凱特王妃教你拍出完美家庭照
In a break from Royal protocol, the Duchess of Cambridge has taken Princess Charlotte's first official portraits herself - and released them on Twitter via the Kensington Palace account.
在一場皇家禮儀聚會間歇期，凱特王妃(Kate Middleton)親自給夏洛特公主拍下第一組官方照片——並通過推特（Twitter）肯辛頓宮（Kensington Palace）賬號發佈。
Warming the hearts of the nation, the series of pictures see a gorgeous Prince George proudly holding his tiny little sister, with beaming smiles for the camera.
這組照片中，俊朗的喬治王子自豪地抱着小妹妹，對着鏡頭開心微笑。照片一經發布立刻暖化全體英國民衆的心。
But just how did Kate get her pictures looking so professional? We asked professional children's photographer Glenda Tarling for some expert tips.
但爲什麼凱特王妃拍的照片看起來如此專業？爲此，我們向專業兒童攝影師格倫達·塔林（Glenda Tarling）詢問了一些專業拍照技巧。
THE LIGHTING
光線
'Judging by the amount of natural light flooding into the pictures, it's likely Kate took the shots next to a large window. And most likely without using any flash,' says Glenda, who runs GR Tarling Photography.
格倫達說，“從照片中強烈的自然光線判斷，凱特王妃很可能選擇了在一扇大窗附近作爲拍攝地，且很可能沒有使用閃光。”
With it's gentle brightness, using natural light rather than artificial lighting equipment can often result in the best family photographs.
自然光線亮度柔和，因此要拍出的完美的家庭照，選擇自然光線要勝過人工照明設備。
'The pictures have a very lifestyle feel to them, this wasn't taken in a studio,' notes the photographer, who along with her husband Dave, has been taking creative shots of families and their children for the past three years.
格倫達與丈夫戴夫（Dave）在過去三年給許多家庭拍過有創意的親子照。她表示，“這些照片散發着滿滿的生活氣息，肯定不是在工作室裏拍的。”
'Looking at the way the shadows are falling, it's most likely that the Duchess has simply positioned the chair looking towards a big window on a nice and bright day.'
“從陰影判斷，那天天氣晴朗，光線明亮，王妃很可能只是將椅子對着一扇大窗，拍下這組照片。”
THE CAMERA
照相機
Although smart phones and tablets now carry increasingly good quality cameras, Glenda says it's unlikely that Kate used anything other than a DLSR (digital single-lens reflex) camera.
雖然現在智能手機和平板電腦的照相功能也十分強大，但格倫達認爲，凱特使用的應該是數碼單反相機。
'The depth of field in some of the pictures makes me think she has used a mid-range DSLR, like a Canon D6 or a Nikon D610.'
“根據這些照片的景深，我猜測她用的是中端單反，像佳能（Canon）D6或者尼康（Nikon）D610。”
'If she's into photography, she probably owns something like that. The iPhone and iPad cameras are quite sharp these days, but not like this.'
“如果她熱愛攝影，應該有相關設備。近來的蘋果手機和蘋果平板相機色彩強烈，但未能達到這樣的效果。”
'With these kinds of cameras you can change the lenses as and when you need to, Kate perhaps used a 35mm or 50mm lens for these shots.'
“用這類相機，你可以隨時根據需要改變鏡頭，凱特使用的可能是35mm或50mm鏡頭。”
THE TECHNIQUE
技巧
Glenda notes how in one of the shots, the background is slightly burred. Which, she says, helps to pull the viewer's focus straight into the eyes of Prince George and Princess is a technique called Maximum Aperture, and is done by adjusting the settings on your digital camera to let more light pass through the lens.
格倫達介紹了其中一張照片如何將背景弱化，使觀衆一眼就被喬治王子和夏洛特公主的眼睛吸引住。這種技巧稱爲“最大光圈”，通過調整數碼相機設置，讓更多光線進入鏡頭，便可完成。
'It looks as though Kate has let more light in with a wide aperture, to get that blurred effect you can see on George's shoes and in the background,' says Glenda.
