高考英語之複合句

名詞性從句又分：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。大家按照這個思路就不會覺得手忙腳亂了。接下來，小編給大家準備了高考英語之複合句,歡迎大家參考與借鑑。

在高考英語試題中，複合句佔有較大的比例，複習時應該注意：

1.倡發散思維，忌單向思維，考各種從屬句，常常是不同類型的連接詞語正誤連綴而至，如果不抓住這 一點，不從多方面思考選擇，就容易以偏概全，誤入歧途。

2.弄清主從複合句中的每一個從屬連接詞的意思、用法、主句與從句在時態上的呼應、語氣、是否需要 倒裝、固定搭配及邏輯常識等。

3.熟記句型及特殊表達形式。

4.注意各分句之間的特點及區別。

5.注意有些連接詞的省略情況及省略後某些語序發生的變化。

總之在做習題時，不能生搬硬套，一成不變，要全方位的思考，摸清出題者的意圖，靈活機動，隨着不同 的語言環境而變化。

什麼是複合句：

從句子結構上來說，句子有三種：簡單句、並列句和複合句。簡單句有一個主語或多個主語和一個謂語;一個主語和多個謂語。並列句是由並列連詞連接的兩個或多個簡單句。複合句指的是含有兩個或更多的主謂結構的句子，其中有一個(或更多)主謂結構充當句子的某一(些)成分，如主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、同位語等。主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、定語從句和狀語從句都屬於複合句。

一、狀語從句：

狀語從句 Adverbial Clause，從句用作狀語稱爲狀語從句。根據用途，狀語從句可分爲時間、地點、原因、條件、方式、讓步、結果、目的等狀語從句。

I. 時間狀語從句

時間狀語從句表示時間，常用的關聯詞有when, until, as, after, before, once, since, as long as, whenever等等。

例: 1) When you cross a main road, you must be　 careful.

2) He went out to play football after he had finished his homework.

3) Wait until you are called.

4) I can't recognize you. You are so changed since last we met.

5) He didn't go to school until he was eleven.

You can use my house as long as you are careful.

He is so terrible once he is drunk1.

I listen to the radio while I walk every evening.

II. 地點狀語從句

地點狀語從句表示地點，常用的關聯詞有where, wherever, anywhere等。

例如：1) Put it where you found it.

2) Sit down wherever you like.

3) Anywhere she goes, he goes too.

III. 原因狀語從句

原因狀語從句表示原因或理由，常用的關聯詞有because, as, since, in case等。

1) I eat ice-cream so much because I like sweet food.

2) As I didn't know the way, I asked a policeman.

3) Since you won't help me, I'll ask someone else.

I'll take my raincoat in case it rains. (in case it rains = because it may rain)我將帶上雨衣，以防下雨。

IV. 條件狀語從句

條件狀語從句表示真實的或現實的條件，引導從句所用的關聯詞有if, unless, suppose, in case(that), in the event (that), as (so) long as等等。

1) If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.

You'll be late, unless you hurry.

3) Suppose we are late, what will he say? (suppose從句必須放在主句之前) 我們如果遲到了，他會說什麼?

4) In the event that our team wins, there will be a party.

5) In case it rains, do not expect me. 如果下雨，就不要等我了。

6) He will do anything as(so) long as it is interesting. 只要好玩，他什麼都願意做。

V. 方式狀語從句

方式狀語從句表示動作的方式，回答How的問題，常用關聯詞as, as if, as though, the way(that), in the way(that)等引導，一般置於主語之後。

Do as I say. I did just as you told me. 照我說的去做。我就是照你說的去做的。

He acts as if/as though he is the owner. 他行爲舉止好象是這兒的主人似的。

They did it in a way that I had never seen before. 他們以我從沒見過的方式行事。

I was never allowed to sing the way I wanted to. 我從未被允許用自己想用的方式唱歌。

VI. 讓步狀語從句

讓步狀語從句表示“雖然、儘管、即使”等概念，使句子具有對比的因素。常用的關聯詞有although, though, even if, even though, not that(=although…not)等，置於主語之前或後。

1) Although you feel very ill right now, this is still a common disease2.

