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託福聽力lecture並列型分析,你學會了嗎

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爲了幫助大家備考託福聽力,提高託福成績。今天爲大家分享的是託福聽力聽力lecture並列型分析,希望能給大家的託福聽力帶來幫助。

託福聽力lecture並列型分析,你學會了嗎

託福聽力lecture並列型分析,你學會了嗎?

之前我們介紹了託福聽力lecture的並列型結構,一般是圍繞某一個主題並列平行展開去講解。這類結構沒有之前我們見到的直線型結構那麼好區分,因爲他沒有明顯的表示時間地點人物的信號詞,但是這種結構類型是我們TPO和考試中出現的比較多的結構類型。我們這次分析一篇按並列結構分層的一篇文章

今天我們以TPO34-L2爲例,給大家講解一下。

At the end of yesterday’s class, we were discussing landfills and the hundreds of millions of tons of everyday garbage which are deposited into them each year in the United States. It’s a growing problem! Quite simply, we are running out of space to put our garbage. And this is especially true for solid organic waste: food scraps from home or food processing plants, waste from farms, that sort of thing. Did you know that two thirds of the waste sitting in our landfills is organic material? We have government recycling programs for materials like plastics, glass and metal, yet widespread solutions for organic waste materials haven’t really been addressed in the United States. I think this is just asking for trouble in the future. 首先這篇文章先描述了上節課所講述的內容,landfill這種垃圾處理的方式,並且詳細描述了這種方式的不足之處,從而引出後面的主題,一種新的垃圾處理的方法APS

So today I want to talk about a technology that offers a potential solution to the problem—Anaerobic Phased Solids digestion, or APS digestion.

First of all, what does anaerobic mean? Anyone?

Without oxygen?老師和學生以問答的形式開始討論今天的新內容Anaerobic Phased Solids digestion,

Correct! APS digestion uses anaerobic bacteria, ones that thrive in the absence of oxygen, to consume, to break down organic material. 所謂的Anaerobic就是沒有氧氣,這種生詞的處理方式我們之前是講到很多遍的,不需要糾結生詞的字母意思,但是後面的解釋一定要聽清楚。

Excuse me. Professor. Um…those anaerobic bacteria you are talking about…well, aren’t anaerobic bacteria also used in waste water treatment plants?緊接着學生提出了疑問,這點非常重要相當於指出了第二種處理垃圾的方式,這點是同學們很容易忽略掉的一點:以前曾經用這種方式去處理廢水

Yes. They are. Would you like to explain this to the class?老師以問題的方式引出學生的回答

Sure! So when waste water is treated, one of the byproducts is a thick liquid called sludge. And aren’t anaerobic bacteria used to break down the sludge?

That’s right. Anaerobic bacteria have been used in waste water treatment for decades.

So how is this technology different?在這裏很明顯的要講到這兩種方式的不同之處。並且將會在後面的信息中講到之前這種方式的缺點

But there was always a problem. 這裏明確提出的缺點

In order to process the solid waste, the kind we find in landfills, you had to pretreat the solids to turn them into sludge.

First, by breaking the material apart mechanically into small particles and then adding a lot of water until you got a kind of thick, soupy mix that the equipment could handle. But that extra step took time and required a lot of energy. 後面的信息還是用到我們之前所說的列舉的方式舉出,這種方式不僅耗費能量耗費時間還會耗費金錢,這個部分也在題目中有體現

That sounds like it would cost a lot.

That’s right. But APS digestion is designed specifically to handle solid waste. So it is much more cost-effective.

The new technology processes organic waste in two phases. Remember, APS stands for Anaerobic Phased Solids digestion. 這裏就正事提了新的科技並且還是同樣按照列舉的方式解釋了他的兩個phase兩個階段,列舉的方式又再一次體現在了題目中

First, the waste material is loaded into a large, closed container, along with different types of anaerobic bacteria. The bacteria break the solids down into acids and hydrogen gas. The hydrogen is extracted and the remaining acids are transferred into a different container for the second phase of the process. There another type of bacteria converts the acids into methane gas. 在這裏用頁數語氣的方式提出了跟之前的想法不同的新的內容,所產生的methane甲烷其實是沒有害處的,因爲它不會釋放那大氣中。同樣體現在了題目中。

Aren’t hydrogen and methane gas bad for the environment though?

