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初中英語語法大全

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語法是語言學的一個分支,研究按確定用法來運用的"詞類"、"詞"的曲折變化或表示相互關係的其他手段以及詞在句中的功能和關係。下面是本站小編給大家整理的初中英語語法,供大家參閱!

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  初中英語語法:some和any的用法

some 的用法

some 一些,某些,某個。可代替名詞和形容詞。常用於肯定句。在句子中用作主語、賓語、定語。作定語時,它可以修飾單數可數名詞和複數可數名詞,也可以修飾不可數名詞。

1. 用於肯定句

Ask some boys to help you.(修飾複數可數名詞)

叫些男孩來幫助你。

Please bring some coffee.(修飾不可數名詞)

請拿些咖啡來。

Ask some girl to come here.(修飾單數可數名詞)

叫(某)個女孩來這兒。

2. some 用於疑問句時表示“請求、邀請或希望得到肯定的回答”。

Would you like some coffee?(表示請求、邀請)

請喝咖啡。

Have you some stamps?(希望得到肯定的回答)

你有郵票吧?

any 的用法

any 一些,任何。可代替名詞和形容詞。常用於否定句或疑問句,也可以用於條件狀語從句。作定語時,它可以修飾複數形式的可數名詞和不可數名詞。

1. 用於疑問句或否定句

Are there any cows in the fields?(修飾複數形式的可數名詞)

田裏有一些牛嗎?

There won't be any trouble.(修飾不可數名詞)

沒有任何麻煩。

2. 用於條件狀語從句

If there is any trouble, let me know.

如果有什麼麻煩,要讓我知道。

3. any 用於肯定句時,通常要重讀,修飾單數可數名詞和不可數名詞。

Any time you want me, just send for me.

什麼時候你需要我,隨時叫我來。

Come any day you like.

只要你喜歡,隨時可以來。

  初中英語語法:動詞不定式

動詞不定式可以作以上各種成分,但它畢竟是動詞,所以有動詞的屬性。

動詞不定式及其短語還可以有自己的賓語、狀語,雖然動詞不定式在語法上沒有表面上的直接主語,但它表達的意義是動作,這一動作一定由使動者發出。這一使動者我們稱之爲 邏輯主語,其形式如下:

(1)語態

如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者,不定式一般要用被動語態形式。如:

It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主語是被動語態to be invited是被邀請)

It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主語)

I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作賓語)

Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定語)

He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作狀語)

在There be結構中,修飾主語的不定式可用被動,也可用主動。如:There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時兩種形式表達的意思不同,如:There is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)

(2)時態

1) 現在時:一般現在時表示的動詞,有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生,有時發生在謂語動詞的動作之後。

He seems to know this.

I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再見到你。

2) 完成時:表示的動作發生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

He seems to have caught a cold.

3) 進行時:表示動作正在進行,與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生。

He seems to be eating something.

4) 完成進行時:

She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

一般在情緒後加to do to do 也表將來

編輯本段疑問詞+不定式結構疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how後可接不定式構成不定式短語,在句中作主語、賓語、表 語等。如:

①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主語)

②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做賓語)

③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做直接賓語)

④The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表語)

以上例句中疑問詞+不定式部分,均可轉換爲相應的從句形式。如:①When we shall leave…③…how I

could learn…

經常在這種結構中使用的動詞有:consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。

編輯本段語法功能一、作主語

動詞不定式作主語時,句子的謂語動詞常用單數,其位置有以下兩種:

(1)把不定式置於句首。如:

To get there by bike will take us half an hour.

(2)用it作形式主語,把真正的主語不定式置於句後,常用於下列句式中。如:

①It+be+名詞+to do

It's our duty to take good care of the old.

②It takes sb+some time+to do

How long did it take you to finish the work?

③It+be+形容詞+for sb+to do

It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an h

It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.

④It seems(appears)+形容詞+to do

It seemed impossible to save money.

在句型③中,常用表示客觀情況的形容詞,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示讚揚或批評的詞。在不定式前的sb,可看作其邏輯主語。這一句式有時相當於Sb is+形容詞+to do句式 ,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.

(3)舉例

(1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了

easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;

the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough

It's so nice to hear your voice.

