詳解英語語法中主謂一致的語法形式一致原則
英語中主謂一致是指句中的謂語動詞和主語在人稱和數上保持一致。在做涉及主謂一致的練習時，同學們有時會覺得顧此失彼。究其原因，往往是沒有把握住主語的真正內涵，考慮不周全。今天小編爲大家整理了主謂一致原則的相關知識點，快來看一下吧。
主謂一致有許多原則，概括起來不外乎三種一致原則，即語法形式一致，概念一致（語言內容上一致），毗鄰一致（謂語動詞的單複數形式和緊位於其前的主語一致）。
1. 語法形式一致
（1）單數主語、單個動詞不定式、動名詞短語以及句子作主語，謂語動詞要用單數形式。複數主語，用and或both…and連接的動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語以及主語從句作主語，謂語動詞則用複數形式。例如：
1) The performance was very funny.
2) Serving the people is my great happiness.
3) Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.
4) Many natural materials are becoming scarce.
5) Both you and I are students.
6) What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper.
注1：在what 引導的主語從句中，如果主語補語是複數時，謂語動詞用複數形式。
例如：
What we have to learn are the pieces of language that produce inversion.
注2：修飾語對主語的數不起影響。
例如：
The performance of the first three clowns was very funny.
（2）由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 等引起的結構跟在主語後面，不能看作是並列主語，該主語不受這些詞組引導的插入語的影響，主語如是單數，其謂語動詞仍然用單數形式。
例如：
1) My mother, as well as my father, has a key to the office.
2) The man together with his wife and children sits there watching TV.
3) His sister no less than you is wrong.
4) The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students.
注：有時在with結構裏，加上both之後，with就具有and含義。例如：
Grandpa Wang with his son, both looking very happy, are taking a walk in the park.
(3)有些代詞只能指單數可數名詞，當它們在句子中作主語時，儘管在意義上是多數，謂語動詞仍要用單數形式。這類代詞有either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。
例如：
1) Neither likes the friends of the other. (兩人都不喜歡對方的朋友。)
2) Everything around us is matter. (我們周圍的所有東西都是物質。)
(4)在neither of與either of的結構裏，一般語法書都認爲謂語動詞可用單數形式也可用複數形式，但在美國的TOEFL考試內要求用單數形式。
例如：
1) Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard.
2) Has either of them been seen recently?
(5)當and連結的兩個名詞是指同一個人或同一件事，and後的名詞前沒有冠詞，謂語動詞應該用單數形式；在and後面的名詞前有冠詞，謂語就用複數形式。例如：
1)The bread and butter is served for breakfast. (早飯供應黃油麪包。)
2)The bread and the butter are on sale. (正在出售黃油和麪包。)
（6）當one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 結構作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數形式。例如：
1)One of those students has passed the examination.
2)A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use.
(7)form of, type of, kind of 結構的謂語視form, type與kind的單複數而定.these/those kind/type of後是複數名詞，謂語動詞用複數形式。
例如：
1) The kind of books an author writes depends on the kind of man who he is.
2) Some new types of cars are now on show.
3)These kind of recorders are good.
(8)由one and a half + 複數名詞作主語時，謂語動詞視名詞的單複數形式而定。
例如：
One and a half apples is left on the plate.
(9) 由the majority of + 名詞作主語時，謂語動詞視名詞的單複數形式而定。例如：
1) The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
2) The majority of criminals are non-violent.
（10）plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of等 + 可數與不可數名詞作主語時，不可數名詞的謂語只用單數，可數名詞的謂語視可數名詞的單複數而定。例如：
1）Half of this building is to be completed by spring.
2）Half of the buildings have been painted completely.
3）There is plenty of water in the pail.
4）There are plenty of eggs in the box.
注：當名詞前有其他量詞修飾時，謂語動詞的單複數形式通常取決於量詞。例如：
1）Row upon row of soldiers is marching towards us on the field.
2）A body of volunteers has been organized to aid the helpless in their struggle for survival.
（11）由all of, most of, a lot of, some of, none of, plenty of , the rest 等 + 名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單數形式應與名詞一致。
例如：
1）None of the books satisfy the students.
2）None of this meat is fit to eat.
3）All of the research work was designed by the chief engineer.
（12）由more than one (或more than one + 單數名詞)，many a + 單數名詞作主語，謂語動詞要用單數形式。
例如：
1）More than one student has passed the examination.
2）Many a boy learns to swim before he can read.
注：如果more than後面是複數名詞，則謂語動詞要用複數。
例如：More than two hundred students have attended the lecture.
（13）quantity of + 不可數名詞，謂語動詞用單數形式; quantities of + 可數與不可數名詞，謂語動詞用複數形式。
例如：
1）Great quantities of milk are needed in this city.
2）There is a large quantity of milk.
（14）如果名詞詞組中心詞是“分數或百分數 + of + 名詞”，謂語動詞的單、複數形式取決於of後的名詞或代詞的單、複數形式。
例如：
1）Over three-quarters of the swampland has been reclaimed.
2）Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.
（15）定語從句謂語動詞的單複數形式應與先行詞一致。
例如：
1）He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.
2）“Keep cool” is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident.
注：當one之前有the only等限定詞修飾時，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數形式。
例如：
He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.
一致原則在主謂一致中佔有很大的比重，在語言實踐中，我們不僅要記住一般的語法規則，更要把握好有些名詞的內在涵義，才能做好有關主謂一致的題目。