The answer in this case is no, because they don’t escape into the atmosphere. The gases are captured and can be burned to produce electricity, which saves a lot of money and ultimately decreases our need for fuels like petroleum and coal, which are not only expensive but are also polluting.

So organic waste from landfills could be processed this way?文章的最後就講到了這種方式的優點

It is certainly one possibility. And APS digestion systems are very versatile. They can be installed just about anywhere. See, anaerobic digestion systems used at waste water treatment plants are huge tanks that hold thousands of gallons of waste water. But the APS containers are small enough to be set up on site, where the waste is generated, like at food processing plants or on farms. So garbage doesn’t have to be transported long distances.這個部分的有點描述繼續以列舉的方法進行描述:1.方便安裝2.不用長距離的運輸廢品3.所產生的甲烷還可以去產生新的能源。

關於託福聽力lecture的文章案例解析就先跟同學們分享到這裏,如果同學們對托福考試感興趣,請點擊此處諮詢詳情。當然也提醒正在備考當中的同學們,一定要記得在託福閱讀備考當中,注意總結方法,而不是以爲刷題,這樣複習效果會提升的快一些。

  託福聽力備考之詞彙背誦重點解讀

發音的重要性

考生需要認識到的是對於讀音來說光記住發音規則並沒有用,關鍵要學會實踐,我們往往會在看到單詞的時候才能想到適用的是什麼規則,但這對於做題爲時已晚,所以必須習慣聽各種發音習慣,而不是靠規則去套。

除了口音,託福聽力詞彙本身的讀音當然要重視,這不僅關係到單詞的理解,還會影響到自己的口頭表達和書寫。背單詞時應該儘量用聽的形式熟悉詞彙,形成聽覺的敏感,而不僅僅是視覺上的敏感,這樣的話在聽到單詞時就不需要去反應單詞的形狀從而再從翻譯的角度去理解,而是直接的理解了,這對於內容繁多的托福考試來說是非常重要的。

拼寫的重要性

雖然新託福聽力考試對寫單詞並沒有要求,但考生也不能因此忽視拼寫。一方面寫作需要拼寫,另一方面聽力考試需要做筆記,如果考生對單詞都不熟悉,就無法快速寫下有效信息,把時間浪費在思考單詞上,或者寫完後才發現自己很多都只寫了單詞的部分,想不起來究竟寫了什麼,這樣的筆記就白做了。

另外,考生在記單詞拼寫的時候還是需要結合讀音,根據音節記單詞,把單詞拆分成一小部分一小部分。這樣不僅能使記憶深刻,牢固,還可以讓考生了解字母不同組合的發音習慣。當考試時遇到生詞就可以根據大致讀音記下來,有了單詞的基本形狀,等題目出現的時候就能找到對應的信息了。

  託福聽力備考之跟讀是關鍵

想想看,在中文中如果出現專業詞彙,並不會影響我們對於整句或整篇文章的理解,在託福閱讀中,偶爾出現的專業詞彙也不會導致我們理解不了閱讀意思。那麼,爲什麼這些偶爾出現的專業詞彙會影響我們的聽力理解呢?答案只有一個,就是我們的聽力能力不夠。英語聽寫可以幫助我們檢閱我們英語聽力的弱點,而跟讀則可以幫助我們克服這些弱點,從而真正提高託福聽力。

我們在英語聽寫的過程中,可以發現自己的聽力弱點:

