政府工作報告全文（雙語）

政府工作報告

——2013年3月5日在第十二屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議上

國務院總理　溫家寶

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

Delivered at the First Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress on March 5, 2013

Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council

各位代表：

現在，我代表國務院，向大會報告過去五年的政府工作，並對今年工作提出建議，請各位代表審議，並請全國政協委員提出意見。

Fellow Deputies,

On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you the report on the government's work of the past five years and suggestions for its work this year for your deliberation and for comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、過去五年工作回顧

I. Review of Work in the Past Five Years

第十一屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議以來的五年，是我國發展進程中極不平凡的五年。我們有效應對國際金融危機的嚴重衝擊，保持經濟平穩較快發展，國內生產總值從26.6萬億元增加到51.9萬億元，躍升到世界第二位；公共財政收入從5.1萬億元增加到11.7萬億元；累計新增城鎮就業5870萬人，城鎮居民人均可支配收入和農村居民人均純收入年均分別增長8.8%、9.9%；糧食產量實現“九連增”；重要領域改革取得新進展，開放型經濟達到新水平；創新型國家建設取得新成就，載人航天、探月工程、載人深潛、北斗衛星導航系統、超級計算機、高速鐵路等實現重大突破，第一艘航母“遼寧艦”入列；成功舉辦北京奧運會、殘奧會和上海世博會；奪取抗擊汶川特大地震、玉樹強烈地震、舟曲特大山洪泥石流等嚴重自然災害和災後恢復重建重大勝利。我國社會生產力和綜合國力顯著提高，人民生活水平和社會保障水平顯著提高，國際地位和國際影響力顯著提高。我們圓滿完成“十一五”規劃，順利實施“十二五”規劃。社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態文明建設取得重大進展，譜寫了中國特色社會主義事業新篇章。

The past five years since the First Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress were a truly extraordinary period of time in the course of China's development.

We effectively countered the severe impact of the global financial crisis and maintained steady and fast economic development.

China's GDP increased from 26.6 trillion yuan to 51.9 trillion yuan, and now ranks second in the world.

Government revenue went up from 5.1 trillion yuan to 11.7 trillion yuan.

A total of 58.7 million urban jobs were created.

The per capita disposable income of urban residents rose by an annual average of 8.8%, and the per capita net income of rural residents rose by 9.9%.

Grain output increased for the ninth consecutive year in 2012.

Progress was made in key areas of reform; and the open economy reached a new stage of development.

We made China more innovative. Breakthroughs were made in developing manned spaceflight and the lunar exploration program, building a manned deep-sea submersible, launching the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, developing supercomputers and building high-speed railways. China's first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning, was commissioned.

We successfully hosted the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and the XIII Paralympic Games in Beijing and the World Expo in Shanghai.

We successfully mitigated the impact of the massive Wenchuan earthquake, the strong Yushu earthquake, the huge Zhugqu mudslide and other natural disasters and carried out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.

China's productive forces and overall national strength, its living standards and social security, and its international status and influence all improved significantly.

We successfully completed the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and got off to a good start in implementing the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.

We made significant socialist economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological progress, and wrote a new chapter in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.五年來的主要工作及特點：

The following are the main work we accomplished over the past five years and its main features:

一是有效應對國際金融危機，促進經濟平穩較快發展。過去五年，我們是在持續應對國際金融危機嚴重衝擊中走過來的。這場危機來勢之猛、擴散之快、影響之深，百年罕見。我們沉着應對，及時果斷調整宏觀調控着力點，出臺進一步擴大內需、促進經濟平穩較快增長的十項措施，全面實施一攬子計劃。兩年新增4萬億元投資，其中中央財政投資1.26萬億元，主要用於保障性安居工程、農村民生工程、基礎設施、社會事業、生態環保、自主創新等方面建設和災後恢復重建。五年來，新建各類保障性住房1800多萬套，棚戶區改造住房1200多萬套；完成大中型和重點小型水庫除險加固1.8萬座，治理重點中小河流2.45萬公里，新增節水灌溉面積770萬公頃；新增鐵路里程1.97萬公里，其中高速鐵路8951公里，京滬、京廣、哈大等高鐵和一批城際鐵路相繼投入運營；新增公路60.9萬公里，其中高速公路4．2萬公里，高速公路總里程達9.56萬公里；新建機場31個；新增萬噸級港口泊位602個；一批跨江跨海大橋、連島工程相繼建成；西氣東輸、西電東送、南水北調等重大工程順利推進或建成；非化石能源快速發展，水電、風電裝機位居世界第一；重建後的汶川、玉樹、舟曲等災區發生了翻天覆地的變化。這些舉世矚目的成就，對我們有效應對國際金融危機嚴重衝擊發揮了至關重要的作用，爲經濟社會長遠發展打下了堅實基礎，已經並將繼續造福億萬人民。

我們始終注重處理好保持經濟平穩較快發展、調整經濟結構和管理通脹預期的關係，增強宏觀政策的前瞻性、科學性、有效性，注意把握好政策的取向、力度和重點。在國際金融危機衝擊最嚴重時，果斷實施積極的財政政策和適度寬鬆的貨幣政策，綜合運用多種財政政策工具，增加政府支出，實行結構性減稅；有效運用存款準備金率、利率等貨幣政策工具，保持貨幣信貸合理增長。根據宏觀經濟走勢的變化，我們及時調整政策力度，適時退出刺激政策，實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策。在財政政策運用上，堅持統籌兼顧，注重綜合平衡。財政赤字佔國內生產總值的比重從2009年的2.8%降到去年的1.5%左右，赤字率和債務負擔率保持在安全水平。加強地方政府性債務全面審計和地方政府融資平臺管理，有效控制經濟運行中的風險隱患。在貨幣政策運用上，始終注意把握穩增長、控物價和防風險之間的平衡。金融體系運行穩健，銀行業風險抵禦能力持續增強，資本充足率從2007年底的8.4%提升到去年底的13.3%，不良貸款率由6.1%下降到0.95%。堅持搞好房地產市場調控不動搖，遏制了房價過快上漲勢頭。2012年，在世界各大經濟體增長全面減速、各種風險不斷暴露的情況下，我們合理把握政策力度，保持財政預算支出規模不變，優化支出結構，扭轉經濟下滑趨勢，全面實現年初確定的主要目標，國內生產總值增長7.8%，城鎮新增就業1266萬人，居民消費價格漲幅回落到2.6%，爲今年經濟發展打下好的基礎。

這五年，我國宏觀經濟總體上保持增速平穩較快、物價相對穩定、就業持續增加、國際收支趨於平衡的良好態勢，國內生產總值年均增長9.3%，顯著高於同期全球和新興經濟體的增速，通貨膨脹率遠低於其他新興經濟體。我國經濟穩定，充滿活力。

回首這五年，面對國際經濟形勢複雜多變、持續低迷的嚴峻挑戰，中央科學判斷、果斷決策，有效避免了我國現代化進程因巨大的外部衝擊而出現大的波折，實踐證明這些決策部署是完全正確的。

In the past five years, we averted the grievous consequences of the global financial crisis, whose abruptness, rapid spread and profound impact were rarely seen in the past century. We responded to the crisis calmly, made timely and decisive adjustments to the focus of macro-control, adopted ten measures to increase domestic demand and promote steady and rapid economic growth, and implemented a comprehensive package plan. In a two-year period, an additional four trillion yuan of government investment was made, with 1.26 trillion yuan from the central government, mainly for building government-subsidized housing, improving rural people's wellbeing, building infrastructure, developing social programs, improving the environment, promoting innovation, and carrying out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.

Over the past five years:

More than 18 million government-subsidized housing units of various types were built, and over 12 million housing units in run-down areas were upgraded.

A total of 18,000 large and medium-sized and key small reservoirs were reinforced, 24,500 kilometers of key small and medium-length rivers were harnessed, and water-saving irrigated farmland was increased by 7.7 million hectares.

A total of 19,700 kilometers of new rail lines were built, 8,951 kilometers of which are high-speed railways.

The high-speed Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou and Harbin-Dalian railways and a number of intercity railways were opened to traffic.

A total of 609,000 kilometers of new roads were built, 42,000 kilometers of which are expressways, increasing the total length of expressways in service to 95,600 kilometers.

Thirty-one airports and 602 shipping berths for 10,000-ton ships were built.

A number of bridges over rivers and bays and linking islands with other islands and the mainland were completed.

Smooth progress was made in major projects such as those for transporting natural gas and electricity from the west to the east and diverting water from the south to the north, and some of the projects have been completed.

Non-fossil energy production developed rapidly, and China now ranks first in the world in the installed capacity of both hydropower and wind power.

Reconstruction of the Wenchuan, Yushu and Zhugqu disaster areas transformed them completely.

These impressive achievements played a vital role in our effective response to the severe impact of the global financial crisis, and laid a solid foundation for sustaining China's economic and social development. They have benefited and will continue to benefit hundreds of millions of people.

We always strove to maintain a balance between ensuring steady and rapid economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations. We made government macro policies more forward-looking, scientific and effective and implemented them with proper orientation, force and focus.

When the impact of the global financial crisis was at its worst, we resolutely implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy, employed a full range of financial policy tools, increased government spending and made structural tax reductions. We effectively employed monetary policy instruments such as adjusting required reserve ratios and interest rates to maintain proper growth in the money and credit supply.

In response to changing macroeconomic trends, we promptly adjusted the intensity of policy implementation, reduced the force of stimulus policies at an appropriate time, and implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.

We took a holistic and balanced approach in employing fiscal policy. As a result, the government deficit dropped from 2.8% of GDP in 2009 to about 1.5% last year, and both deficit-to-GDP and debt-to-GDP ratios remained at a safe level. We strengthened comprehensive auditing of local governments' debt and management of their financing platforms, thus effectively controlling latent economic risks.

In employing monetary policy, we maintained a balance between ensuring steady growth, maintaining price stability and warding off risks. The financial system functioned soundly. The banking sector became better able to avert risks. Its capital adequacy rate increased from 8.4% at the end of 2007 to 13.3% by the end of last year, and its non-performing loans dropped from 6.1% to 0.95%.

We kept a firm grip on the real estate market and kept housing prices from rising too quickly.

In 2012, when other major economies in the world were experiencing a slowdown in growth and constantly encountered new risks, we maintained a proper intensity in policy implementation, kept budgetary spending unchanged, improved the spending mix, and reversed the decline in economic growth. As a result, we attained all the main targets set at the beginning of the year: GDP grew by 7.8%, 12.66 million urban jobs were created, and the rise in the CPI fell to 2.6%. All this laid a good foundation for China's economic development this year.

Over the past five years:

China's economy as a whole maintained steady and rapid growth.

Prices remained fairly stable.

Employment steadily increased.

The balance of payments moved toward equilibrium.

GDP grew at an average annual rate of 9.3%, considerably higher than the average global rate and the average rate of other emerging economies for the same period.

China's inflation rate was also much lower than that of other emerging economies.

The Chinese economy is stable and full of vitality.

