雙語閱讀：你知道四種邊緣性人格障礙嗎

摘要：當今關於邊緣性人格障礙的文章已經很多了。這些有邊緣性人格障礙的人，通常在童年時期受到過嚴重的虐待。他們會給社會和親屬帶來毀滅性的破壞。他們因衝動，自我毀滅，情緒反常不定，憤怒而臭名昭著。

Do You Know the 4 Types of Borderline Personality Disorder?

So much has been written today about the Borderline Personality Disorder. These individuals, often very abused in their childhoods, can wreak havoc in organizational settings and close relationships. They are known for their impulsivity, self-destructive nature, moodiness, anger, and, perhaps most importantly, their tendency to have very intense and stormy relationships. Think Glenn Close in the movie Fatal Attraction. Moreover, they often have additional life problems, often the result of their impulsive nature, on top of this disorder such as substance abuse, eating disorders, financial difficulties, promiscuity, etc.

你知道四種邊緣性人格障礙嗎

But not all these individuals are alike. In his stellar book, Disorders of Personality: DSM-IV and Beyond (1995, Wiley). Theodore Millon identifies four different subtypes of Borderline Personality Disorder. Incidentally, Millon is one of the leading experts in the field of personality disorders and Borderline Personality Disorder so he knows what he's talking about. His book is one of the best books out there for any serious student of personality disorders and I recommend it highly to those who are a little more advanced in their study of psychology.

當今關於邊緣性人格障礙的文章已經很多了。這些有邊緣性人格障礙的人，通常在童年時期受到過嚴重的虐待。他們會給社會和親屬帶來毀滅性的破壞。他們因衝動，自我毀滅，情緒反常不定，憤怒而臭名昭著。而且，更重要的是：他們通常會傾向於擁有非常緊張激烈的人際關係。想想電影致命吸引中的格林吧。另外，他們通常會因爲衝動的天性給他們帶來其他生活問題。其中藥物濫用，進食障礙，財政問題和濫交等最爲常見。

但是並非人人如此，在西奧多·米勒主要作品《人格障礙：DSM-IV 及其它》(1995，威利)中描述了4種不同類型的邊緣人格障礙。米勒是人格障礙和邊緣人格障礙領域的前沿專家，所以他有自己的見地。對於學習人格障礙的專業學生來說，米勒的書無疑是最出衆的之一。而且我強烈的想把這些書推薦給在心理學研究方面更出衆的人。

The Discouraged Borderline in many ways can look very much like an individual with Dependent Personality Disorder, or what is commonly known in today's jargon as codependent. They tend to be clingy, go along with the crowd, and walk around feeling somber and somewhat dejected. Deep inside however, there are often angry and disappointed with the actions of those around them. Scratch the surface, and that anger could explode, but they are much more likely to do harm to themselves by self-mutilating or even suicide.

The Impulsive Borderline seems to be a first cousin to the Histrionic Personality Disorder. These individuals tend to be flirtatious, captivating, elusive and superficial. They are highly energetic and seek out thrill after thrill. They are easily bored and seem to have it never ending appetite for attention and excitement. As their name implies, they will often act without thinking, getting themselves into all sorts of trouble. Such individuals can often be very charismatic and it's easy to get caught in their spell. Beware! You can be the moth drawn to their flame.

這種邊緣性人格障礙在很多方面與依賴型人格障礙十分相像。這種依賴型人格障礙就是今天人們所熟知的共存。他們會粘人，混跡在人羣中但卻感到憂鬱和一點沮喪。但是在內心深處他們對周圍人的行爲感到非常憤怒和失望。輕輕觸碰，他們的憤怒就會傾瀉而出。但是他們更多的是通過自殘甚至自殺的方式傷害自己。

衝動型人格障礙似乎是矯飾型人格障礙的堂弟。這些人迷人，喜歡調情，難以捉摸。他們會輕易的變得無聊，而且對關注和興奮有無限的慾望。就像他們的名字那樣，他們經常不經思考，草率行事。這種特性使他們陷入各種困境。這類人非常有魅力，你可能很輕易就他們的魔咒蠱惑。當心一點!你可能就是那隻飛向他們火焰的蛾子。

Millon’s third subtype is what he calls the Petulant Borderline. He describes them as being "unpredictable, irritable, impatient, and complaining" as well as "defiant, disgruntled, stubborn, pessimistic and resentful". They are torn between relying upon people and at the same time keeping their distance for fear of disappointment. They vacillate between feelings of unworthiness and anger. This anger can be quite explosive. Better not get in their line of fire.

Finally, there is the Self-Destructive Borderline. This type is marked by his constant sense of bitterness which they turn inward. They will often engage in self-destructive behaviors whether it is conscious or unconscious. Their levels of self-hatred can often reach monumental proportions leading them into all types of self-destructive behaviors, ranging from poor healthcare to reckless driving to performing humiliating sexual acts.

米勒的第三種次人格障礙就是他所說的任性型人格障礙。他把他們描述爲：“無法預測，易怒，無耐心和抱怨。”而且“目中無人，怏怏不樂，固執，悲觀，憤恨”。他們厭倦了依靠別人和因害怕失望而和人保持距離的感覺。他們在到無用感和憤怒的情緒中搖擺。這種憤怒可能非常容易爆發。你最好不要激怒他。

最後是自我毀滅式的人格障礙。這種類型的是由內心不斷的痛苦造成的。不管有意識或無意識，他們經常會做實施自殘行爲。他們的自我怨恨經常會把他們引向罪惡的深淵，從糟糕身體保健到不斷實施侮辱性的性行爲。

These people are not your run-of-the-mill "toxic coworker". Though they might often seem okay on the surface, these are deeply troubled individuals in need of help. Even the most experienced of therapists can be challenged by them.

Individuals with BPD need to be understood and treated with compassion. But they are in need of psychological help. There is a tendency to be drawn to them; they give off a lot of energy and can be very charismatic, but there is a price to be paid for being involved: Perpetual arguments, dramas, makeups and breakups, suicidal gestures and an almost exquisite sensitivity to rejection whether real or imagined

If you are not prepared to pay this price, it's probably best just to keep your distance.

Already involved with a person with BPD? I highly recommend Paul Mason and Randi Kreger's book Stop Walking on Eggshells: Taking your life back when someone you care about has Borderline Personality Disorder.

這些人並不是一般的“毒人“。在表面上看他們是正常的，他們卻是深陷困境需要幫助的人。即使經驗最豐富的治療師也可能被他們難倒。

患有邊緣型人格障礙的人需要被理解，而且對待他們需要同情心。但是他們需要心理幫助。人們會容易被他們的四射的能量和光彩照人而吸引。但是這是要付出代價的：無休止的爭吵，戲劇，化妝劇，分手，自殺行爲和對拒絕異常強烈的敏感。不管這種拒絕是否是真的還是他們憑空的幻想。

你已經介入了邊緣性人格障礙患者的生活了?我極力推薦保爾·曼森和瑞迪·肯格爾的書《請在蛋殼上止步》。在你關心的人患上邊緣性人格障礙時，找回自己的生活。