中國富人炒熱海南臨海度假屋

There is a long stretch of sand full of tourists in the Chinese holiday city of Sanya but no one is sunbathing. Aside from a handful of Russians, the local Chinese who make up the majority of beachgoers huddle under umbrellas: for a culture that still prizes pale skin, suntans are not in vogue. Yet business is booming and the tropical island of Hainan, where Sanya and its five-star resorts are located, is fast being dubbed the “Hawaii of the east”.

在中國的旅遊城市三亞，長長的沙灘上游人如織、人滿爲患，但沒有享受日光浴的遊客。除了幾位俄羅斯遊客外。中國國內遊客（海灘遊客的主力軍）大多擠擁在太陽傘底下：中國文化仍崇尚美白肌膚，黝黑皮膚沒有市場。然而，隨着旅遊業蓬勃發展，熱帶島嶼海南很快獲得了“東方夏威夷”的美名，三亞就位於海南島，五星級度假酒店遍佈。

Hainan attracts the well-heeled and the beautiful. Some holidaymakers sport Speedos, others wear stilettos. Among the many golf courses, spas, shopping malls and resorts that have sprung up are private villas and apartments sold as second homes. Hainan is a short flight from many of China’s traffic- and smog-filled cities and, without the visa requirements needed for foreign travel, it is the perfect weekend getaway.

海南吸引各路富豪及佳麗紛至沓來。有些遊客身穿Speedo泳裝，其他遊客則穿着高跟鞋。伴隨拔地而起的衆多高爾夫球場、水療中心、購物商場以及度假中心的是公開發售的私人別墅及公寓房。從中國衆多深受交通擁擠及霧霾之苦的城市坐飛機到海南，十分便捷，且並無國外遊的簽證之需，因此它是絕佳的週末度假去處。

Escape, though, is largely restricted to the wealthy. Depending on location and ocean views, a 200 sq metre apartment in Sanya will cost a minimum of £1m rising to £10m for a 700 sq metre super-villa. “Demand is going up,” says Stanley Cheung, senior manager of investment and sales for southern China at the international estate agents Savills. “The house prices [in Hainan] have had 10 to 15 per cent annual growth.”

但到海南度假基本上僅限於有錢一族。在三亞，從每套起售價100萬英鎊的200平米住房到起售價1000萬英鎊的700平米豪華別墅，不一而足，實際價位取決於地段以及是否屬於海景房。“市場需求不斷見漲，”國際房產經紀機構第一太平戴維斯(Savills)主管華南區投資與銷售的高級經理Stanley Cheung說。“海南房價年增長10%-15%。”

Yet beach resorts are an anomaly in China. The world’s most populous nation boasts 18,000km of coastline and more than 6,000 islands – but ask any Chinese person to name a famous beach and, aside from those in Hainan, they might struggle. Instead, Chinese tourists prefer to spend their holidays visiting historic cities in Europe and the US – a trend that feeds into second-home purchases.

然而，海濱度假村在中國屬於另類。這個全球人口最多的國家擁有長達1.8萬公里的海岸線以及6000多個島嶼，但要讓普通中國人隨便說出一處著名海灘（海南的海灘除外），也許會讓他們捉襟見肘。相反，中國遊客更喜歡瀏覽歐美的歷史文化名城。這種旅遊趨勢，深深地影響到了第二居住地房屋的購買。

“We know the Chinese love shopping and they love going to London and Paris,” says Nick Candy, chief executive of Candy & Candy, which co-authored a recent report on the global high-end leisure property market. “The wealthy are buying second homes – we are seeing that in London, whether as investments or for their kids as they study. But they are not necessarily always buying their second homes as leisure homes.”

“我們深知中國人熱衷購物，愛去倫敦與巴黎逛，”倫敦著名室內設計公司Candy & Candy CEO尼克•凱迪(Nick Candy)說，Candy & Candy公司最近就全球高端休閒地產市場合寫了一份研究報告。“中國富豪如今不斷在倫敦購房，無論是作爲投資、還是爲自家孩子留學之需。但他們購房並不僅僅只是把它當作休閒性住房使用。”

A lack of alternative investment opportunities in China means that property is considered a primary asset. Hainan was earmarked by the Chinese government as a test case for developing “an internationally competitive tourist destination” in 2010, making property a particularly tempting investment.

中國缺乏其它投資渠道意味着房產被當作主要資產。2010年，海南島被中國政府確定爲建設“具有國際競爭力的旅遊勝地”的試點地區，房產成爲尤爲誘人的投資標的。

“People buy homes in Sanya for two purposes,” says Raymond Hau, general manager of Hainan’s Sun Valley Golf Resort, which plans to build upmarket villas. “One is for the value to increase. Second is for their parents who are retired and cannot stand the cold weather in northern China. In November they start coming in and in April they start leaving.”

“在三亞購房有兩大目的，”三亞紅峽谷高爾夫度假村(Sun Valley Golf Resort)總經理雷蒙德( Raymond Hau)說，該度假村計劃興建高檔別墅。“第一個目的是增值之需；第二大目的是爲退休在家的父母親購買，他們難以忍受北方的嚴寒氣候。每年11月份，老人們來海南過冬，於次年4年離開海南返鄉。”

Shanghai-based Ms Yao, 55, who requested that only her surname be used, bought a small two-bedroom apartment in Hainan as a holiday home in 2011 and its value has since doubled. “Previously I hadn’t visited Hainan much,” says Yao, who owns multiple properties. “But now I spend nearly all the holidays there. I’m going to retire soon and Hainan is a heaven for elderly people on holiday.”