In the last five years, faced with severe challenges posed by a complex and volatile international economic environment and a sluggish global economy, the central leadership, on the basis of a scientific judgment of the situation, made resolute decisions that steered China's modernization drive clear of major pitfalls created by huge external shocks. Experience fully proves these decisions and implementing steps were entirely correct.二是加快經濟結構調整，提高經濟發展的質量和效益。堅持實施擴大內需戰略，內需對經濟增長的貢獻率明顯提高，經常項目順差佔國內生產總值的比重從10.1%下降到2.6%。居民消費結構加快升級。2012年底，城鎮和農村人均住房面積32.9平方米、37.1平方米，分別比2007年增加2.8平方米和5.5平方米；城鎮居民每百戶擁有家用汽車21.5輛，比2007年增加15.5輛；旅遊、文化消費大幅增加。堅持走中國特色新型工業化道路，大力推進產業轉型升級。我國製造業規模躍居全球首位，高技術製造業增加值年均增長13.4%，成爲國民經濟重要先導性、支柱性產業；清潔能源、節能環保、新一代信息技術、生物醫藥、高端裝備製造等一批戰略性新興產業快速發展。產品質量整體水平不斷提高。服務業增加值佔國內生產總值比重提高2.7個百分點，成爲吸納就業最多的產業。紮實推進節能減排和生態環境保護。五年累計，共淘汰落後鍊鐵產能1.17億噸、鍊鋼產能7800萬噸、水泥產能7.75億噸；新增城市污水日處理能力4600萬噸；單位國內生產總值能耗下降17.2%，化學需氧量、二氧化硫排放總量分別下降15.7%和17.5%。修訂環境空氣質量標準，增加細顆粒物PM2.5等監測指標。推進天然林保護、退耕還林、防沙治沙等重點生態工程建設，五年累計完成造林2953萬公頃，治理沙漠化、石漠化土地1196萬公頃，綜合治理水土流失面積24.6萬平方公里，整治國土面積18萬平方公里。深入實施區域發展總體戰略，頒佈實施全國主體功能區規劃，制定西部大開發新十年指導意見和一系列區域發展規劃，加快推進西藏、新疆等地區跨越式發展，制定實施新十年農村扶貧開發綱要，將扶貧標準提高到2300元（2010年不變價），加強集中連片特殊困難地區扶貧攻堅。中西部和東北地區主要發展指標增速高於全國平均水平，東部地區產業轉型升級步伐加快，各具特色、良性互動的區域發展格局正在形成。積極穩妥推進城鎮化，五年轉移農村人口8463萬人，城鎮化率由45.9%提高到52.6%，城鄉結構發生了歷史性變化。城鄉、區域發展的協調性明顯增強。

2. Accelerating adjustment of the economic structure and improving the quality and performance of economic development

We adhered to the strategy of expanding domestic demand. As a result, the contribution of domestic demand to economic growth increased significantly, and the share of current account surplus in the GDP dropped from 10.1% to 2.6%.

The upgrading in the mix of private consumption accelerated.

-- At the end of 2012, the per capita living area of urban and rural residents was 32.9 square meters and 37.1 square meters respectively, an increase of 2.8 and 5.5 over 2007.

-- Car ownership stood at 21.5 cars per 100 urban households, an increase of 15.5 over 2007.

-- Travel- and entertainment-related spending has risen substantially.

We adhered to the new path of industrialization with distinctive Chinese features and promoted transformation and upgrading of industrial sectors.

-- China's manufacturing industry became the largest in the world. With added-value growing at an average annual rate of 13.4% during the past five years, high-tech manufacturing has become a leading pillar of the economy.

-- Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly, including clean energy, energy conservation, environmental protection, next-generation information and communication technology, biomedicines, and high-end equipment manufacturing.

-- The overall quality of manufactured goods steadily improved.

-- The share of value-added of the service sector in the GDP increased by 2.7 percentage points, and it now creates more jobs than any other sector.

We made steady progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and protecting the environment. Over the past five years, the following backward production facilities were closed:

-- Iron works with a total output capacity of 117 million tons.

-- Steel mills with a capacity of 78 million tons.

-- Cement plants with a capacity of 775 million tons.

Moreover, in the past five years:

-- Daily urban sewage treatment capacity increased by 46 million tons.

-- Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 17.2%.

-- Total chemical oxygen demand fell by 15.7%.

-- Total sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 17.5%.

-- Environmental air quality standards were revised.

-- The air quality index for monitoring fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was added.

Progress was made in major ecological projects to protect virgin forests, afforest marginal farmland, and prevent and control desertification. Over the past five years:

-- An additional 29.53 million hectares of land were planted with trees.

-- Desertification was halted on 11.96 million hectares of land.

-- Soil erosion on 246,000 square kilometers of land was brought under control.

-- A total of 180,000 square kilometers of land were improved.

We implemented the master strategy for regional development, promulgated and implemented the national plan for developing functional zones, formulated new ten-year guidelines for the large-scale development of the western region and a number of regional development plans, and accelerated leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang. We formulated and implemented a new ten-year program for rural poverty alleviation and development, raised the poverty line to 2,300 yuan at 2010 prices, and intensified efforts to alleviate poverty in contiguous areas with acute difficulties. Major economic indicators rose faster in the central and western regions and northeast China than the national average. Transformation and upgrading of the industrial sector in the eastern region accelerated, and a pattern of regional development is taking shape in which each region both has its distinctive strengths and draws on the strengths of other regions.

We advanced urbanization actively yet prudently. Over the past five years:

-- A total of 84.63 million rural residents migrated to urban areas.

-- The urbanization level rose from 45.9% to 52.6%, marking a historic turning point in China's urban-rural population structure.

Development between urban and rural areas and between regions became more balanced.三是毫不放鬆地抓好“三農”工作，鞏固和加強農業基礎地位。我們堅持在工業化、信息化、城鎮化深入發展中同步推進農業現代化，集中力量辦成了一些關係農業農村長遠發展、關係農民切身利益的大事。加大財政投入，中央財政“三農”累計支出4.47萬億元，年均增長23.5％。建立健全種糧農民補貼制度和主產區利益補償機制，補貼標準逐年提高，覆蓋範圍不斷擴大，補貼資金從2007年的639億元增加到2012年的1923億元。加強農村金融服務，涉農貸款餘額從2007年末的6.12萬億元增加到2012年末的17.63萬億元。實行糧食最低收購價政策，小麥、稻穀最低收購價累計提高41.7%到86.7%。加強耕地保護，維護農民權益，爲完善農村集體土地徵收補償制度做了大量準備工作。加快推進農業科技進步和現代農業建設，加大對良種繁育、動植物疫病防控、基層農技推廣的支持力度。大力興修水利，開展農村土地整治，建設高標準農田，耕地面積保持在18.2億畝以上。糧食綜合生產能力躍上新臺階，糧食總產量連續6年穩定在萬億斤以上並逐年增加。加強農村水電路氣等基礎設施建設，新建改建農村公路146.5萬公里，改造農村危房1033萬戶，解決了3億多農村人口的飲水安全和無電區445萬人的用電問題，農村生產生活條件不斷改善。積極引導農村富餘勞動力轉向非農產業，農民人均純收入持續較快增長，2010年以來城鄉居民相對收入差距逐步縮小。深化農村綜合改革。集體林權制度主體改革基本完成，全面推進農村集體土地確權頒證工作，開展農村土地承包經營權登記試點。農業農村發展的好形勢，爲應對國際金融危機和各種自然災害嚴重衝擊、穩定經濟社會發展大局提供了重要支撐。

3. Unremittingly doing our work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers well, and consolidating and strengthening the position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy

We carried out agricultural modernization while deepening industrialization, application of information and communication technologies (ICT), and urbanization, and we pooled resources to accomplish a number of major tasks that are important to the long-term development of agriculture and rural areas and to the vital interests of farmers.

-- We increased central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers, which totaled 4.47 trillion yuan for the past five years and rose by an average annual rate of 23.5%.

-- We established a sound system for subsidizing grain farmers and a sound mechanism for subsidizing major grain-producing areas, broadened the coverage of the subsidies, and raised them every year, from 63.9 billion yuan in 2007 to 192.3 billion yuan in 2012.

-- We provided more rural financial services, and the outstanding balance of bank loans to agriculture, rural areas and farmers increased from 6.12 trillion yuan at the end of 2007 to 17.63 trillion yuan at the end of 2012.

-- We carried out the policy of minimum grain purchase prices and raised the floor prices for wheat and rice between 41.7% and 86.7%.

-- We intensified protection of farmland and farmers' rights and interests, and made a lot of preparations to improve the system of compensating for expropriation of rural collective land.

-- We made greater progress in agricultural science and technology and the development of modern agriculture, and we increased support for cultivating superior varieties and breeds, preventing and controlling animal and plant epidemics, and spreading agricultural technology in villages.

-- We built more water conservancy projects, improved rural land, developed high-grade farmland, and kept the country's total area of farmland over 121.3 million hectares.

-- Thanks to these efforts, China's overall grain production capacity reached a new level, and its grain output in each of the past six years increased and exceeded 500 million tons.

-- We strengthened rural infrastructure such as roads and water, power and methane supply capacity. We built or upgraded 1.465 million kilometers of rural roads, renovated run-down houses for 10.33 million rural households, provided safe drinking water for an additional 300 million plus rural residents, and delivered electricity to 4.45 million people in areas without power supply. This led to steady improvement in rural productivity and quality of life.

-- We encouraged surplus rural workers to find nonagricultural employment. The per capita net income of rural residents grew rapidly, and the relative income gap between urban and rural residents has progressively narrowed since 2010.

-- We deepened overall rural reform.

-- We basically completed the main tasks for reforming the collective forest tenure system, made comprehensive progress in determining, registering and certifying collective land ownership, and carried out trials for registering contracted rural land-use rights.

Sound agricultural and rural development provided important support for China to counter the severe impact of the global financial crisis and natural disasters and maintain overall stability in economic and social development.四是堅持實施科教興國戰略，增強經濟社會發展的核心支撐能力。我們加快實施國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃綱要，制定實施國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要、國家中長期人才發展規劃綱要和國家知識產權戰略，推動科技、教育、文化事業全面發展，爲國家長遠發展奠定了堅實基礎。

優先發展教育事業。國家財政性教育經費支出五年累計7.79萬億元，年均增長21.58%，2012年佔國內生產總值比例達到4%。教育資源重點向農村、邊遠、民族、貧困地區傾斜，教育公平取得明顯進步。全面實現城鄉九年免費義務教育，惠及1.6億學生。實施學前教育三年行動計劃，“入園難”問題有所緩解。國家助學制度不斷完善，建立了家庭經濟困難學生資助體系，實現從學前教育到研究生教育各個階段全覆蓋，每年資助金額近1000億元，資助學生近8000萬人次。實施中等職業教育免學費政策，覆蓋範圍包括所有農村學生、城市涉農專業學生和家庭經濟困難學生。初步解決進城務工人員隨遷子女在城市接受義務教育問題，現有1260萬農村戶籍孩子在城市接受義務教育。實施惠及3000多萬農村義務教育階段學生營養改善計劃。完成中小學校舍安全工程。加快職業教育基礎能力和特殊教育基礎設施建設。義務教育學校實施績效工資，在教育部直屬師範大學實行師範生免費教育，加強了農村教師隊伍建設。全面提高教育質量和水平，高等教育毛入學率提高到30%。國民受教育程度大幅提升，15歲以上人口平均受教育年限達到9年以上。

大力推動自主創新。中央財政用於科技的投入五年累計8729億元，年均增長超過18%。全社會研究與試驗發展經費支出佔國內生產總值的比重由2007年的1.4%提高到2012年的1.97%，企業研發活動支出佔比超過74%。出臺深化科技體制改革加快國家創新體系建設的意見。深入實施國家技術創新工程和知識創新工程，紮實推進國家科技重大專項，新建一批國家工程中心、重點實驗室和企業技術中心。加強基礎研究和前沿探索，突破一批關鍵核心技術，填補了多項重大產品和裝備的空白。

深入實施人才強國戰略。以高層次、高技能人才爲重點，加強各類人才隊伍建設，專業技術人才、高技能人才分別增加860萬人和880萬人，留學回國人員達到54萬人。

大力加強文化建設。覆蓋城鄉的公共文化設施網絡體系初步建成，博物館、圖書館、文化館（站）實現免費開放。國有經營性文化單位轉企改制任務基本完成，公益性文化事業單位內部機制改革不斷深化。哲學社會科學、新聞出版、廣播影視、文學藝術等更加繁榮，文化產業快速發展。文物保護、非物質文化遺產保護和傳承取得重要進展。對外文化交流更加活躍。全民健身和競技體育取得新成績。

4. Steadfastly implementing the strategy for making China strong through the development of science and education, and boosting the country's core ability to sustain economic and social development

We accelerated implementation of the National Plan for Long- and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development; formulated and implemented the National Plan for Long- and Medium-Term Education Reform and Development, the National Plan for Long- and Medium-Term Development of Competent Personnel and the national strategy on intellectual property rights. This gave impetus to all-around progress in science and technology, education, and culture and laid a solid foundation for ensuring China's long-term development.

