當前位置

首頁 > 英語學習 > 英語語法 > 權威解析:主謂一致中的語法一致原則

權威解析:主謂一致中的語法一致原則

推薦人: 來源: 閱讀: 1.93W 次

主謂一致(Subject- Verb Agreement),指”人稱”和”數方面的一致關係.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football. 可分爲:語法一致, 內容一致, 就近一致.今天着重計解語法一致的原則。

padding-bottom: 31.09%;">權威解析:主謂一致中的語法一致原則

(一) 語法一致原則:

即主語爲單數,謂語用單數,主語爲複數,謂語也用複數. 以下爲注意事項:

1. 單數主語即使後面帶有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引導的短語, 謂語動詞仍用單數.

如: Air as well as water is matter.    空氣和水都是物質.

No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 

除了兩個僕人外, 沒有一個人遲來用餐。

2. 用and連接的並列主語,如果主語是同一個人,同一事,同一概念, 謂語動詞用單數, 否則用複數. 如:

The poet and writer has come.  那位詩人兼作家來了.(一個人)

A hammer and a saw are useful tools.  錘子和鋸都是有用的工具. (兩樣物)

用and連接的成對名詞習慣上被看成是一個整體, 如:bread and butter(黃油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數。

3. 不定式(短語), 動名詞(短語), 或從句作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數. 如:

Serving the people is my great happiness.

爲人民服務是我最大的幸福.

When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.

我們什麼時候出去郊遊已決定了。

4. 用連接的並列主語被each, every 或no修飾時, 謂語動詞用單數.

Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.  每個男孩和每個女孩都喜歡去游泳.

No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting.  沒有老師也沒有學生開會缺席.

Each man and (each) woman is asked to help.  每個男人和每個女人都被請去幫忙

5. each of + 複數代詞, 謂語動詞用單數. 複數代詞+each, 謂語動詞用單數.如:

Each of us has something to say. 我們每個人都有話要說。

6. 若主語中有more than one 或many a/an , 儘管從意義上看是複數, 但它的謂語動詞仍用單數。 但more+複數名詞+than one做主語時, 謂語動詞仍用複數. 如:

Many a boy likes playing basketball.     許多男生都喜歡打籃球.

More than one student was late.     不只一個學生遲到

More persons than one come to help us. 不止一個人來幫助我們。

7.  none 做主語時,謂語動詞可用單數, 也可用複數; 但在代表不可數的東西時總是看作單數,因而謂語動詞要用單數. 如:

None of us are (is) perfect.   人無完人。

None of this worries me.   這事一點不使我着急。

8. 名詞如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語時, 謂語動詞必須用複數. 如:

His clothes are good. 但這些名詞前若出現 a pair of , 謂語一般用單數.如:

A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡。

9. 形複意單名詞如:news ; 以ics 結尾的學科名稱如: physics, mathematics, economics; 國名如: the United States; 報紙名如: the New Times; 書名如: Arabian Night <天方夜談>; 以及The United Nations<聯合國> 等作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數。

10. “a +名詞+and a half “, “one and a half + 名詞”, “the number of + 名詞” 等作主語時, 謂語動詞要用單數. 如:

Only one and a half apples is left on the table.

注意: one or two + 複數名詞作主語, 謂語動詞用複數形式, 如:

One or two places have been visited. 參觀了一兩個地點。