託福獨立寫作，觀點千萬不要“一邊倒”
寫好託福獨立寫作需要掌握一定的技巧，託福獨立寫作，觀點千萬不要“一邊倒”是怎麼一回事呢?想知道的話來看看這篇文章吧!
託福獨立寫作，觀點千萬不要“一邊倒”
託福獨立寫作中，ETS 一般都會問“Do you agree or disagree with thefollowing statement A”。一般來說， 明確的觀點可能就是“我同意A”或者“我反對A”。而當寫同意A 的文章時，肯定就要極力呈現A 的諸多優點;反之，當對A 持堅決反對的態度時，則會瘋狂地列舉出A 的種.種缺點。雖然這兩種寫法都符合“中心論點明確”這個原則，卻都過於極端，屬於“一邊倒”的情形。
事實上，生活中的事物都是較爲複雜的。有些事物具有兩面性，優缺點並存，如科技可以提高人類的生活質量，但也會帶來環境問題，進而降低人類的生活質量。而有些事物本身是中性的，只代表客觀情況，它們給人帶來的或好或壞的影響完全取決於其他外部條件，如“電視給社會帶來正面還是負面影響”這一話題。要知道，電視本身是沒有意識的，它不會主動地影響人們以至於社會，實際上在影響大衆的是通過電視傳播信息或內容的人。
啓德考培產品中心總經理、啓德國際教育規劃院院長劉文勇說，“對於前者——具有兩面性的事物，我們可以有所側重地論述其中的一面，但是也要注意文章觀點的完整性，不能爲了重點突出它的優點而完全忽略它的缺點，或是爲了強調它的缺點而從頭到尾對它的優點隻字不提，這種做法是不理智的。”
“而對於中性的事物，我們亦不可摒棄‘具體情況，具體分析’的原則，如果忽視其他影響因素和外部條件而簡單地將其歸類到或好或壞的行列都是不合適的。事實上，寫文章要嚴謹，而某物一定好或一定壞的片面文章顯然是不夠嚴謹的。”
如何才能同時做到“觀點明確”且“嚴謹不極端”?劉文勇推薦“讓步寫法”和“居中寫法”兩種寫作方式。
“一般情況下，當想要論述一個事物的優點大於其自身的缺點(或反之，缺點大於優點)時，或者當想要描述一個事物的優點/ 缺點大於另外一個事物的優點/ 缺點(兩個事物進行比較)時，建議大家最好採用‘讓步寫法’。‘讓步寫法’涉及兩個事物的比較時，其中一個事物的優點往往會是另一個事物的缺點，反之亦然，所以二者是此消彼長、緊密聯繫的。”
“參加諸如SAT 和GRE 等注重思辨性思維(criticalthinking)的考試時，儘可能多地採用這種‘明確但不極端’的觀點。因爲‘明確’只是意味着觀點本身清楚，而未必是必須倒向其中的某一方，居中型的觀點同樣能表明堅定的立場。而且，居中型的觀點更容易體現作者能客觀地看待事物。“當我們闡述一個居中型觀點時，顯然參與論述的信息就更多了——討論對象的優點和缺點全部囊括。如此，必然要從辯證的角度來分析信息。當我們嘗試從辯證的角度去寫文章的時候，文章無疑也就顯得更加嚴謹了。”
具體來講，什麼時候推薦採用“居中寫法”呢?劉文勇建議可以分成兩種情況。“情況一：兩個事物進行比較時，無法簡單地判定哪個更好或哪個更差時，可採用‘居中寫法’。
情況二：一個事物如果優點和缺點各佔一半，沒有明顯的好，也沒有明顯的壞時，我們也提倡用‘居中寫法’。”
託福獨立寫作範文：旅行交通工具
You need to travel from your home to a place 40 miles (64 kilometers) away. Compare the different kinds of transportation you could use. Tell which method of travel you would choose. Give specific reasons for your choice.
There are many different types of transportation which I could use to travel 40 miles from my home. The type of transportation I would choose depends mainly on how fast I need to get there and how much money I have. Some possibilities are walking, horseback riding, driving, or using a taxi, bus, or train.
The most economical choice is walking. It costs nothing, is healthful, but it is time consuming. The average person can walk about 4-5 miles per hour, so this trip would take at least 10 hours to complete. That means I would probably have to spend the night somewhere along the way. If I have to spend money for a hotel, then this choice really isn't free. Plus, I might arrive at the end tired and with sore feet! After walking comes animal transportation. In my area, horses are not common, so it wouldn't be a likely choice. I believe that a 40-mile trip would take 2 or 3 hours on a horse. If I had free access to a horse, the cost would be minimal. Of course, I'd have to know how to ride!
With a car, the travel time is minimal (under one hour), with only the cost of gasoline to consider. However, I don't own a car, and car rentals are expensive. Shared taxis are one form of affordable transportation, with 4 or 5 people sharing the cost of a car trip to a common destination. The only downside is finding people to share the fare with me. Fortunately, I live in an urban area, where there are buses and 'trains to ride. One of these would be my first choice.
In short the kind of transportation depends on how fast I need to get to my destination and how much money I have. If I need to get there fast, and money isn't important, I can hire a private e I don't own my own car, I don't have that option, and I have never walked 40 miles in one trip. I usually depend on the bus and trains, and would do so in this circumstance. They are cheap, dependable and reliable.
Some people believe that a college or university education should be available to all students. Others believe that higher education should be available only to good students. Discuss these views. Which view do you agree with? Explain why.
Depending on personal experience, personality type and emotional concern, some people hold the opinion that a college education should be available to all students; meanwhile others consider the idea that higher education should be available only to good students in somehow more preferable.
As far as I am concerned, I have to declare myself as one of these who agree that higher education should be offered to all the students. Among countless factors which influence my choice, there are three conspicuous aspects listed as follows.
The first and foremost cause for my propensity is that all students should have the same opportunity to attain a further chance of studying. Born equally as all of us, it is impartial that we all can approach a better education. From the view of equity, it will be unfair that some students get the best possible education while others are denied from a college education.
Another reason why I cast my preference for the point that higher education should open to all students is that our high-education should serve the function of educating the whole country, not merely for a minority of its people.
Beyond these obvious aspects, there is a further subtle point which we must take into our account. It would not be too kindly disposed to the bare idea that allowing barely fantastic students to enter universities, because it is economical for part of people to be better educated with limited resources of all kinds. Nonetheless, pound for pound, I reckon that the consideration that higher education should be accessible to all students is awfully advantageous.
To sum up, a higher education is never absolutely just a dream of the students without a terrific mark. It is a dilemma forthe public to choose from the two object opinions because they are from time to time confused by the seemingly good qualities of the thinking that higher education is available merely to good students but neglect the genuinely good qualities of the true one. From the factors presented above, I strongly commit to the notion that a further education should be rendered more widely and openly.