2) Though he has lived for years in London, he writes in French.

3) We intend to go U.S., even if air fares are expensive.

4) Even though fruits are good, you can't live with fruits only.

5) I'm OK now, not that I slept (although I did not sleep) very well last night.

VII. 結果狀語從句

結果狀語從句表示結果， 常由連詞so…that, such(a/an)…that, so that, such that等引導，置於主語之後。

She was so frightened about the dog that she cried.

The news worried him so much that he didn't sleep at all for the whole night.

He is such a wonderful joker that you can't help laughing.

They are such wonderful players that no one can beat them.

We arrived early, so that we got good seats.

The weather was such that I couldn't go out.

VIII. 目的狀語從句

目的狀語從句表示目的，回答what for或 for what purpose的問題，常用關聯詞so that, in order that等引導，一般置於主語之後。目的狀語從句中的謂語動詞常由“情態動詞+動詞原形”構成。

Ships carry lifeboats so that people can escape if the ship sinks.

They wrote the notice in several languages so that foreigners could understand it.

We carved their names on the stone in order that people should always remember them.

They risk their lives so that/in order that they may support their kids.

finish l finish sh shed

選C.在時間、條件狀語從句中，主句可能是祈使句、一般將來時或帶情態動詞，從句用一般現在時。如 果主句是過去將來時，從句可以用一般過去時。能夠引導時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句的從屬連接詞，常見的 有：when,until(directly,unless,as long as,suppose等。如：

(1)Unless he comes,we won't be able to go.

(2)Suppose it goes on raining,what shall we do?

(3)Lu Xun often said,"As long as I am alive,I shall go on studying."

sooner_____the news than they rushed out into the street.

heard had heard they hear they heard

選 sooner…than,hardly… when,scarcely… before表示"—…就"，主句一般用過去完成時(h ad+V-ed)，從句用一般過去時，如果hardly,no sooner, scarcely放句首，主謂倒裝。

ough he is considered a great writer,____(MET'91)

works3 are not widely read his works are not widelyread

ver his works are not widely read l his works arenot widely read

選A.這是一個讓步狀語從句，主句與從句之間有一個從屬連詞although(though)，不能再加but,howeve r,still等，但可以和yet連用。

matter how hard he worked,____(84年)

could not do any better he could not do any better

he could do any bettes he could not do any better

選A.由no matter引導的讓步狀語從句，其主句也不能再用but,and,so等並列連接詞。

5.____he might,he failed, as try d as tried

選A.爲了強調讓步的意義，表示出非常強烈的對照，用as或though引導的讓步狀語從句，從句的語序要 作部分調整，即把句子受強調的表語、狀語或動詞原形置於從句的句首。如果表語是單數可數名詞，移置句首 時，名詞前不用冠詞。如：

(1)Much as I like it,I will not buy it.

(2)Child as she is,she knows a lot of English.

the two boys look so much alike____no one could tell them apart?

that

選B.目的狀語從句的表達："主+謂+that(so that,in order that)+主+may(might,can,could,sho uldn't等)+謂"。

7.____Mr Smith is well again,he can travel.

that that that e that

選 that相當於since。表示原因狀語從句的連接詞常見的有because,as,since,now that,seeing that,considering that等。

was____a hundred people looked lost in it.

large a room that　 large a room

large a room that　D.a such large room

選A.引導結果狀語從句：so+adj(adv)+that從句so+adj+a(an)+n+that從句such+a(an)+adj+n+that從句，表示"這樣……(一個)……以至於……"。

harder he worked,____he felt.

ier happier happy happiest

選+比較級+主+謂，the+比較級+主+謂，意思是"越…… 越……"。

二、定語從句

定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之後，由關係詞(關係代詞或關係副詞)引出。

關係代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

關係副詞有：when, where, why等

1. 關係代詞引導的定語從句

關係代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關係代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。

1)who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)

2) Whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換)，例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

請遞給我那本綠皮的書。

3)which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：　　A prosperity4 which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語)

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語)

2. 關係副詞引導的定語從句

關係副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。

1)when, where, why 關係副詞when, where, why的含義相當於"介詞+ which"結構，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用.例如：

There are occasions5 when (on which) one must yield6.　任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。　 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.　北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?