聽到你的聲音真高興。

It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

當你不用車的時候,鎖車是有必要的。

(2) It's very kind of him to help us. 他幫助我們,他真好。

Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)

例句:

It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。

It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們任何東西,這顯得太自私了。

注意:(1) 其他系動詞如,look,appear等也可用於此句型

(2) 不定式作爲句子成分時,動詞用單數形式。

(3) 當不定式作主語的句子中又有一個不定式作表語時,不能用It is… to…的句型

(對)To see is to believe. 眼見爲實。

(錯)It is to believe to see.

  初中英語語法:動詞不規則變化

A. 原形與過去式和過去分詞完全相同.

cost----cost----cost cut----cut----cut put----put----put

let----let----let set----set----set hit----hit----hit

shut----shut----shut hurt---hurt----hurt read---read----read 讀音 /e/

lie---lied---lied 說謊 lay---laid---laid 放置,下蛋

lay--- lain 躺下,位於,平放

B. 過去式與過去分詞完全相同

1. 過去式和過去分詞中含有ought, aught, 讀音是〔 :t〕

bright----brought----brought think----thought----thought buy----bought----bought

catch----caught----caught teach ---- taught ----taught

2. 動詞原形中的e爲o,變成過去式和過去分詞。

get----got----got sell----sold----sold tell----told----told

3. 動詞原形中i爲a, … sit----sat----sat spit----spat----spat

4. 動詞原形中i爲o, … win----won----won shine----shone/ shined----shone / shined

5. 動詞原形中an爲oo, … stand----stood---stood understand----understood----understood

6. 動詞原形中的ay爲ai,… say----said----said pay----paid----paid

7. a)動詞原形中的d爲t,… send----sent----sent lend----lent----lent

spend----spent----spent build----built----built

b ) 動詞原形最後一個字母改爲t , … smell----smelt----smelt lose----lost----lost

c ) 動詞原形後加一個字母t, … learn----learnt----learnt mean----meant----meant 讀/e/

d ) 動詞原形中的ee去掉一個字母e, 然後在詞尾加t. 字母e發音/e/

feel----felt----felt sleep----slept----slept sweep---swept----swept

keep---- kept----- kept

其它meet----met----met have----had----had hold----held----held

make----made----made dig----dug----dug hear----heard----heard

find----found----found hang----hung ----hung

C.原型與過去分詞相同

come----came----come run----ran----run become----became----become

D. 原形,過去式, 和 過去分詞完全不同

1. 把動詞原形中i改爲a變成過去式,改成u變成過去分詞.

begin ---- began -----begun drink---drank----drunk ring----rang-----rung

swim----swam----swum sing----sang----sung

2. 把動詞原形中o改爲e變成過去式,在原形詞尾加n變成過去分詞.

blow----blew----blown grow----grew----grown know---knew---known

throw ---- threw ---- thrown fly ----flew /flu:/ ----flown ( 和以上相似)

3. 以下動詞的過去分詞都以en結尾,故把它們分爲一類.

a ) 把動詞原形中i改爲o變成過去式,在詞尾加n變成過去分詞.

drive----drove----driven rise---rose---risen write---wrote---written (雙寫t )

ride----rode----ridden (雙寫d )

b ) 把動詞原形中ea改爲o, 在詞尾加e變成過去式,在過去式後加n變成過去分詞.

speak----spoke----spoken steal----stole----stolen break----broke----broken

c ) 把動詞原形中的個別字母或字母組合改爲o變成過去式, 在過去式後加n變成過去詞.

wake----woke----woken freeze----froze----frozen

choose----chose----chosen forget----forgot----forgotten (雙寫t,加en )

d) 其它過去分詞以en結尾的動詞

eat----ate----eaten beat---- beat ---- beaten fall----fell----fallen

give----gave----given see----saw----seen take----took----taken

mistake---- mistook----- mistaken hide----hid----hidden (雙寫d )

E. 沒有過去分詞的動詞

can ----- could - may---- might - shall---- should- will ---- would -

其它

am, is ---- was----- been are-----were----- been do-----did----- done

draw-----drew----- drawn/ :/ go-----went----- gone show----showed----shown

wear--- wore ---- worn