We gave high priority to developing education. Government spending on education totaled 7.79 trillion yuan over the past five years, increasing at an average annual rate of 21.58% to reach 4% of GDP in 2012. We allocated educational resources, giving priority to rural, remote, poor and ethnic minority areas and made notable progress in improving fairness in education. We made free nine-year compulsory education universal across the country, benefiting 160 million students. A three-year action plan for preschool education was carried out, and the shortage of preschools was eased. We improved the system of state financial aid to students, and established a system for giving students from poor families financial aid from preschool through graduate school. We spent approximately 100 billion yuan annually for this purpose and assisted nearly 80 million students. We implemented the policy of tuition-free secondary vocational education for all rural students and all urban students who study agriculture-related majors or are from poor families. The problem of providing compulsory education to children of rural migrants working in cities was basically solved, and 12.6 million children with rural residence status are now receiving compulsory education in cities. We implemented the plan for improving nutrition of rural students receiving compulsory education to the benefit of over 30 million students. We completed the project to improve the safety of primary and secondary school buildings. We sped up development of infrastructure for vocational and special education. The pay of teachers in compulsory education is now linked to their performance. Students majoring in education at teachers universities directly under the Ministry of Education were exempted from paying tuition, and the ranks of rural teachers were strengthened. The quality and level of education in China was comprehensively raised, and the gross college enrollment rate rose to 30%. The education level of the people was raised significantly, and the average length of schooling of people over the age of 15 now exceeds nine years.

We vigorously promoted innovation. The central government spent 872.9 billion yuan to develop science and technology in the past five years, with an average annual increase of over 18%. China's R&D spending accounted for 1.97% of GDP in 2012, up from 1.4% in 2007, and over 74% of this spending was made by companies. The Guidelines on Deepening Reform of the Management System for Science and Technology and Accelerating Development of a National Innovation System were adopted. We carried out a national technology innovation project and a knowledge innovation project, made solid progress in implementing major national R&D projects, and set up a number of national engineering centers, key laboratories and enterprise technology centers. We boosted basic research and research in frontier areas, made breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and filled in gaps in many important products and equipment.

We implemented the strategy for making China strong through training competent personnel. We trained more personnel of all types, with the focus on high-level and highly skilled personnel. As a result, the number of personnel with special expertise and highly skilled personnel increased by 8.6 million and 8.8 million respectively. A total of 540,000 overseas students returned.

We put greater effort into developing the cultural sector. A network of public cultural facilities covering both urban and rural areas is taking shape, and all museums, libraries and cultural centers in China are open to the public free of charge. We basically transformed state-owned for-profit cultural institutions into business enterprises, and deepened reform of internal operating mechanisms of nonprofit cultural institutions. Philosophy and the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, television and film, and literature and art are flourishing, and cultural industries developed rapidly. We made major progress in protecting cultural relics and preserving and passing on intangible cultural heritage. Cultural exchanges with other countries increased. New progress was made in nationwide fitness activities and competitive sports.五是堅持把人民利益放在第一位，着力保障和改善民生。我們把就業作爲保障和改善民生的頭等大事，實施積極的就業政策。加強重點人羣就業工作，提高職業培訓和就業服務水平，五年累計投入就業專項資金1973億元，實現高校畢業生就業2800萬人，城鎮就業困難人員就業830萬人，保持了就業形勢總體穩定。全面推進社會保障體系建設，建立新型農村社會養老保險和城鎮居民社會養老保險制度，城鄉居民基本養老保險實現了制度全覆蓋，各項養老保險參保達到7.9億人。企業退休人員基本養老金從2004年人均每月700元提高到現在的1721元。妥善解決關閉破產企業退休人員、困難企業職工、國有企業老工傷人員、未參保集體企業退休人員社會保險等問題。深化醫藥衛生體制改革，建立新型農村合作醫療制度和城鎮居民基本醫療保險制度，全民基本醫保體系初步形成，各項醫療保險參保超過13億人，加強城鄉基層醫療衛生服務體系建設，建立基本藥物制度並在基層醫療機構實施，公立醫院改革試點穩步推進。國民健康水平進一步提高，人均預期壽命達到75歲。健全城鄉居民低保、醫療、教育、法律等救助制度，改革完善孤兒保障、流浪兒童救助保護、農村五保供養制度。頒佈實施新的中國婦女、兒童發展綱要，依法保障婦女兒童合法權益。建立健全城鎮保障性住房制度，覆蓋面逐步擴大，2012年底已達到12.5%。社會保障制度建設取得歷史性的巨大成就。不斷加強和創新社會管理，建立健全應急管理體系，發揮城鄉社區自治和服務功能，社會保持和諧穩定。

5. Putting the people's interests first and striving to ensure and improve their wellbeing

We made expanding employment the top priority in ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and pursued a proactive employment policy. Over the past five years, we allocated 197.3 billion yuan of employment funds to help targeted groups obtain employment and to improve vocational training and employment services. As a result, 28 million university graduates and 8.3 million urban residents having difficulty finding jobs found employment. All this kept the overall employment situation stable.

We made comprehensive progress in developing the social security system: A new old-age insurance system for rural residents and an old-age insurance system for non-working urban residents were established, and the basic old-age insurance system now covers both urban and rural residents. A total of 790 million people are now covered by different old-age insurance schemes. Basic pensions for enterprise retirees rose from an average of 700 yuan per month in 2004 to 1,721 yuan at present. We extended social security coverage to retirees of closed or bankrupt enterprises, employees of enterprises with operating difficulties, employees of state-owned enterprises who suffered work-related injuries in the past, and uninsured retirees of collectively owned enterprises.

We deepened reform of the medical and health care systems, established a new type of rural cooperative medical care system and a basic medical insurance scheme for non-working urban residents. A basic medical insurance system that covers the whole population is taking shape, and over 1.3 billion people are now covered by different medical insurance schemes. We improved community-level medical and health care services, and established a system for using basic drugs and implemented it in community-level medical institutions. Steady progress was made in the trial reform of public hospitals. People's health further improved, and the average life expectancy reached 75 years.

The systems for aiding needy rural and urban residents with subsistence allowances, medical care, education and legal assistance were improved. We reformed and improved systems for providing social security to orphans, helping and protecting homeless children, and giving childless and infirm rural residents assistance in the form of food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses.

We promulgated and implemented new programs for the development of Chinese women and children, and protected their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the law.

We established a sound government-subsidized urban housing system and extended it to cover 12.5% of the country's urban households by the end of 2012.

Historic achievements were made in developing the social security system. We strengthened and made innovations in social management, put in place a sound emergency response system, encouraged urban and rural communities to fully play their self-governance and service roles, and maintained social harmony and stability.

六是深化重要領域改革，增強經濟社會發展的內在活力。我們不失時機地推進改革，在一些重要領域取得重大進展。大力推進財稅體制改革，完善轉移支付制度，全面建立縣級基本財力保障機制，基層政府提供基本公共服務的能力有所提高；由公共財政預算、政府性基金預算、國有資本經營預算、社會保險基金預算組成的預算體系框架基本形成，預算外資金全部納入預算管理；統一內外資企業稅制，實現增值稅轉型，實施成品油價格和稅費改革，開展營業稅改徵增值稅試點，改革資源稅制度，財稅體制對加快轉變經濟發展方式的促進作用增強。全面深化金融體制改革，國有大型商業銀行股份制改革順利完成，政策性金融機構改革有序推進，農村信用社改革成效明顯，銀行業新監管標準實施，創業板、股指期貨和融資融券業務相繼推出，保險業改革開放深入推進，人民幣匯率形成機制不斷完善，利率市場化和資本項目可兌換改革穩步推進，建立宏觀審慎政策框架，擴大人民幣在跨境貿易和投資中的使用。我國銀行、證券、保險業的抗風險能力和國際競爭力顯著提升，爲成功應對國際金融危機衝擊奠定了堅實基礎。國有企業改革不斷深化，素質提高，競爭力明顯增強。制定鼓勵和引導民間投資健康發展的指導意見和實施細則，非公有制經濟發展環境不斷改善。建立生態補償制度，開展排污權和碳排放權交易試點。事業單位分類改革積極推進。

6. Deepening reform in key areas and enhancing the vitality of economic and social development

We lost no opportunity to carry out reform and achieved great progress in a number of key areas.

We vigorously reformed the fiscal and taxation systems, improved the system of transfer payments and established a mechanism for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments across the country. County- and township-level governments became more capable of providing basic public services. We put in place the basic framework of a system of budgets for public finances, government-managed funds, state capital operations and social security funds, and all extrabudgetary funds were placed under budgetary management. We unified the corporate tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises, implemented VAT reform, reformed pricing of refined oil products and related taxes and fees, carried out pilot projects to replace business tax with VAT, and reformed the resource tax system. This strengthened the role of the fiscal and taxation systems in accelerating the change of the growth model.

We comprehensively deepened reform of the financial system. Specifically, we smoothly completed the transformation of large state-owned commercial banks into joint-stock companies and carried out reform of policy-based financial institutions in an orderly way. We made notable achievements in reforming rural credit cooperatives, implemented new oversight and supervision standards in the banking industry, launched the ChiNext stock market, and introduced stock index futures and securities margin trading. We deepened reform of the insurance industry and opened it wider. We improved the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate, made steady progress in making interest rates more market-based and promoting the RMB's convertibility under capital accounts, established a macroprudential policy framework, and expanded the use of the RMB in cross-border trade and investment. China's banking, securities and insurance industries became significantly more resilient to risks and internationally competitive, and they underpinned our successful response to the global financial crisis.

Reform of state-owned enterprises deepened, their performance improved and their competitiveness was significantly enhanced. We formulated the Guidelines on Encouraging and Guiding the Sound Development of Nongovernmental Investment and rules for their implementation, and the environment for the development of the non-public sector of the economy improved. We adopted a system for compensating for ecological damage and carried out trials for trading pollution discharge and carbon emission rights. We carried out function-based reform of public institutions.各位代表！

我們要全面正確貫徹黨的民族政策，堅持和完善民族區域自治制度，鞏固和發展平等團結互助和諧的社會主義民族關係。

我們要全面貫徹黨的宗教工作基本方針，促進宗教關係和諧，發揮宗教界人士和信教羣衆在經濟社會發展中的積極作用。

我們要認真落實黨的僑務政策，支持海外僑胞、歸僑僑眷關心和參與祖國現代化建設與和平統一大業。

我們要加快推進國防和軍隊現代化，建設鞏固的國防和強大的軍隊，堅決維護國家主權、安全、領土完整，保障國家和平發展。

我們要堅持“一國兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治方針，團結廣大港澳同胞，保持香港、澳門長期繁榮穩定。

我們要堅持中央對臺工作大政方針，全面貫徹兩岸關係和平發展重要思想，鞏固深化兩岸關係和平發展的政治、經濟、文化、社會基礎，在同心實現中華民族偉大復興進程中完成祖國統一大業。

我們要繼續高舉和平、發展、合作、共贏的旗幟，始終不渝走和平發展道路，堅持獨立自主的和平外交政策，推動世界持久和平、共同繁榮。

Fellow Deputies,

We should fully and faithfully implement the Party's policy on ethnic groups; adhere to and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy; and strengthen and develop socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony.

