雙語暢銷書《艾倫圖靈傳》第3章:思考什麼是思考(89)
In particular, squares marked by special symbols might be taken as immediately recognisable.
Now if these squares are marked only by single symbols there can be only a finite number of them, and we should not upset our theory by adjoining these marked squares to the observed squares.
我認爲，如果這種方格里面是一個單獨符號的話，那麼我們應該避免這種方格出現在視野之內，否則會搞亂我們的理論。If, on the other hand, they are marked by a sequence of symbols, we cannot regard the process of recognition as a simple process.
如果這種方格中有帶有一組符號，那就不能把識別它的過程當作一個基本操作。
This is a fundamental point and should be illustrated.
這是一個應該說明的重要問題，In most mathematical papers the equations and theorems are numbered.
比如說，在大部分數學論文中，定理都是有序號的。Normally the numbers do not go beyond (say) 1000. It is, therefore, possible to recognise a theorem at a glance by its number.
通常這個號碼不會超過1000，我們可以通過號碼，立即找到它指代的定理。But if the paper was very long, we might reach Theorem 157767733443477; then, further on in the paper, we might find '… hence (applying Theorem 157767734443477) we have…'.
但如果論文非常長，有一個第157767733443477定理，那我們讀到後面，讀到一句：……因此（應用定理157767733443477）我們得到……。In order to make sure which was the relevant theorem we should have to compare the two numbers figure by figure, possibly ticking the figures off in pencil to make sure of their not being counted twice.
我們翻回去找這是什麼定理時，就需要逐個數字地比對，也許還要用鉛筆指着，防止眼睛看花。If in spite of this it is still thought that there are other 'immediately recognisable' squares, it does not upset my contention so long as these squares can be found by some process of which my type of machine is capable.…
除此之外，如果還有其它的當前可見的方格，那隻要我的機器能通過某種過程找到它，那就不會搞亂我的理論。The simple operations must therefore include:
基本操作的具體動作包括：(a) Changes of the symbol on one of the observed squares
（a）將一個正在看的方格里面的符號改寫；(b) Changes of one of the squares observed to another square within L squares of one the previously observed squares.
（b）將一條視線，轉移到與它正在看的方格距離小於L的另一個方格；It may be that some of these changes necessarily involve a change of state of mind. The most general single operation must therefore be taken to be one of the following:
也許有些改變還伴隨思維狀態的改變，所以，更普遍的基本操作應該是下面這樣的：(A) A possible change (a) of symbol together with a possible change of state of mind;
（A）對符號進行可能的（a）改變，並對思維狀態進行可能的改變；(B) A possible change (b) of observed squares, together with a possible change of state of mind.
（B）對視線進行可能的（b）改變，並對思維狀態進行可能的改變；The operation actually performed is determined, as has been suggested [above] by the state of mind of the computer and the observed symbols.
這些操作的執行，實際上是確定的，取決於計算者的思維狀態和他觀察到的符號。In particular, they determine the state of mind of the computer after the operation is carried out.
在操作執行後，反過來又會決定計算者的思維狀態。'We may now construct a machine,' Alan wrote, 'to do the work of this computer.'
然後艾倫說，現在，我們可以建造一個機器，來取代這個計算者。
