美國銀行大排名:前四家吃肉 後面幾家喝湯
Just how big are the nation’s biggest banks? Well, the top four alone manage roughly $8 trillion in assets.
美國最大的銀行到底有多大？僅前四大銀行就管理着大約8萬億美元資產。Bank of America with $2.12 trillion. The two banks are the only ones with assets exceeding $2 trillion.
摩根大通（JPMorgan Chase）位居榜首，資產達到驚人的2.46萬億美元。緊隨其後的是資產爲2.12萬億美元的美國銀行（Bank of America）。只有這兩家銀行的資產超過了2萬億美元。Citigroup, the third largest bank by assets, isn’t too far behind with $1.89 trillion and San Francisco-based Wells Fargo
按資產規模排序，花旗集團（Citigroup）排名第三，資產爲1.89萬億美元，落後第二名不多。總部位於舊金山的富國銀行（Wells Fargo）位居第四，資產爲1.48萬億美元。
From there the 5th largest bank’s assets, Bank of New York Mellon
到了排名第五的紐約梅隆銀行（Bank of New York Mellon），差距一下子拉開，其資產僅爲3,710億美元。The ranking comes from SNL Financial which compiles the data each quarter.
排名來自市場研究公司SNL Financial，每季度編制一次。There’s hasn’t been much change at the top of the ranking since 2011 when JPM claimed the #1 spot from BofA.
自摩根大通於2011年從美國銀行手中奪走第一的殊榮以來，榜首就沒有出現多大變化。Ever since, JPM has held a steady lead over the rest of the nation’s banks–a lead that keeps getting bigger. Just a year ago in the third quarter 2012, JPM’s assets stood at $2.32 trillion; they’ve since increased 6%.
自那以後，摩根大通始終領先於美國的其他銀行，而且優勢不斷擴大。去年第三季度，摩根大通的資產達到2.32萬億美元，今年則增長了6%。It will be interesting to see how JPM’s assets evolve over the next 12 months. 2013 wasn’t JPM’s best. CEO Jamie Dimon reported the bank’s first quarterly loss under his watch, it paid $13 billion to settle a big case with the Department of Justice and paid out billions in other suits as well. It was also the first time the bank made a big announcement recently about shutting down a line of business; in September JPM announced it would no longer accept applications for student loans.
摩根大通的資產在過去12個月裏是如何變化的？這個問題很有趣。對摩根大通而言，2013年不算太理想。CEO傑米·戴蒙（Jamie Dimon）公佈了該銀行在他領導下的首次出現季度虧損，該銀行還向司法部支付了130億美元，以了結一宗重大官司，並在其他訴訟案中付出了數十億美元的代價。摩根大通最近還首次宣佈關閉一項業務。今年9月，銀行宣佈不再接受學生貸款申請。Wells Fargo, though #4, has also been steadily growing its asset base at a rate even higher than JPM. Over the last 12 months, Wells, lead by CEO John Stumpf, has seen its total assets jump 8% from $1.37 trillion in the third quarter of 2012. That’s the biggest increase among the big four banks.
富國銀行雖然排名第四，但資產穩步增長，其速度甚至超過了摩根大通。過去12個月裏，由CEO約翰·斯坦普夫（John Stumpf）領導的富國銀行總資產在2012年第三季度的1.37萬億美元基礎上增長了8%。增速堪爲四大銀行之首。Much of Wells’ growth is due to some key loan purchases the bank has been making overseas. The bank has picked up several loan portfolios on the cheap from banks in Europe as the market there has been struggling and institutions there look to off-load assets.
這種增長在很大程度上得益於富國銀行在海外購入的若干重要貸款資產。該銀行從歐洲銀行手中以低價購買了幾個貸款資產組合，因爲歐洲市場步履維艱，因此歐洲機構希望出售資產。Wells CFO Tim Sloan spoke about the bank’s overall loan growth at a conference last week and noted the foreign loans. “Foreign loans grew $6.9 billion or 17%, which included $4 billion from the UK CRE acquisition we completed in the third quarter, as well as growth in our trade finance business, ” he said.
富國銀行首席財務官蒂姆·斯隆（Tim Sloan）在上週某次會議上談到了該銀行的整體貸款增長，並特別提及了外國貸款。“外國貸款增加69億美元，增幅爲17%，其中包括我們在第三季度完成英國CRE併購交易所獲得的40億美元，以及我們貿易融資業務的增長。”他說。Meanwhile both Citi and Bank of America have seen their assets drop over the last few years. Just over the last 12 months both banks shed assets by about 2%.
與此同時，花旗集團和美國銀行的資產在過去幾年裏不斷下滑。在過去12個月裏，這兩家銀行的資產減少了約2%。Both bank have been actively selling non-core assets since the peak of the crisis in order to meet both regulator and shareholder demands.
自金融危機達到頂峯以來，這兩家銀行都積極出售非核心資產，以滿足監管機構和股東的要求。Back in early 2009, BofA’s assets were $2.32 trillion, or 8.4% more than where they stand today.
2009年初，美國銀行的資產爲2.32萬億美元，比現在高出8.4%。SNL notes that Citi’s assets will decline even further by approximately $3.91 billion from the planned sale of its Brazilian credit card and consumer finance business.
SNL Financial指出，花旗集團的資產將進一步減少大約39.1億美元，因爲該銀行計劃出售其在巴西的信用卡和消費信貸業務。There was only one new bank on the most recent list from SNL. Santa Clara, Calif.-based SVB Financial Group was the lone new entry coming in at #50 with $23.7 billion in assets.
在SNL Financial的最新榜單上只有一個新面孔。總部位於加州聖塔克拉拉的SVB 金融集團（SVB Financial Group）是唯一的新晉成員，排在第50位，資產爲237億美元。SNL’s rankings include banks and thrifts operating in the U.S. with a deposits-to-assets ratio of at least 25%. That means big firms like Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley don’t make the cut since they don’t hold significant deposits.
SNL Financial的排名囊括了在美國經營的、存款與資產比率至少爲25%的銀行和儲蓄機構。這意味着像高盛（Goldman Sachs）和摩根士丹利（Morgan Stanley）這樣的大公司無法上榜，因爲它們不具備可觀的存款。