We should fully implement the Party's basic policy on religion, promote harmonious religious relations, and get religious figures and believers actively involved in economic and social development.

We should assiduously implement the policy of the Party on overseas Chinese affairs and support overseas Chinese as well as returned Chinese and their relatives in endorsing and participating in China's endeavors to achieve modernization and peaceful reunification.

We should accelerate modernization of national defense and the armed forces so as to strengthen China's defense and military capabilities. We should resolutely uphold China's sovereignty, security and territorial integrity and ensure its peaceful development.

We should adhere to the principles of "one country, two systems"; the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong; the people of Macao governing Macao; and both regions enjoying a high degree of autonomy. We should rally our compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao around us and maintain long-term prosperity and stability of the two regions.

We should adhere to the policy of the Party Central Committee on Taiwan-related work; fully implement the important thinking on cultivating peaceful cross-Straits relations; strengthen and deepen the political, economic, cultural and social foundation for their growth; and accomplish the reunification of the motherland in the course of working together with our compatriots in Taiwan to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

We should continue to hold high the banner of peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit; unswervingly pursue peaceful development; adhere to our independent foreign policy of peace; and promote durable peace and common prosperity in the world.

各位代表！

回顧過去，我們在中國特色社會主義道路上創造出不平凡的業績。展望未來，偉大祖國展現出前所未有的光明前景。讓我們在以習近平同志爲總書記的黨中央領導下，萬衆一心，奮發圖強，爲全面建成小康社會、實現中華民族的偉大復興而奮鬥！

Fellow Deputies,

We have achieved remarkable progress along the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the past, and now we envision an ever-brighter future for our great country. Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary, let us unite as one and work hard to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

（注：PM2.5爲PM右下角加2.5）

（注：M2爲M右下角加2）

七是堅定不移擴大對外開放，全面提升開放型經濟水平。我們積極應對外部環境的急劇變化，及時出臺穩定外需的政策措施，實施市場多元化戰略，進出口總額年均增長12.2%，從世界第三位提升到第二位，其中出口額躍居世界第一位，佔國際市場份額比2007年提高2個多百分點，進出口結構優化，貿易大國地位進一步鞏固。五年累計實際利用外資5528億美元，利用外資的結構和佈局明顯優化，質量和水平顯著提升。加快實施“走出去”戰略，鼓勵各類企業開展對外投資和跨國經營，非金融類對外直接投資從2007年的248億美元上升到2012年的772億美元，年均增長25.5%，躋身對外投資大國行列。對外開放有力促進了我國經濟發展和結構優化，吸收了先進技術和管理經驗，增加了就業和職工收入，也爲推動世界經濟復甦作出了重要貢獻。

7. Unswervingly opening wider to the outside world and comprehensively improving the performance of the open economy

We actively responded to drastic changes in the external environment, promptly introduced policies and measures to stabilize external demand, and implemented the strategy of diversifying markets. During the past five years, China's import and export volume grew by an annual average of 12.2% and rose from third to second place in the world. China has become the largest exporter in the world, and its international market share increased by over two percentage points over 2007. China's import and export mix improved, and its status as a trading power was further strengthened.

Over the past five years, we utilized US$ 552.8 billion of foreign investment, considerably improved the structure and distribution of this investment, and made much better use of it.

We quickened the implementation of the "go global" strategy and encouraged enterprises of various types to invest and operate overseas. Non-financial outward direct investment increased from $24.8 billion in 2007 to $77.2 billion in 2012, growing at an average annual rate of 25.5%. This turned China into a major overseas investor country.

Opening up vigorously stimulated China's economic development and structural improvement, brought in advanced foreign technologies and managerial expertise, and increased employment and workers' income, and also made an important contribution to global economic recovery.

八是切實加強政府自身建設，進一步深化行政體制改革。推進政府機構改革，初步建立職能統一的大部門體制框架。我們始終把實行科學民主決策、堅持依法行政、推進政務公開、健全監督制度、加強廉政建設作爲政府工作的基本準則。在規範行政權力運行，建設服務政府、責任政府、法治政府和廉潔政府方面，採取了一系列新舉措，邁出了新步伐。堅持科學決策、民主決策、依法決策，健全公衆參與、專家論證、風險評估、合法性審查和集體討論決定等政府決策程序。深化行政審批制度改革，五年中分兩輪取消和調整行政審批事項498項，國務院各部門取消和調整的審批項目總數達到2497項，佔原有審批項目的69.3%。大力推動政務公開，重點推進財政預算決算公開和公務接待、公務車購置使用、因公出國出境經費公開，讓人民羣衆更加全面地瞭解政府工作，更加有效地監督政府行爲。審計監督的力度越來越大，成效越來越明顯。全面加強反腐倡廉建設，加強領導幹部廉潔自律的監督管理。探索建立政府績效管理制度，建立並切實執行以行政首長爲重點的行政問責制度，努力提高行政效能。

8. Effectively strengthening governance and deepening reform of the administrative system

We proceeded with the reform of government agencies and put in place the basic institutional framework for establishing larger government departments that integrate the functions smaller ones had performed. We always observed the following basic norms in exercising governance: making policy decisions scientifically and democratically, conducting administration in accordance with the law, promoting transparency in government operations, improving the oversight system and upholding integrity. We adopted new measures and made new progress in exercising government power according to due procedures and in building a service-oriented, accountable, law-based and clean government. We took the following steps to improve government decision-making procedures: making policy decisions scientifically and democratically in accordance with the law; soliciting opinions from the public; and conducting expert evaluation, risk assessment, legality review, and collective discussion.

We deepened reform of the system of review and approval by government bodies and eliminated or streamlined 498 items requiring such review and approval in two stages over the past five years. Departments of the State Council eliminated or streamlined 2,497 items requiring their review and approval, 69.3% of the original total.

We took major steps to increase transparency in government operations, with the focus on government budgets and final accounts, as well as on expenditures for official hospitality, purchase and use of official cars, and overseas trips for official purposes. This made it possible for the people to learn more about how the government functions, and thus more effectively oversee its operations.

Auditing oversight was intensified and became more effective. We comprehensively intensified efforts to fight corruption and build a clean government, and strengthened oversight and supervision of leading officials to ensure that they maintain personal integrity and are self-disciplined. We took steps to put in place a system of performance-based management of government officials, established and earnestly enforced the system of governance accountability focusing on leading government officials, and improved efficiency in governance.各位代表！

五年來，我們貫徹民族區域自治法，支持少數民族和民族地區發展的政策體系更加完善，民族團結進步事業煥發出新的蓬勃生機。

全面落實宗教信仰自由政策，宗教事務管理的法制化、規範化水平進一步提升。

認真貫徹僑務政策，依法保護海外僑胞和歸僑僑眷的合法權益，僑務資源的獨特優勢得到進一步發揮。

國防和軍隊建設開創新局面。中國特色軍事變革取得重大成就，軍隊革命化現代化正規化建設協調推進、全面加強，軍事鬥爭準備不斷深化，履行新世紀新階段歷史使命能力顯著增強，出色完成一系列急難險重任務。

港澳臺工作進一步加強。香港、澳門保持繁榮穩定，同內地交流合作提高到新水平。推動兩岸關係實現重大轉折，兩岸直接雙向“三通”全面實現，簽署實施兩岸經濟合作框架協議，形成兩岸全方位交往格局，開創兩岸關係和平發展新局面。

全方位外交取得新的重大進展。我們積極推進同各大國關係，加強與周邊鄰國的互利合作關係，順利建成中國－東盟自貿區，推動上海合作組織等區域合作機制發展，深化同廣大發展中國家的傳統友誼與合作，積極參與應對國際金融危機、氣候變化等全球性問題的國際合作，推動解決國際和地區熱點問題，爲我國改革發展穩定營造了有利的國際環境，爲世界和平穩定發展繁榮作出重要貢獻。

Fellow Deputies,

Over the past five years, we implemented the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, improved the policy system for supporting the development of ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and infused new vitality into the cause of promoting unity and progress of ethnic groups in China.

We comprehensively carried out the policy on freedom of religious belief and managed religious affairs on a more law- and procedure-based basis.

We implemented the policy on overseas Chinese affairs in both letter and spirit, protected the legitimate rights and interests of overseas Chinese and those who have returned to China and their families; and we put their unique strengths to better use.

New progress was made in strengthening national defense and the armed forces. Major achievements were made in the revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics. The armed forces made coordinated and all-around progress in becoming more revolutionary, modernized and procedure-based. They deepened their military preparedness, greatly enhanced their ability to carry out their historic mission in the new stage in the new century, and accomplished a number of urgent, difficult, and hazardous tasks.

We strengthened our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Hong Kong and Macao are thriving and stable, and their exchanges and cooperation with the mainland reached a new height. We achieved a major transition in relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits. Complete, direct and two-way links of mail service, transport and trade were established, and the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement was signed and is being implemented. This extended cross-Straits exchanges to all areas and ushered in a new stage of peaceful growth of cross-Straits relations.

Major new progress was made in China's all-around diplomacy. We vigorously developed our relations with other major countries, enhanced mutually beneficial cooperation with our neighbors, and successfully established the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area. We spurred the development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and other mechanisms for promoting regional cooperation, and deepened our traditional friendship and cooperation with other developing countries. We actively participated in international cooperation on global issues like the global financial crisis and climate change and helped resolve international and regional hotspot issues. We thus fostered an international environment favorable for China's reform, development and stability and made a significant contribution to world peace, stability, development and prosperity.各位代表！

過去五年取得的成就來之不易。這是黨中央總攬全局、正確領導的結果，是全黨全國各族人民齊心協力、艱苦奮鬥的結果。我代表國務院，向全國工人、農民、知識分子、幹部、解放軍指戰員、武警部隊官兵和公安民警，表示誠摯的感謝！向全國各族人民，向各民主黨派、各人民團體和其他各界人士，表示誠摯的感謝！向香港特別行政區同胞、澳門特別行政區同胞和臺灣同胞以及廣大僑胞，表示誠摯的感謝！向關心和支持中國現代化建設的各國政府、國際組織和各國朋友，表示誠摯的感謝！

我們清醒地認識到，經濟社會發展中還存在不少矛盾和問題。主要是：發展中不平衡、不協調、不可持續問題依然突出；經濟增長下行壓力和產能相對過剩的矛盾有所加劇；企業生產經營成本上升和創新能力不足問題並存；財政收入增速放緩和政府剛性支出增加的矛盾凸顯；金融領域存在潛在風險；產業結構不合理，農業基礎依然薄弱；經濟發展與資源環境的矛盾日趨尖銳；城鄉、區域發展差距和居民收入分配差距較大；社會矛盾明顯增多，教育、就業、社會保障、醫療、住房、生態環境、食品藥品安全、安全生產、社會治安等關係羣衆切身利益的問題不少，部分羣衆生活困難；制約科學發展的體制機制障礙較多；政府職能轉變不到位，一些領域腐敗現象易發多發。這些問題，有些是長期積累的，有些是經濟社會發展過程中出現的，有些是政府工作中的缺點和不足造成的。我們要以對國家和人民高度負責的精神，更加努力做好工作，加快解決這些問題，決不辜負人民的期望！

Fellow Deputies,

Our achievements over the past five years did not come easily. We owe them to the broad vision and correct leadership of the Party Central Committee and the concerted efforts and arduous work of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China. On behalf of the State Council, I extend my sincere gratitude to all workers, farmers, intellectuals, officials, and members of the People's Liberation Army, armed police and public security police. I extend my heartfelt thanks to the people of all our ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people's organizations and leading figures in all sectors of society. I express my sincere thanks to our compatriots in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese. I also extend my sincere appreciation to foreign governments, international organizations and foreign friends that have shown understanding for and supported China's modernization drive.