2)that代替關係副詞that可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略.例如：

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.

他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely7 to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.

他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方

3. 判斷關係代詞與關係副詞

方法一： 用關係代詞，還是關係副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語，就必須要求用關係代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關係副詞。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關係副詞 where, when聯繫在一起。

方法二： 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關係副詞。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.　 A. where　　B. that　 C. on which　　D. the one答案：

例1 D，例2 A

例1變爲肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2變爲肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中，所缺部分爲賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關係代詞，所以應選D。

而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分爲句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。　　關係詞的選擇依據在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關係代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關係副詞 ( where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語) 。

4. 限制性和非限制性定語從句

1) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，例如：

This is the house which we bought last month.

這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。(限制性)

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.

這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。(非限制性)

2) 當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其後的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如：　　　Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired8 last year.

查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經是我的老師。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.

我去年買的的那幢房子帶着個漂亮的花園。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching9.

這本小說很動人，我已經讀了三遍。

3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作爲先行詞, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.

他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。

Liquid water changes to vapor10, which is called evaporation11.

液態水變爲蒸汽，這就叫做蒸發。

說明：關係代詞that和關係副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。

5. 介詞+關係詞

1)介詞後面的關係詞不能省略。

2)that前不能有介詞。

3) 某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的"介詞+關係詞"結構可以同關係副詞when 和where 互換。

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

6. as, which 非限定性定語從句

由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當於and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking12 is harmful to one's health.

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

典型例題　1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it　 B. that　 C. which　　D. he

答案C. 此爲非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使後句成爲句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。

2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. A. what　B. which　C. that　D. it

答案B。which可代替句子，用於非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用於非限定性定語從句，it不爲連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子並在一起在英語語法上行不通。

3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.

A. that　B. which　　C. as　 D. it

答案B.

as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關係代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：

(1) as 引導的定語從句可置於句首，而which不可。

(2) as 代表前面的整個主句並在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞;若爲行爲動詞，則從句中的關係代詞只能用which.。　 在本題中，prevent由於是行爲動詞，所以正確選項應爲B。

As 的用法

例1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一種固定結構, 和……一樣……。

I have got into the same trouble as he (has).

例2. as可引導非限制性從句，常含有'正如'的意思。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As是關係代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語;例2中，它充當從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。

7. 先行詞和關係詞二合一

1)Whoever13 spits14 in public will be punished here.　　 (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. 　　(what 可以用all that代替)

8. what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever

1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything　　　What you want has been sent here.　　　Whatever you want makes no difference to me.

2) who= the person that　 whoever= anyone who

(錯)Who breaks the law will be punished.

(錯)Whoever robbed15 the bank is not clear.

(對)Whoever breaks the law will be punished.

(對)Who robbed the bank is not clear.

3) that 和 what

當that引導定語從句時 ，通常用作關係代詞，而引導名詞性從句時，是個不充當任何成分的連接詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that常可省略。What只能引導名詞性從句， 用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。

I think (that) you will like the stamps.

What we need is more practice.

9. 關係代詞that 的用法

1)不用that的情況

a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時。

(錯)　The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

b) 介詞後不能用。

We depend on the land from that we get our food.(錯)

改爲：We depend on the land from which we get our food.

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

2) 只能用that作爲定語從句的關係代詞的情況

a)　在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b)　在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。

c)　先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that。

d)　先行詞爲序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。

e)　先行詞既有人，又有物時,只用that。