55歲的姚女士（要求記者只提及自己的姓氏）來自上海，她於2011年在海南購入一套二臥住房作爲度假之需，如今該套房價格已經翻番。“以前我來海南並不頻繁，”名下擁有多套房的姚女士說。“但現如今，我基本就來此度假。我即將退休，海南是老年人的度假天堂。”

James Macdonald, head of research for Savills China, believes that demand for holiday homes in Hainan may grow further in the next decade as retirement resorts gain traction in China. Tradition dictates that the elderly stay close to their families who help to care for them. But with a rapidly ageing population this might change for those with means.

第一太平戴維斯中國公司研究主管詹姆士•麥克唐納(James Macdonald)認爲：未來十年，隨着中國退休度假村逐步興起，或許會進一步提高海南度假房的需求。中國傳統講究老年人就近於子女居住，以方便子女照顧自己。但隨着人口老齡化加劇，此舉可能會改變有經濟實力老年人的退休生活模式。

For now, however, it is the millionaire jet-setters who are making their presence most felt. Owning a property on Hainan has become a status symbol. New marinas have popped up alongside designer stores, fine-dining restaurants and five-star resorts like the Hilton in Yalong Bay near Sanya. Membership to the Visun Royal Yacht Club in Sanya, one of China’s largest, involves a one-off payment of £18,000, plus annual fees. Sanya Deyou Real Estate is offering a villa for £6.17m, with two parking spaces, a 1,000 sq metre garden and private pool. At the cheaper end, Housing Wealth Management Center has a two-bedroom apartment with sea views and balcony on sale for £823,696.

但眼下，捷足先登海南島的是那些富豪。在海南擁有房產已成爲身份的標誌。在時尚店鋪、高檔餐廳以及五星級度假村（如三亞附近亞龍灣的希爾頓酒店）旁，新建船塢如雨後春筍般涌現。三亞鴻洲國際遊艇俱樂部(Visun Royal Yacht Club)是中國規模最大的遊艇俱樂部之一，其會員除了年費外，還需一次性支付1.8萬英鎊的費用。三亞德佑地產(Sanya Deyou Real Estate)公開發售每套售價617萬英鎊的別墅，它有兩個車位、一座面積1000平米的花園以及一座私人泳池。房屋理財中心(Housing Wealth Management Center)則推出了帶陽臺的兩臥廉價海景房，售價爲82.3696萬英鎊。

With few foreign visitors to Hainan, villas and apartments are designed with Chinese clients in mind. Chinese buyers prefer resorts to secluded huts. They offer everything from spas to conference rooms – crucial for businessmen who use their holiday homes to network. The sail-shaped skyscrapers on Sanya’s Phoenix Island are located on an artificial spit of land jutting into the sea and is being dubbed a “24-hour Las Vegas-style” leisure destination. Harvest Real Estate is offering a two-bedroom apartment there for £1.43m.

來海南觀光的外國遊客屈指可數，所以別墅與公寓的設計專爲本國客戶量身打造。國內買家更喜歡度假村而非遠離塵囂的小屋。度假村從水療中心到會議廳一應俱全，這對於商界人士十分重要，他們可以在度假屋連接因特網處理事務。三亞鳳凰島(Sanya’s Phoenix Island)上一幢幢帆船形的摩天大樓，就建在伸入大海的人工島上，被譽爲“全天候拉斯維加斯風情”的休閒勝地。Harvest Real Estate地產公司則向市場推出每套售價143萬英鎊的二臥住房。

It does not seem that development on Hainan will slow down any time soon, but prices fell there earlier this year and history offers a cautionary lesson. In the 1990s, the government designated Hainan a special economic zone, leading to vast property investment on the island. Some made their fortunes but the bubble soon burst and the economy lay largely dormant for a decade. For now, however, finding a free umbrella on the beach remains the biggest challenge.

海南島的開發步伐短期內似乎不會放慢腳步，但去年初，房價開始下跌，況且已有前車之鑑。上世紀90年代，中國政府把海南定爲經濟特區，房地產開發鋪天蓋地進行。有些人發了大財，但房地產泡沫很快就破裂，在隨後的10多年時間裏，海南經濟停滯不前。但如今，在海南的海灘上要找到一頂免費太陽傘卻是難上加難。

Buying guide

購房指南

● Temperatures range from 18C to 29C. According to the People’s Daily, Hainan has 300 sunny days a year

●海南氣溫介於18℃與29℃間，據《中國日報》(the People’s Daily)報導，海南年均日照天數超過300天；

● The world’s largest duty-free shop is due to open on the island next year. In the first half of 2013, sales from duty-free shops in Hainan hit Rmb5bn and attracted 2m people, says state-run news agency Xinhua

●全球最大的免稅店即將在海南島開業。據中國國有新聞媒體新華社報道：2013年上半年，海南免稅商品的銷售額達50億元，遊客人數突破200萬。

● Buyers who are not local to the island cannot secure a mortgage, so must buy in cash

●非海南遊客無權申請住房貸款，因此購房必須用現金支付。

What you can buy for . . . 

購買力

£500,000: A 250 sq metre flat in Haikou, the largest residential district

50萬英鎊可在海南最大的居住區海口(Haikou)購買一套面積爲250平米的住房；

£1m: A 200 sq metre flat on the Sanya waterfront

100萬英鎊可在三亞購入一套面積200平米的海景房；

£5m: A newly built, 600-800 sq metre, high-end villa in Sanya

500萬英鎊可在三亞購入一套面積600-800平米的新建高端別墅。