We are keenly aware that we still face many difficulties and problems in our economic and social development. In particular:

-- Unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development remains a prominent problem.

-- There is a growing conflict between downward pressure on economic growth and excess production capacity.

-- Enterprises' operating costs are increasing and their capacity for innovation is weak.

-- The growth of government revenue is slowing down while fixed government expenditures are increasing.

-- There are potential risks in the financial sector.

-- The industrial structure is unbalanced.

-- The agricultural foundation is still weak.

-- Economic development is increasingly in conflict with resource conservation and environmental protection.

-- The development gap between urban and rural areas and between regions is large, and so are income disparities between individuals.

-- Social problems have increased markedly, and many problems in the areas of education, employment, social security, medical care, housing, the environment, food and drug safety, workplace safety, and public order affect people's vital interests. Some people still lead hard lives.

-- There are many systemic and institutional obstacles to developing in a scientific way.

-- The transformation of government functions has not been fully carried out, and some areas are prone to corruption.

Some of these problems have built up over time, while others have emerged in the course of economic and social development, and still others have been caused by inadequacies and weaknesses in our government work. We should have a strong sense of responsibility toward our country and people, work harder and solve these problems more quickly in order to meet people's expectations and never let them down.（四）以更大的政治勇氣和智慧，深入推進改革開放。改革開放是國家發展進步的根本動力。只有堅持改革開放，才能把我們的事業繼續推向前進。我國改革已進入攻堅階段，必須進一步解放思想，全面深化經濟體制改革，繼續積極穩妥推進政治體制改革，深化文化體制改革，加快推進社會體制改革，加強生態文明制度建設，不斷把改革引向深入。

要進一步完善社會主義市場經濟體制。毫不動搖地鞏固和發展公有制經濟，毫不動搖地鼓勵、支持、引導非公有制經濟發展，形成各種所有制經濟依法平等使用生產要素、公平參與市場競爭、同等受到法律保護的體制環境。深化國有企業改革以及重點行業改革。加快財稅體制改革，理順中央和地方財力與事權的關係，完善財政轉移支付制度，健全公共財政體系，構建地方稅體系，促進形成有利於結構優化、社會公平的稅收制度。深化金融體制改革，健全促進實體經濟發展的現代金融體系，提高銀行、證券、保險等行業競爭力，加快發展多層次資本市場，積極發展債券市場，穩步推進利率、匯率市場化改革，擴大人民幣跨境使用，逐步實現人民幣資本項目可兌換。深化投融資體制改革，推進價格改革，健全資源性產品價格形成機制和生態補償制度。繼續積極穩妥推進事業單位分類改革。收入分配製度是經濟社會發展中一項根本性、基礎性的制度，是社會主義市場經濟體制的重要基石。我們已經制定了深化收入分配製度改革若干意見，要抓緊研究制定具體政策，確保制度建設到位、政策落實到位，有效解決收入分配領域存在的問題，縮小收入分配差距，使發展成果更多更公平地惠及全體人民。

要推進社會主義民主法治建設。堅持人民主體地位，發展更加廣泛、更加充分、更加健全的人民民主，保證人民依法享有廣泛權利和自由，促進人的全面發展，維護社會公平正義。堅持依法治國，充分尊重憲法和法律的權威，確保決策權、執行權、監督權既相互制約又相互協調，確保國家行政機關按照法定權限和程序行使權力。堅持轉變政府職能，推進政企分開、政資分開、政事分開、政社分開，建設職能科學、結構優化、廉潔高效、人民滿意的服務型政府。堅持改進工作作風、密切聯繫羣衆，提倡艱苦奮鬥，厲行勤儉節約，反對鋪張浪費，克服形式主義、官僚主義。堅持民主監督、法律監督、輿論監督，健全權力運行制約和監督體系，讓人民監督權力，讓權力在陽光下運行。堅持反對腐敗，加強廉政建設，從制度上改變權力過分集中而又得不到制約的狀況，做到幹部清正、政府清廉、政治清明。

國內外形勢的深刻變化，對我國開放型經濟發展提出了新的更高要求。要堅持對外開放的基本國策，實行更加積極主動的開放戰略。堅持把穩定出口與擴大進口結合起來，推動對外貿易從規模擴張向質量效益提高轉變、從成本和價格優勢向綜合競爭優勢轉變，促進形成以技術、品牌、質量、服務爲核心的出口競爭新優勢；堅持把利用外資與對外投資結合起來，支持企業“走出去”，拓展經濟發展的新空間；堅持把深化沿海開放與擴大內陸和沿邊開放結合起來，加快形成各具特色、優勢互補、分工協作、均衡協調的區域開放格局；堅持把向發達國家開放與向發展中國家開放結合起來，擴大和深化同各方利益匯合點。

4. Deepening reform and opening up with greater political courage and vision

Reform and opening up are the fundamental force that drives China's development and progress. We can continue to advance our cause only by adhering to reform and opening up. China has entered a crucial stage of reform. We must further emancipate our minds, comprehensively deepen reform of the economic structure, continue to actively yet prudently carry out reform of the political structure, deepen reform of the cultural administrative system, accelerate reform of the social system, improve the system for promoting ecological progress; and constantly deepen reforms.

We need to improve the socialist market economy. We should unwaveringly consolidate and develop the public sector of the economy and encourage, and support and guide the development of the non-public sector, so as to foster a structural environment in which economic entities under different forms of ownership have equal access to factors of production in accordance with the law, compete on a level playing field and enjoy equal legal protection. We should deepen reform of state-owned enterprises and key industries.

We should quicken reform of the fiscal and taxation systems, adjust relations between the central government and local governments concerning financial resources and powers, and improve the system of transfer payments. We should improve the public finance system, institute a system of local taxation, and establish a taxation system conducive to optimizing the economic structure and enhancing social fairness.

We should deepen reform of the financial system and improve the modern financial system so that it supports development of the real economy. We should raise the competitiveness of the banking, securities and insurance industries, accelerate development of a multilevel capital market, and actively develop the bond market. We should steadily carry out reforms to make interest rates and the RMB exchange rate more market-based, expand cross-border use of the RMB and gradually achieve the RMB's convertibility under capital accounts.

We should deepen reform of the investment and financing systems, carry out price reform and improve the pricing mechanism for resource products and the system of compensation for ecological damage.

We should continue to actively yet steadily advance function-based reform of public institutions.

The income distribution system is a basic system of vital importance for economic and social development, and an important cornerstone of the socialist market economy. We have formulated guidelines on deepening reform of the income distribution system, and we now need to promptly formulate specific policies, ensure that institutions are established and policies are implemented, resolve problems in income distribution, and narrow the income gap so that the fruits of development are more equitably shared by all the people.

We need to advance development of socialist democracy and the socialist rule of law. We should ensure that the people occupy the principal position, make people's democracy more extensive, fuller in scope and sounder, ensure that the people enjoy extensive rights and freedoms prescribed by law, and promote people's well-rounded development and safeguard social fairness and justice. We should govern the country on the basis of the law, and fully respect the authority of the Constitution and laws. We should ensure that the powers of policy making, implementation and oversight both constrain each other and function in concert and that government bodies exercise their powers in accordance with statutory mandates and procedures. We should continue to transform government functions, separate government administration from the management of enterprises, state assets, public institutions and social organizations, and build a well-structured, clean, efficient and service-oriented government that has scientifically defined functions and that the people are satisfied with. We should improve the conduct of our work, maintain close ties with the people, advocate hard work and plain living, practice thrift, oppose extravagance and waste, and eliminate formalistic and bureaucratic practices. We should uphold democratic oversight, legal oversight and public opinion-based oversight and improve the system of checks and oversight over the exercise of power to ensure that the people oversee the exercise of power and that power is exercised in a transparent manner. We should unwaveringly combat corruption, strengthen political integrity, establish institutions to end the excessive concentration of power and lack of checks on power and ensure that officials are honest, government is clean and political affairs are handled with integrity.

Profound changes in domestic and external environments place new and higher requirements on China in developing an open economy. We should adhere to the basic state policy of opening up and implement a more proactive opening up strategy. We should both keep exports stable and expand imports. We should raise the quality and returns of foreign trade rather than just increase its volume, and raise its overall competitive advantages instead of relying only on cost and price advantages. We should make China's exports more competitive in terms of technology, brand, quality and service. We should simultaneously use foreign investment in China and make Chinese investment overseas, and support Chinese enterprises in going global, to create new space for economic development. We should simultaneously deepen opening up in coastal areas and open inland and border areas wider so as to foster a balanced and coordinated pattern of opening up in which all regions have their own distinctive features, draw on each other's strengths, have a clear division of work, and cooperate with each other. We should continue to open up to both developed and developing countries and expand and deepen common interests with all other parties.（三）以保障和改善民生爲重點，全面提高人民物質文化生活水平。2003年抗擊突如其來的非典疫情給我們的重要啓示之一，就是要統籌經濟社會發展。這些年我們在發展經濟的同時，更加重視保障改善民生和發展社會事業，政府工作力度之大、財政投入資金之多前所未有。經過不懈努力，我國經濟社會發展的協調性明顯增強。當前社會結構、社會組織形式、社會利益格局發生深刻變化，社會矛盾明顯增多。我們必須把保障和改善民生作爲政府一切工作的出發點和落腳點，放在更加突出的位置，着力加強社會建設。

千方百計擴大就業。堅持實施就業優先戰略和更加積極的就業政策，通過穩定經濟增長和調整經濟結構增加就業崗位，加強職業技能培訓，提高勞動者就業創業能力，加大投入和政策支持，完善就業服務體系，鼓勵創業帶動就業，做好重點人羣就業工作，促進城鄉居民收入持續穩定增長。

完善社會保障制度。堅持全覆蓋、保基本、多層次、可持續方針，不斷擴大社會保障覆蓋面，提高統籌層次和保障水平，加強各項制度的完善和銜接，增強公平性，適應流動性，保證可持續性。今年企業退休人員基本養老金繼續提高10%，城鄉低保和優撫對象補助標準也進一步提高。要加大對社會養老服務體系和兒童福利機構建設的支持力度。

深化醫藥衛生事業改革發展。鞏固完善基本藥物制度和基層醫療衛生機構運行新機制，加快公立醫院改革，鼓勵社會辦醫。扶持中醫藥和民族醫藥事業發展。健全全民醫保體系，建立重特大疾病保障和救助機制，全面開展兒童白血病等20種重大疾病保障試點工作。今年新農合和城鎮居民基本醫療保險財政補助標準由每人每年240元提高到280元，人均基本公共衛生服務經費標準由25元提高到30元。

逐步完善人口政策。堅持計劃生育基本國策，適應我國人口總量和結構變動趨勢，統籌解決好人口數量、素質、結構和分佈問題，促進人口長期均衡發展。重視發展老齡事業，切實保障婦女和未成年人權益，關心和支持殘疾人事業。

