美國計劃讓機器人在戰場協助軍人迅速決策
The US military’s use of artificial intelligence and advanced roboticswill not include creating Terminator-style robots, the Pentagon’s second-in-command has said, as concerns increase over the role artificial intelligenceshould play in modern warfare.
五角大樓的二號指揮官表示，美軍對人工智能和先進機器人技術的利用將不包括打造“終結者”式的機器人。目前各方日益擔憂人工智能在現代戰爭中扮演的角色。
Military planners were looking at ways for machines to help humans makequicker decisions on the battlefield, said Robert Work, deputy secretary ofdefence.
美國國防部副部長羅伯特•沃克(Robert Work)表示，軍事規劃者正在尋求讓機器幫助人類在戰場上更快做出決策的方法。
“We will use artificial intelligence in the sense that it makes humandecisions better,”he said.
“我們將使用人工智能——在其讓人類做出更好決策的意義上，”他表示。
The Pentagon’s multibillion-dollar investments in high-tech weapons have put itat the centre of a debate about the use of AI and robots in warfare, with ElonMusk, founder of Tesla, saying AI was “potentially moredangerous than nukes”.
五角大樓對高科技武器的鉅額投資把其推到了圍繞在戰場上使用人工智能和機器人的辯論的風口浪尖。特斯拉(Tesla)創始人埃隆•馬斯克(Elon Musk)表示，人工智能“可能比核武器更危險”。
Last year more than 1,000 of the biggest names in science and technology—including cosmologist Stephen Hawking and Mr Musk —signed anopen letter calling for a global ban on “killer robots”.
去年，逾1000名科技領域的著名人物在一封公開信上簽名，呼籲在全球範圍禁止“殺手機器人”，其中包括宇宙學家史蒂芬•霍金(Stephen Hawking)和馬斯克。
Mr Work is leading the Pentagon’s push into fields such as AI androbotics, which the US military hopes will maintain its technological edge overChina and Russia for another generation. “We need to up our strategic game inan era of great power competition,”he said.
沃克主管五角大樓在人工智能和機器人等領域的項目，美國軍方希望藉此在又一代人的時間裏保持美國相對於中國和俄羅斯的技術優勢。“我們需要在大國競爭的時代提高我們的戰略水平，”他說。
At a national security forum last December Mr Work voiced US concernsover the speed of developments in AI by Beijing and Moscow, saying the Russianarmy was “preparing to fight on a roboticised battlefield”.
在去年12月的一個國家安全論壇上，沃克表示美國擔憂中俄兩國發展人工智能的速度，稱俄羅斯陸軍正“準備在機器人化的戰場上作戰”。
The US’s investmentsinclude a range of unmanned aircraft, ships and submarines that will have anincreased level of autonomy. The Pentagon is also looking at supercomputersthat can seek intelligence and watch potential adversaries.
美國的投資包括一系列具有更高自主水平的無人機、無人艦艇和無人潛艇。五角大樓也在關注能夠搜尋情報，監視潛在敵人的超級計算機。
“The thing that people like Elon Musk are most worried about is amachine that gets smart enough to rewrite its own code,”he said. “We are wayfar away from that.”
“埃隆•馬斯克這樣的人最擔心的事情是機器變得足夠智能，以至於能夠改寫自己的代碼，”他表示，“我們離這種狀態還遙遠得很。”
General Paul Selva, deputy chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, saidthere needed to be a “firebreak”between a machine that can assess massive quantities of data tomake a targeting decision and one that decided on the use of force.
美國參謀長聯席會議副主席保羅•塞爾瓦將軍(General Paul Selva)表示，需要在一臺能夠評估海量數據以決定打擊目標的機器與決定使用武力的機器之間樹立一道“防火屏障”。
“As a human, it makes me very uncomfortable that we might make amachine that can make a decision about taking lethal action withoutunderstanding who programmed the consciousness of the machine,”he said.
“作爲一個人，我們可能製造出一臺能夠作出採取致命行動的決策的機器，卻不知道誰編寫了這臺機器的意識，這讓我感到非常不舒服，”他說。
