，把我的不安驅散了”，讀起來十分拗口。此句把“time”變詞爲句，變爲”隨着時間的流逝“。把“the satisfaction……”這句改爲主謂結構，增強譯文可讀性。