加強和創新社會管理。改進政府提供公共服務方式，加強基層社會管理和服務體系建設，完善村民自治、城市居民自治制度，保證人民羣衆依法直接行使民主權利，管理基層公共事務和公益事業。改革社會組織管理體制，引導社會組織健康有序發展。建立健全維護羣衆權益機制，完善人民調解、行政調解、司法調解聯動的工作體系，健全法律援助制度，推動涉法涉訴信訪工作改革，暢通和規範羣衆訴求表達、利益協調、權益保障渠道，健全重大決策社會穩定風險評估和突發事件應急管理機制，維護社會公共安全，促進社會和諧穩定。食品藥品安全是人們關注的突出問題，要改革和健全食品藥品安全監管體制，加強綜合協調聯動，落實企業主體責任，嚴格從生產源頭到消費的全程監管，加快形成符合國情、科學合理的食品藥品安全體系，提升食品藥品安全保障水平。強化公共安全體系和企業安全生產基礎建設，遏制重特大安全事故。

加強房地產市場調控和保障性安居工程建設。堅決抑制投機、投資性需求，抓緊完善穩定房價工作責任制和房地產市場調控政策體系，健全房地產市場穩定健康發展長效機制。繼續抓好保障性安居工程建設和管理，讓老百姓住上放心房、滿意房。今年城鎮保障性住房基本建成470萬套、新開工630萬套，繼續推進農村危房改造。

教育和科技在現代化建設中具有基礎性、先導性、全局性作用，文化是民族的血脈和人民的精神家園，必須放在更加重要的戰略位置。

繼續推進教育優先發展。目前我國年度財政性教育經費支出總額已經超過2萬億元，今後還要繼續增加，必須把這些錢用好，讓人民滿意。要進一步深化教育綜合改革，切實解決社會普遍關注的重大問題。着力推動義務教育均衡發展，加快發展現代職業教育，提高各級各類教育質量，進一步促進教育公平，爲國家發展提供強大的人力資源支撐。

深化科技體制改革。推動科技與經濟緊密結合，着力構建以企業爲主體、市場爲導向、產學研相結合的技術創新體系。瞄準關係全局和長遠發展的戰略必爭領域，加強基礎研究、前沿先導技術研究。健全科技資源開放共享機制，完善支持科技發展和成果應用轉化的財稅、金融、產業技術和人才政策，創造公平開放的創新環境，最大限度地調動廣大科技工作者的積極性、主動性，激發全社會的創新活力。

紮實推進文化建設。把文化改革發展納入經濟社會發展總體規劃，列入各級政府效能和領導幹部政績考覈體系，推動文化事業全面繁榮、文化產業快速發展。政府要履行好發展公益性文化事業的責任，加快推進重點文化惠民工程，完善公共文化服務體系。廣泛開展全民健身運動，促進羣衆體育和競技體育全面發展。

大力加強社會公德、職業道德、家庭美德、個人品德教育。推動誠信體系建設，以政務誠信帶動商務誠信和社會誠信，形成良好的社會風尚。

3. Giving high priority to ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and comprehensively improving their material and cultural lives

An important lesson we learned in our response to the sudden outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 is that economic development and social development need to be coordinated. In developing the economy in the years since then, we have placed greater importance on ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and developing social programs, and the government has made greater efforts and provided more funding in this area than ever before. These unremitting efforts have resulted in much better coordination of China's economic and social development. The structure of Chinese society, its forms of organization, and the pattern of interests in society have all undergone profound changes, and social problems have increased markedly. We must make ensuring and improving people's wellbeing the starting point and goal of all the government's work, give higher priority to it, and strive to strengthen social development.

We should do all we can to increase employment. We should persevere in implementing the strategy of giving top priority to employment and adopt a more proactive employment policy. We should create more jobs by maintaining stable economic growth and adjusting the economic structure and provide better vocational skills training to help people to find jobs or start their own businesses. We should increase government spending and policy support, improve the employment services system, stimulate employment by encouraging business startups, assist target groups in finding jobs, and stimulate sustained, steady increases in urban and rural incomes.

We should improve the social security system. We should continue to follow the policy of making coverage universal, ensuring basic care, and providing multilevel and sustainable social security. We should expand the coverage of social security, turn over the overall management of social security accounts to higher-level authorities, raise social security benefits, improve and coordinate all social security programs, make social security more equitable and sustainable, and facilitate the smooth transfer of social security accounts between localities. This year, basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees should be raised by another 10%, and subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents and subsidies for entitled groups should also be further raised. Greater support should be given to developing child welfare agencies and the system of social services for the elderly.

We should advance reform and development of medical and health care services, consolidate and improve the system for using basic drugs and the new operating mechanisms of community-level medical and health care institutions, speed up the reform of public hospitals, and encourage nongovernmental bodies to operate hospitals. We should support development of traditional Chinese medicine and ethnic minority medicine. We should improve the universal medical insurance system, establish a mechanism to provide insurance and aid for treating major and very serious diseases, and conduct a pilot project to insure against 20 serious diseases. (Note: They are childhood leukemia, congenital heart disease in children, uremia, breast cancer, cervical cancer, holergasia, drug-resistant tuberculosis, opportunistic AIDS and HIV infection, lung cancer, esophagus cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, chronic myeloid leukemia, acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, hemophilia, type 1 diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and cheilopalatognathus.) This year, annual government subsidies for the new rural cooperative medical care system and basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents should be raised from 240 yuan to 280 yuan per person respectively, and the per person payment standard for basic public health services should be increased from 25 yuan to 30 yuan.

We should progressively improve the government population policy. We should adhere to the basic state policy on family planning. In response to changes in the size and structure of China's total population, we should comprehensively solve problems relating to the size, health, structure and geographical distribution of the population and promote long-term, balanced population development. We should boost the development of elderly services, protect the rights and interests of women and minors, and take an interest in and support programs that benefit people with disabilities.

We should strengthen and make innovations in social management. We should improve the way the government provides public services, strengthen the system of social management and services at the community level, and improve self-governance by villagers and urban residents, to ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights in accordance with the law by managing community-level public affairs and running public service programs. We should reform the management system for social organizations, and guide their sound and orderly development. We should establish a sound mechanism for safeguarding people's rights and interests; improve the integrated system of mediation by the people, administrative mediation and judicial mediation; strengthen the system of legal assistance; and carry out reform of the handling of people's complaints about legal and litigation-related issues. We should maintain open and regular channels for people to voice their demands, and we should coordinate the people's interests and protect their rights and interests. We should improve the mechanism for assessing potential risks major policy decisions may pose to social stability and the emergency response mechanism. The purpose of all this work is to preserve law and order and promote social harmony and stability.

Food and drug safety is a prominent issue of widespread concern. We should reform and improve mechanisms for overseeing and supervising food and drug safety and strengthen overall coordination. We should require enterprises to assume primary responsibility for safety, exercise strict oversight and supervision throughout the whole process from production to consumption, and move faster to establish a scientific and effective food and drug safety system that suits China's national conditions so as to better ensure food and drug safety. We should strengthen the public safety system and improve workplace safety conditions to prevent accidents, especially major and very serious ones.

We should tighten regulation of the real estate market and strengthen construction of government-subsidized housing. We need to firmly rein in speculative and investment-driven housing demand, promptly improve the accountability system for stabilizing housing prices and the policies for regulating the real estate market, and strengthen mechanisms for sustaining its steady and sound development. We should continue to build and manage government-subsidized housing for the people so they have housing they are satisfied with. This year, 4.7 million government-subsidized urban housing units should be basically completed, construction of another 6.3 million units should begin, and renovation of dilapidated rural houses should continue.

Education, science and technology play a fundamental, guiding and global role in the country's modernization drive, and culture is essential for the long-term vitality of a nation and gives the people a sense of belonging. They must therefore occupy a position of greater strategic importance.

We should continue to give top priority to developing education. China's annual government expenditures on education already exceed two trillion yuan and should continue to increase. We must make good use of such funding to the satisfaction of the people. We need to deepen comprehensive education reform and effectively solve major issues of public concern. We should boost balanced development of compulsory education, accelerate development of modern vocational education and raise the quality of education of all types and at all levels. This should help make education more equitable and provide strong human resources support for China's development.

We should deepen reform of the management system for science and technology. We should integrate science and technology more closely with the economy, and establish a technological innovation system that is based on enterprises, guided by the market, and integrates enterprises, universities and research institutes. We should focus on priority areas of strategic importance that are vital to China's overall and long-term development, and strengthen basic research and research on frontier and leading technologies. We should improve the mechanism for openly sharing scientific and technological resources and the fiscal, taxation, banking, industrial technology and personnel policies that support scientific and technological development and industrial application of scientific and technological advances, create a fair and open environment for making innovations, keep scientists and technicians fully motivated, and unleash the creativity of the whole society.

We should effectively advance development of the cultural sector. We should incorporate reform and development of the cultural sector into general plans for economic and social development, and include them in the system for evaluating the performance of governments and officials at all levels so as to promote all-around cultural prosperity and fast development of the cultural sector. The government needs to fulfill its responsibility to develop nonprofit cultural programs, accelerate key cultural projects for the people, and improve the system of public cultural services. We should extensively carry out public fitness activities and promote comprehensive development of both recreational and competitive sports.

We should greatly increase education in public morality, professional ethics, family virtues, and personal integrity. We should promote a creditability system, use political integrity to improve business and public integrity, and foster healthy social conduct.二、今年經濟社會發展的總體要求、主要預期目標和宏觀經濟政策

II. General Requirements, Major Targets and Macroeconomic Policies for This Year's Economic and Social Development

黨的十八大科學總結了過去五年的工作和黨的十六大以來的奮鬥歷程和歷史性成就，確定了全面建成小康社會和全面深化改革開放的目標，對進一步推進中國特色社會主義事業作出了全面部署。

2013年是全面貫徹落實黨的十八大精神的開局之年，是實施“十二五”規劃承前啓後的關鍵一年，是爲全面建成小康社會奠定堅實基礎的重要一年。我國發展仍處於可以大有作爲的重要戰略機遇期，經濟社會發展具備很多有利條件和積極因素，也面臨不少風險和挑戰。國際金融危機深層次影響持續顯現，世界經濟復甦充滿不確定性、不穩定性。我們既要看到形勢的積極方面，堅定信心，也要看到形勢的複雜性，增強憂患意識和緊迫感，兢兢業業、紮紮實實做好工作。

今年工作的總體要求是：深入學習和全面貫徹落實黨的十八大精神，高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀爲指導，緊緊圍繞主題主線，以提高經濟增長質量和效益爲中心，深化改革開放，實施創新驅動戰略，穩中求進，開拓創新，紮實開局，全面推進社會主義經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態文明建設，實現經濟持續健康發展和社會和諧穩定。

今年經濟社會發展的主要預期目標是：國內生產總值增長7.5%左右，發展的協調性進一步增強；居民消費價格漲幅3.5%左右；城鎮新增就業900萬人以上，城鎮登記失業率低於4.6%；城鄉居民人均收入實際增長與經濟增長同步，勞動報酬增長和勞動生產率提高同步；國際收支狀況進一步改善。這裏，着重對經濟增長和物價總水平兩個指標作些說明。

關於經濟增長目標。這是一個綜合性指標，各方面高度關注。今年經濟增長預期目標定爲7.5%左右，主要基於兩方面考慮：一方面，要繼續抓住機遇、促進發展。這些年，我國製造業積累了較大產能，基礎設施狀況大爲改善，支撐能力明顯增強，儲蓄率較高，勞動力總量仍然很大。必須優化配置和利用生產要素，保持合理的增長速度，爲增加就業、改善民生提供必要條件，爲轉方式、調結構創造穩定環境；必須使經濟增長與潛在增長率相協調，與生產要素的供給能力和資源環境的承受能力相適應。另一方面，要切實按照科學發展觀的要求，引導各方面把工作重心放到加快轉變經濟發展方式和調整經濟結構上，放到提高經濟增長的質量和效益上，推動經濟持續健康發展。綜合權衡，今年的經濟增長目標定爲7.5%左右是必要的、適宜的，實現這個目標需要付出艱苦努力。