格倫達說道，“看起來凱特使用了一個大光圈吸收更多光線，將喬治王子的鞋子及背景模糊化。”
'She has definitely used technique there, so that the foreground - in this case her children - becomes sharper.'
“她肯定使用了一些拍攝技巧，這樣前景——在這裏就是她的寶寶——就會更突出。”
THE PROPS
道具
Children are much more likely to appear relaxed and comfortable when their parents are around, so the fact that Kate is taking the picture will have helped immensely in these shots, says Glenda.
格倫達稱，父母在身邊時，小孩更容易呈現放鬆舒適的狀態，因此，由凱特王妃親自拍照也起到了極大作用。
But use of props are essential to a good family portrait too.
但道具的使用在拍攝完美全家福時也是必不可少的。
'We can see that Kate has used pillows to prop them up, which is a great idea,' says Glenda.
“我們可以看到，凱特將枕頭作爲道具，這真是個好主意。”格倫達表示。
THE POSES
姿勢
With their mother behind the camera, it's likely George and Charlotte's relaxed poses came far more naturally than they might on a professional shoot.
比起專業拍攝，在母親面前，喬治王子和夏洛特公主的姿勢顯得更放鬆自然。
But, says Glenda, for an arrangement like Kate's it's important that the older sibling has had plenty of practice holding the baby.
但格倫達也表示，凱特給孩子們安排這樣的姿勢，哥哥之前肯定練習了無數次抱好妹妹的姿勢，這一點很重要。
'It looks as though George has spent plenty of time with his sister and holding her,' says Glenda.
“看起來喬治常跟妹妹待在一起，並且經常抱她。”格倫達說道。
'We often try this kind of pose at shoots, sometimes it works and sometimes it doesn't. They both need to feel comfortable.'
“我們經常嘗試拍攝這種姿勢，有時順利，有時並不奏效。兩個小孩都必須感到舒適才能順利拍攝。”
'Patience is really the key thing behind capturing the perfect shot. If your children have an expression they often make for example, you need to be prepared to wait and pause until they make that.'
“捕捉完美鏡頭，很重要的一點是需要耐心。比如，你的小孩經常出現某個表情，那麼你需要耐心等待，並擺好鏡頭，捕捉他們的那一刻。”
THE OUTFITS
服裝
Once again, it appears Prince George is wearing the perfect outfit, as contrasting colours often photograph best.
再一次，對於鏡頭來說，喬治王子的服裝無可挑剔，對比色總能拍出最完美照片。
'White is a very reflective colour and so sometimes you may need to retouch pictures if it comes out very bleached' says Glenda.
格倫達介紹，“白色反射性很強，所以如果照片洗出來太白，你就要重新潤飾一番。”
'But he's wearing blue socks with the white shirt and you can see how well they have come up in the pictures.'
“但他穿着藍色長襪，白色襯衫，你可以看到這色彩搭配的多好。”
RETOUCHING
潤飾
Had this been a professional shoot, Glenda says some photographers might have gently retouched the colour balance of the pictures.
這是一項專業拍攝技巧，格倫達稱，一些攝影家可能會略微潤飾照片的色彩平衡。
'We may have adjusted the highlights or toned down some of the areas that have been almost bleached with light and lost their detail - the pillows for example,' says Glenda.
“我們可能會調整加亮區，對於在光線下顯得太白，幾乎看不清細節的區域——比如枕頭，我們會減弱亮度。”
This can take some expert know-how however, using computer programs like PhotoShop.
然而，這需要一些電腦軟件專業知識，比如Photoshop。
'It doesn't look like Kate has done that, but personally, I think she's done a pretty good job with these pictures. They're beautiful and very natural, and that's what most of our clients are really interested in right now.'
“凱特好像沒有使用到這個技巧，但我個人認爲她拍出了非常完美的照片，很漂亮，很自然，這也是我們大多數客戶真正想要的效果。”
