希臘退出歐元區風險再次升高

PARIS — Just a few weeks ago, fears that Greece might exit the euro union subsided when Europe extended its financial bailout. But as a new war of words escalates between Athens and its creditors, talk of a “Grexit” is heating up.

巴黎——就在幾周前，歐洲擴大了對希臘的金融救援，緩解了人們對希臘可能退出歐元區的擔心。但在雅典及其債權人之間，一場新的口水戰逐漸升級，於是關於“希臘退出”(Grexit)的談論又開始升溫。

In the last several days, European and American banks, think tanks and ratings agencies have issued a fresh round of warnings and studies calculating the damage to the currency union if Greece were to default on its debts or stop using the euro.

過去幾天裏，歐洲和美國的銀行、智庫和評級機構先後發佈了新一輪的警告和研究報告，這些研究估算了一旦希臘債務違約或停止使用歐元，會對歐元區造成多大的損失。

Jeroen Dijsselbloem, the head of the Eurogroup body of European finance ministers, this week also raised the possibility of restricting the flow of money in and out of Greece to make sure the country has enough money to pay its debts.

歐元集團(Eurogroup)主席耶霍恩·戴塞爾布盧姆(Jeroen Dijsselbloem)本週也提出了一種可能性：限制資金流入和流出希臘，從而確保該國有足夠的資金來償還債務。歐元集團由歐元區國家的財長組成。

Driving those concerns is an increasingly venomous standoff between Athens and nearly every other country in the 19-member currency union — especially Germany.

在有19個成員國的歐元區，希臘與其他所有成員國——尤其是德國——之間的對峙變得越來越尖銳，這加劇了人們的擔憂。

One of the main sticking points is Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras’s pushing ahead with an anti-austerity agenda that creditors say conflicts with pledges he made on Feb. 20 in winning an agreement to let Greece extend its 240 billion euro, or $254 billion, bailout program for four months. That deal was crucial to giving Greece the ability to unlock loan money it badly needs. But so far, no funds have been forthcoming.

其中一個主要癥結是希臘總理亞歷克西斯·齊普拉斯(Alexis Tsipras)正在推動反緊縮議程。債權人認爲，這和他2月20日做出的承諾相沖突，而當時齊普拉斯之所以許下諾言，是爲了讓2400億歐元（約合1.6萬億元人民幣）的救援計劃能展期四個月。這項妥協至關重要，可以讓希臘獲得急需的貸款資金。不過到目前爲止，還沒有任何資金到位。

On Wednesday, Greece’s Parliament approved a number of anti-poverty measures despite warnings from creditors that the legislation ran contrary to the overall package of changes Greece had agreed last month to adopt.

本週三，希臘議會不顧債權人的警告，批准了若干項扶貧措施。債權人稱，這些措施有悖於希臘上個月同意採取的總體改革方案。

And it probably did not help Greece’s debt diplomacy that members of Mr. Tsipras’s Syriza party were among the thousands of European demonstrators in Frankfurt on Wednesday protesting, amid tear gas, European Central Bank policies.

此外，週三有數千名歐洲民衆聚集在法蘭克福，冒着催淚瓦斯抗議歐洲中央銀行(European Central Bank)的政策。抗議民衆中包括齊普拉斯所在政黨激進左翼聯盟(Syriza)的成員，這一點恐怕對希臘的債務外交有弊無利。

Athens has become so politically isolated, even as its coffers run dry, that Mr. Tsipras will be trying to salvage relationships on Thursday and Friday in Brussels at a European Union summit meeting.

在國庫空虛之際，希臘在政治上也陷於孤立，於是齊普拉斯將在本週四、週五於布魯塞爾舉行的歐盟峯會上，嘗試挽救與歐元區夥伴關係。

He has persuaded Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany; President François Hollande of France; the European Central Bank president, Mario Draghi; and others to discuss the Greek crisis directly with him. Whether he will clinch a deal to unlock funds and prevent a wider crisis remains to be seen.

他已經說服德國總理安格拉·默克爾(Angela Merkel)、法國總統弗朗索瓦·奧朗德(François Hollande)、歐洲央行行長馬里奧·德拉吉(Mario Draghi)，以及其他一些人和他直接討論希臘危機。他能否贏得共識、獲得資金，從而阻止危機擴大，這些仍有待觀察。

Europe has “an overwhelming will to keep Greece in the eurozone,” Pierre Moscovici, the European Commission’s financial affairs chief, told a German newspaper this week. But, he added, “we won’t keep Greece in the eurozone at any price.”

歐洲“非常想讓希臘留在歐元區”，歐盟委員會(European Commission)負責經濟和金融事務的委員皮埃爾·莫斯科維奇(Pierre Moscovici)本週對一家德國報紙說。但是，他表示，“我們不會爲此不惜任何代價。”

European leaders have fast run out of patience with Greece, especially after Mr. Tsipras last week renewed demands that Germany pay Greece billions in reparations from World War II. And Greece’s outspoken finance minister, Yanis Varoufakis, has reportedly alienated some of his eurozone counterparts by changing his position several times during negotiations.

歐洲領導人已經迅速失去了對希臘的耐心，尤其是齊普拉斯上週再次要求德國，向希臘支付數百億美元的二戰賠款之後。希臘直言不諱的財政部長亞尼斯·瓦魯法基斯(Yanis Varoufakis)據說曾在談判中多次改變立場，因此疏遠了歐元區的其他一些財長。

Members of his Syriza party are also agitated over a recent opulent photo shoot of Mr. Varoufakis in the magazine Paris Match.

《巴黎競賽》(Paris Match)雜誌近期刊出了瓦魯法基斯的奢華照片，令他在激進左翼聯盟的同伴情緒激動。