關於物價總水平。保持物價總水平基本穩定始終是宏觀調控的重要目標。去年居民消費價格漲幅回落到2.6%，這是我們控制通貨膨脹取得的一個重要成果，也與經濟運行整體態勢有關。今年通貨膨脹壓力仍然較大，主要是：我國土地、勞動力等要素價格，農產品和服務類價格都存在上漲壓力；主要發達國家實行寬鬆貨幣政策並不斷加碼，輸入性通貨膨脹壓力不容忽視；理順能源資源價格需要留出一定空間；去年價格上漲的翹尾影響約有1個百分點。把居民消費價格漲幅控制在3.5%左右，是充分考慮各方面因素後作出的選擇。要切實保障重要商品供給，搞活流通，降低物流成本，加強市場價格監管，保持物價總水平基本穩定。

實現上述目標，必須繼續實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，保持政策連續性和穩定性，增強前瞻性、針對性和靈活性。

繼續實施積極的財政政策。更好地發揮積極財政政策在穩增長、調結構、促改革、惠民生中的作用。一是適當增加財政赤字和國債規模。今年擬安排財政赤字1.2萬億元，比去年預算增加4000億元，其中中央財政赤字8500億元，代地方發債3500億元。這主要是考慮到結構性減稅的滯後效應，今年財政收入增長不會太快，但財政剛性支出增加，特別是要增加保障改善民生支出，保持對經濟增長和結構調整的支持力度，適當擴大財政赤字和國債規模是必要的。同時，目前我國債務負擔率相對較低，今年增加赤字後，赤字率在2%左右，總體上處於安全水平。二是結合稅制改革完善結構性減稅政策。重點是加快推進營業稅改徵增值稅試點工作，完善試點辦法，適時擴大試點地區和行業範圍。三是着力優化財政支出結構。繼續向教育、醫藥衛生、社會保障等民生領域和薄弱環節傾斜，嚴格控制行政經費等一般性支出，勤儉辦一切事業。中央預算內投資主要投向保障性安居工程，農業、水利、城市管網等基礎設施，社會事業等民生工程，節能減排和生態環境等領域。四是繼續加強地方政府性債務管理。妥善處理債務償還和在建項目後續融資問題，積極推進地方政府性債務管理制度建設，合理控制地方政府性債務水平。

繼續實施穩健的貨幣政策。把握好促進經濟增長、穩定物價和防範金融風險之間的平衡。一是健全宏觀審慎政策框架，發揮貨幣政策逆週期調節作用。廣義貨幣M2預期增長目標擬定爲13%左右。綜合運用多種貨幣政策工具，調節市場流動性，保持貨幣信貸合理增長，適當擴大社會融資規模。完善貨幣政策傳導機制，加強金融監管與貨幣政策的協調，不斷優化監管標準和監管方式。二是促進金融資源優化配置。引導金融機構加大對經濟結構調整特別是“三農”、小微企業、戰略性新興產業等的金融支持，滿足國家重點在建續建項目資金需求。拓寬實體經濟融資渠道，降低實體經濟融資成本。促進資本市場穩定健康發展。三是守住不發生系統性和區域性金融風險底線。引導金融機構穩健經營，加強對局部和區域性風險以及金融機構表外業務風險的監管，提高金融支持經濟發展的可持續性。

At its Eighteenth National Congress, the Party scientifically reviewed its work over the previous five years and the historic achievements since its Sixteenth Congress, set forth the objectives of finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and deepening reform and opening up in an all-around way, and laid out an overall plan for advancing the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

The year 2013 is the first year for fully carrying out the guiding principles of the Party's Eighteenth National Congress, a crucial year for continuing to implement the Twelfth Five-Year Plan and an important year for laying a solid foundation for finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. China remains in an important period of strategic opportunities during which much can be accomplished. There are many favorable conditions and positive factors as well as a number of risks and challenges for China's economic and social development. The profound impact of the global financial crisis persists, and the recovery of the world economy is full of uncertainty and not yet on a stable footing. We should realize that the situation is encouraging and so remain confident; but also that it is complex and so be mindful of adversity, have a keen sense of urgency, and industriously and earnestly do our work well.

The general requirements for this year's work are:

-- Thoroughly study and fully implement the guiding principles of the Eighteenth Party Congress.

-- Hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

-- Follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development.

-- Take developing in a scientific way as the underlying guideline and accelerating the change of the growth model as the major task.

-- Focus on improving the quality and performance of economic growth.

-- Deepen reform and opening up.

-- Implement the strategy of making development more innovation-driven.

-- Make progress while ensuring stability.

-- Blaze new trails in a pioneering spirit.

-- Get off to a good start.

-- Comprehensively promote socialist economic, political, cultural, social and ecological progress.

-- Achieve sustained, healthy economic growth and social harmony and stability.

The major targets for this year's economic and social development are:

-- Increase GDP by about 7.5%.

-- Better coordinate development.

-- Hold increases in the CPI to around 3.5%.

-- Add more than 9 million urban jobs.

-- Keep the registered urban unemployment rate at or below 4.6%.

-- Ensure that real per capita income for urban and rural residents increases in step with economic growth and that work remuneration rises in step with increases in labor productivity.

-- Further improve the balance of payments.

Here, I wish to explain our targets for economic growth and overall prices.

The target for economic growth: This is a general target that is followed closely by all. In setting this year's target for economic growth at about 7.5%, we have taken two factors into account.

On the one hand, we need to continue to seize opportunities and promote development. Over the years, the capacity of China's manufacturing industry has increased considerably and our infrastructure has improved significantly, which means they are better able to sustain development. The rate of savings has been high, and the size of the workforce has remained large. We must better allocate and employ factors of production and maintain a proper level of economic growth in order to provide necessary conditions for creating jobs and improving people's wellbeing and to create a stable environment for changing the growth model and adjusting the economic structure. We must ensure that economic growth is in accord with the potential economic growth rate, the ability to supply factors of production, and the bearing capacity of resources and the environment.

On the other hand, we should, in accordance with the Scientific Outlook on Development, guide all the people to shift the focus of their work to accelerating the change of the growth model, adjusting the economic structure and improving the quality and performance of economic growth, so as to promote sustained and healthy economic development.

In light of these considerations, we deem it necessary and appropriate to set this year's target for economic growth at about 7.5%, a goal that we will have to work hard to attain.

The target for overall prices: Maintaining basic stability of overall prices has always been an important macro-control target. Last year, the rise in the CPI dropped to 2.6%. This was an important result of our efforts to curb inflation, and it was also due to the overall economic performance. This year, China is still under considerable inflationary pressure. The main reasons are:

-- There is upward pressure on the prices of land, labor and other factors of production and the prices of farm products and services.

-- Major developed countries are increasingly carrying out easy monetary policies, and imported inflationary pressure cannot be overlooked.

-- We need to leave some room for adjusting the prices of energy and resources.

-- The carry-over effect of the CPI increase in 2012 will contribute roughly one percentage point to this year's CPI growth rate.

Taking all these factors fully into account, we have set the target for increases in the CPI at around 3.5% for this year. We should effectively ensure the supply of major commodities, boost distribution of goods, reduce logistics costs, tighten oversight over market prices, and keep overall prices basically stable.

To reach the above targets, we must continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, maintain continuity and stability of our policies, and make them more forward-looking, targeted and flexible.

We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy. We should make our proactive fiscal policy play a bigger role in ensuring steady growth, adjusting the structure, advancing reform, and benefiting the people.

First, we will increase the deficit and government debt by appropriate amounts. This year we are projecting a deficit of 1.2 trillion yuan, 400 billion more than the budgeted figure last year. This consists of a central government deficit of 850 billion yuan and 350 billion yuan in bonds to be issued on behalf of local governments. The time-lag of past structural tax cuts will make it hard for government revenue to grow fast this year, while fixed government expenditures will increase. In particular, it is necessary to increase spending to ensure and improve people's wellbeing and maintain support for economic growth and structural adjustment. Consequently, we deem it necessary to appropriately increase the deficit and government debt. It should be noted that China has a relatively low debt-to-GDP ratio, and the increase in the deficit this year will bring the deficit-to-GDP ratio to about 2%, which is overall at a safe level.

Second, we will improve the structural tax cut policy as we continue to reform the tax system. The focus will be on accelerating the pilot project to replace business tax with VAT, improving the way these trials are conducted and extending them to more areas and sectors in a timely manner.

Third, we will work hard to optimize the structure of government expenditures. We will continue to give priority to spending on education, medical and health care, social security and other weak areas that are important to people's wellbeing. We will strictly limit regular expenditures like administrative expenses, and practice thrift in everything we do. Investment from the central government budget will be mainly made in government-subsidized housing projects; infrastructure projects related to agriculture, water conservancy and urban utilities networks; social programs and other projects to improve people's wellbeing; and energy conservation, emissions reduction and environmental protection.

Fourth, we will continue to strengthen management of local government debt. We will properly handle debt repayment and follow-up financing for ongoing projects, put in place a system for managing local government debt and keep such debt at an appropriate level.

We will continue to implement a prudent monetary policy. We will maintain a balance between boosting economic growth, keeping prices stable and guarding against financial risks.

First, we will improve the policy framework for exercising macro-control prudently and have monetary policy play the role of making counter-cyclic adjustments. The target for growth of the broad money supply (M2) is about 13%. We will employ a full range of monetary policy tools to control market liquidity, increase the money and credit supply at an appropriate pace, and expand the aggregate financing for the economy by an appropriate amount. We will improve the transmission mechanism for monetary policy, better coordinate financial oversight and monetary policy, and improve oversight standards and their implementation.

Second, we will better allocate financial resources. We will guide financial institutions to increase financial support for structural adjustments to the economy, especially for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, small and micro businesses, and strategic emerging industries, and satisfy funding needs for key national projects under construction or expansion. We will broaden financing channels for the real economy and reduce its financing costs. We will promote steady and healthy development of the capital market.

Third, we will resolutely guard against systemic and regional financial risks. We will guide financial institutions to operate prudently, and we will tighten oversight over financial risks in certain sectors and regions and risks related to the off-balance sheet activities of financial institutions, and thus make the financial sector's support for economic development more sustainable.三、對今年政府工作的建議

III. Suggestions for the Work of the Government This Year

結合過去十年特別是近五年工作的體會，對今年政府主要工作提出以下建議。

Based on an understanding of the work of the past ten years, especially of the past five years, I wish to make the following suggestions for the government's main work this year.

（一）加快轉變經濟發展方式，促進經濟持續健康發展。我國社會主義現代化建設取得的一切成就都建立在經濟持續健康發展的基礎之上，經濟不發展，什麼事情都辦不成。我國仍處於並將長期處於社會主義初級階段的基本國情沒有變，人民日益增長的物質文化需要同落後的社會生產之間的矛盾這一社會主要矛盾沒有變，我國是世界上最大發展中國家的國際地位沒有變，發展仍是解決我國所有問題的關鍵。必須堅持以經濟建設爲中心，聚精會神搞建設，一心一意謀發展。只要我們牢牢把握髮展的重要戰略機遇期，尊重發展規律，創新發展理念，破解發展難題，加快轉變經濟發展方式，在發展中促轉變，在轉變中謀發展，就一定能實現經濟持續健康發展。

要堅定不移地把擴大內需作爲經濟發展的長期戰略方針，充分發揮消費的基礎作用和投資的關鍵作用。擴大內需的難點和重點在消費，潛力也在消費。擴大居民消費要在提高消費能力、穩定消費預期、增強消費意願、改善消費環境上下功夫，不斷提高消費對經濟增長的拉動力。現階段，投資在促進經濟增長中的作用不可低估。我國既有投資能力，又有投資需求，關鍵在於選準方向、優化結構、提高投資的質量和效益。政府投資對社會投資具有十分重要的引導作用，但佔全社會投資的比重越來越小，必須進一步放寬民間投資市場準入，激發民間投資活力。

要大力推進轉變經濟發展方式，加快產業結構調整。我國生產力發展水平具有多層次性，迴旋餘地很大，無論傳統產業還是新興產業、勞動密集型產業還是資金密集型產業，都有發展的空間，重要的是優化資源配置和產業佈局，解決產能過剩、核心技術缺乏、產品附加值低的問題，解決低水平重複建設和地區產業結構趨同的問題。必須加快改造提升傳統產業，大力發展高新技術產業，提高產品質量和市場競爭力。要加強政策引導，鼓勵企業跨行業跨區域跨所有制兼併重組，利用市場倒逼機制促進優勝劣汰。以擴大國內市場應用、重要關鍵技術攻關爲重點，推動戰略性新興產業健康發展。積極推動信息化和工業化融合，加快建設新一代信息基礎設施，促進信息網絡技術廣泛應用。堅持生產性服務業和生活性服務業並重，現代服務業和傳統服務業並舉，進一步發展壯大服務業。

要順應人民羣衆對美好生活環境的期待，大力加強生態文明建設和環境保護。生態環境關係人民福祉，關乎子孫後代和民族未來。要堅持節約資源和保護環境的基本國策，着力推進綠色發展、循環發展、低碳發展。大力推進能源資源節約和循環利用，重點抓好工業、交通、建築、公共機構等領域節能，控制能源消費總量，降低能耗、物耗和二氧化碳排放強度。要加快調整經濟結構和佈局，抓緊完善標準、制度和法規體系，採取切實的防治污染措施，促進生產方式和生活方式的轉變，下決心解決好關係羣衆切身利益的大氣、水、土壤等突出環境污染問題，改善環境質量，維護人民健康，用實際行動和成效讓人民看到希望。要做好氣象、地質、地震等方面工作，提高防災減災能力。優化國土空間開發格局，合理控制開發強度，調整空間結構。加強海洋綜合管理，發展海洋經濟，提高海洋資源開發能力，保護海洋生態環境，維護國家海洋權益。

要繼續深入實施區域發展總體戰略，促進區域經濟協調發展。充分發揮各地比較優勢，統籌規劃、分類指導，優先推進西部大開發，全面振興東北地區等老工業基地，大力促進中部地區崛起，積極支持東部地區率先發展，加大對革命老區、民族地區、邊疆地區、貧困地區扶持力度，深入推進集中連片特殊困難地區扶貧攻堅。

1. Accelerating the change of the growth model and promoting sustained and sound economic development

All the achievements we have made in China's socialist modernization are attributable to sustained and sound economic development, without which we would have accomplished nothing.

China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time. This basic national condition has not changed; nor has the principal problem in our society, that is, production falls short of the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people, or China's international position as the largest developing country in the world. Development is still the key to solving all our problems. We must keep economic development as the central task and give it our undivided attention.

As long as we make full use of this important period of strategic opportunities, respect the law of development, formulate new thinking on development, solve problems hindering development, accelerate the change of the growth model, spur change in the course of pursuing development, and promote development while working for change, we can certainly achieve sustained and sound economic development.

We should unswervingly take expanding domestic demand as our long-term strategy for economic development, and make full use of the basic function of consumption and the key role of investment. The difficulty in and key to expanding domestic demand lie in consumption, and that is also where the potential lies. To expand individual consumption, we should enhance people's ability to consume, keep their consumption expectations stable, boost their desire to consume, improve the consumption environment and make economic growth more consumption-driven.

In the current stage, the role investment plays in promoting economic growth cannot be underestimated. China has both investment capability and investment demand, but the key is to make investment in the needed sectors, optimize the structure of investment, and improve its performance and returns. Governmental investment is important in guiding nongovernmental investment, but its share of the country's total investment is decreasing, so we must further relax controls over market access for nongovernmental investment and stimulate it.

We should energetically change the growth model and speed up structural adjustment of industry. China's productive forces develop on multiple levels, which gives us plenty of room to maneuver. Industries, whether traditional or emerging, labor-intensive or capital-intensive, all have room for development. The important task is to optimize resources allocation and industrial distribution, and solve the following problems: excess production capacity, the lack of core technology, products with low value-added, low-level and redundant industrial projects, and different regions having similar industrial structures. We must accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, energetically develop new- and high-tech industries, and raise product quality and competitiveness.

We should strengthen policy guidance; encourage enterprise acquisitions and reorganizations across industries, regions and forms of ownership; and allow market forces to determine enterprises' success or failure.

We should promote sound development of strategic emerging industries, with the focus on expanding their share in the domestic market and making breakthroughs in major and key technologies. We should promote the integration of IT application and industrialization, more quickly build next-generation information and communication infrastructure, and spread the use of information network technology.

We should develop and expand the service sector, and attach equal importance to producer and consumer service industries and to modern and traditional service industries.

In response to people's expectations of having a good living environment, we should greatly strengthen ecological improvement and environmental protection. The state of the ecological environment affects the level of people's wellbeing and also posterity and the future of our nation. We should adhere to the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment and endeavor to promote green, circular, and low-carbon development.

We should greatly boost the conservation and reuse of energy and resources, give priority to saving energy in industry, transportation and construction and in public institutions, restrict total energy consumption, and reduce energy and materials consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. We should speed up adjusting the economic structure and distribution and upgrading related standards, practices, and laws and regulations. We should adopt effective measures to prevent and control pollution and change the way we work and live. We should resolve to solve the problems of serious air, water, and soil pollution that affect the people's vital interests; improve environmental quality, and safeguard people's health, and give the people hope through our concrete action and achievements. We should do our meteorological, geological and seismic work well and become better able to prevent and mitigate natural disasters. We should optimize development of the country's territory, carry out development at a proper pace and adjust its spatial layout. We should strengthen comprehensive marine management, develop the marine economy, become better able to exploit marine resources, protect the marine ecological environment, and safeguard China's maritime rights and interests.

We should continue to fully implement the master strategy for regional development and promote balanced development between regions. We should make full use of the comparative strengths of each region, make plans comprehensively and give guidance tailored to different circumstances. We should give high priority to large-scale development of the western region, fully revitalize the old industrial bases in northeast China, spur the rise of the central region, and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development. We should increase support for old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poor areas and alleviate poverty in contiguous areas with acute difficulties.（二）強化農業農村發展基礎，推動城鄉發展一體化。近些年是我國農業發展最快、農村面貌變化最大、農民得到實惠最多的時期。當前，農業農村發展進入一個新階段，呈現出農業生產綜合成本上升、農產品供求結構性矛盾突出、農村社會結構深刻變動、城鄉發展加快融合的態勢，全面建成小康社會的重點難點仍然在農村。必須堅持把解決好“三農”問題作爲全部工作的重中之重，這是歷史經驗的科學總結，既管當前，也管長遠，是長期指導思想。農村土地制度關乎農村的根本穩定，也關乎中國的長遠發展，其核心是要保障農民的財產權益，底線是嚴守18億畝耕地紅線。要堅持以家庭承包經營爲基礎，支持發展多種形式新型農民合作組織和多層次的農業社會化服務組織，逐步構建集約化、專業化、組織化、社會化相結合的新型農業經營體系，始終注重保護法律賦予農民的財產權利，調動農民積極性。毫不放鬆糧食生產，建設高標準基本農田，推廣先進技術，增強農業綜合生產能力，保障糧食和重要農產品的有效供給。要繼續加大“三農”投入，加強農村基礎設施建設和基本公共服務體系建設，推動城鄉發展一體化，形成以工促農、以城帶鄉、工農互惠、城鄉一體的新型工農、城鄉關係。要採取有效措施，穩定農業生產經營隊伍，積極培育新型農民。

城鎮化是我國現代化建設的歷史任務，與農業現代化相輔相成。要遵循城鎮化的客觀規律，積極穩妥推動城鎮化健康發展。堅持科學規劃、合理佈局、城鄉統籌、節約用地、因地制宜、提高質量。特大城市和大城市要合理控制規模，充分發揮輻射帶動作用；中小城市和小城鎮要增強產業發展、公共服務、吸納就業、人口集聚功能。加快推進戶籍制度、社會管理體制和相關制度改革，有序推進農業轉移人口市民化，逐步實現城鎮基本公共服務覆蓋常住人口，爲人們自由遷徙、安居樂業創造公平的制度環境。村莊建設要注意保持鄉村風貌，營造宜居環境，使城鎮化和新農村建設良性互動。

2. Strengthening the foundation for agriculture and rural development and promoting integrated urban and rural development

In recent years, China's agriculture has developed faster, its rural areas have undergone more significant changes, and its rural residents have received more tangible benefits than in any other period. Agriculture and rural development in China have now entered a new stage in which overall agricultural production costs are rising, structural problems in the supply and demand of agricultural products are worsening, the rural social structure is undergoing profound changes, and integration of urban and rural development is speeding up. All the major and difficult problems that we face in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects are in rural areas. We must make solving issues relating to agriculture, rural areas and farmers the number one priority in all our work. This is a scientific conclusion drawn from our historical experience and a long-term guiding principle applicable to both the present and the future. The rural land system is central to maintaining rural stability and ensuring China's long-term development. Its main purpose is to guarantee farmers' property rights and interests, and its main objective is to ensure that China's farmland remains at or above the red line of 120 million hectares. We should continue to make household contracts the basis of rural operations, support the development of new farmers' cooperatives of various forms and multilevel commercial organizations that provide agricultural services, and gradually establish a new type of system of intensive agricultural operations that are specialized, well organized and commercialized. We should always protect farmers' legitimate property rights and keep them motivated. We should always give high priority to grain production, develop high-yield basic farmland, spread advanced technologies, increase overall agricultural production capacity, and effectively ensure the supply of grain and other important agricultural products. We should continue to increase spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers; improve infrastructure and basic public services in rural areas; and promote integration of urban and rural development. We should build a new type of relations between industry and agriculture and between urban and rural areas in which industry promotes agriculture, urban areas support rural development, industry and agriculture reinforce each other, and urban development and rural development are integrated. We should take effective measures to keep the agricultural workforce stable and train a new type of farmers.

Urbanization is a historical task in China's modernization drive, and urbanization and agricultural modernization complement each other. We should conform to the objective law of urbanization and carry it out actively yet prudently. We should promote sound development of urbanization by making plans scientifically, balancing geographical distribution, coordinating urban and rural development, using land economically, and tailoring measures to local conditions. Megacities and large cities should be kept at an appropriate scale and fully play their role in driving the development of their surrounding areas. Small and medium-sized cities and small towns should become better able to develop industries, provide public services, create jobs, and attract residents. We should accelerate reform of the household registration system, the social management system and related institutions; register eligible rural workers as permanent urban residents in an orderly manner; progressively expand the coverage of basic public services in urban areas to all their permanent residents; and create an equitable institutional environment for freedom of movement and for people to live and work in contentment. In improving village conditions, we should preserve their distinctive rural flavor, make their environment more livable, and ensure that urbanization and the building of a new countryside reinforce each other.