1、對某些特定的話題聽不懂,那麼說明你在這方面的專業詞彙積累的相對較少,所以要加強。

2、對於聽力中的句子聽不懂,那麼可能的問題有語法邏輯,語音現象,比如連讀輕讀弱讀。

3、對於聽力中的詞彙聽不懂,可能的問題有詞彙不熟悉,發音不熟悉。

而跟讀可以很好的解決這些問題.因爲跟讀要求最終結果是能夠脫離文字並儘可能的模仿原文的語音語調。

首先,對於專業詞彙的不懂,經過長期的跟讀就會慢慢積累詞彙。

其次,對於聽不懂的句子, 一般跟讀也會很不順暢,踏實的進行跟讀,首先能夠熟悉英文的邏輯思維。

然後,由於跟讀要求對語音語調完全模仿,所以可以克服對語音現象不熟悉導致的聽不懂。

最後,跟讀是要說英語的,跟讀的熟悉了,自然而然就能開口說英語了,對於備考託福的同學們,跟讀可以同時提高託福聽力和託福口語,何樂而不爲!

託福聽力中跟讀有利於培養和提高學生學習英語興趣,但要持之以恆。如果過程中你實在覺得這個複雜,那麼就聽多遍之後跟着感覺走吧。總之對於託福聽力,只要一步步按計劃走,堅持不懈的練習與總結經驗,相信你一定會拿下高分。

  託福聽力備考之常用的習語

k new ground 創新、突破的意思

His architectural design broke new ground in the field. (他的建築設計是這個領域裏的創新。)

例:

As Google continues to break new ground at a tremendous rate, perhaps the button will give some impact on the Nostalgic.

谷歌一直都在以驚人的速度創新,但是移除這個按鈕可能會對一些懷舊的人產生影響。

the trick 做成功;達到理想的結果

——I’ve been trying to get the furnace started, but I can’t find the right switch. (我盡力想讓爐子燃起來,可不知道該按哪個鍵。)

——Here, I believe this one in the back will do the trick. (這裏,我相信後面按這個鍵,可以讓爐子燃起來。)

例:

If your friends are too busy to meet for lunch, a short phone call can do the trick要是你的朋友太忙而無法一起吃午飯,一個簡短的電話也能起到很好的效果。

one's feet 行動緩慢;磨磨蹭蹭不情願

——How’s Bob coming along on his dissertation proposal? (Bob的論文計劃進展地怎麼樣了?)

——He’s really been dragging his feet. (他很磨蹭的。)

例如:一個百貨公司的僱員正在罷工,要求增加工資。這個公司的經理說:

The union is dragging its feet on agreeing to a settlement. They think the company is getting desperate to get people back to work because Christmas is coming and that's our busiest time of year.

工會拖拖拉拉地不肯就解決方案達成協議。他們認爲,公司一定會迫不及待地要僱員回去工作,因爲聖誕節快來了,這是我們一年最忙的時候。

the line 拒絕,拒不容忍

——Paul expects me to clean the room every week.(Paul想讓我每週打掃房間。)

——That’s where I draw the line.(可是我絕對不會答應的。)

例如:Where do you draw the line between open discussion of project expectations, including the failure or perceived failure of initial project goals, and potentially disastrous opinion-making?

項目預期的開放討論的界線如何確定呢(包括最初項目目標的失敗或感受到的失敗和潛在的災難性觀點)?

down in the dumbrs 心情不好;情緒低落

——Kate was really feeling down in the dumbrs about her latest chemistry assignment.

(Kate爲最近的化學作業成績感到很沮喪。)

I burned midnight oil yesterday. So I feel down in the dumbrs today.

我昨天晚上熬夜了。今天我打不起精神。

例如:

If they do feel down in the dumbrs though, they are also more likely to turn to a general brractitioner rather than family for helbr.

如果他們確實感到抑鬱,他們也更傾向於向普通科醫師而不是家人求助。

and far between 不多;少而分散的;不常碰到或發現的;稀少的

——Steve is really a terrific guy. (Steve真是不簡單。)

——He sure is. Ones like him are few and far between. (當然。像他那樣的人可不多見。)

例如:If you wait for inspiration to slap you in the face, your work sessions will be few and far between.

對於一些俗語的託福詞彙,我們要多加總結,並要認真背誦,這對你的托福考試將大有益處。相信大家一定有所收穫,希望能在備考的路上助大家一臂之力。最後,小編預祝大家在托福考試中取得好成績。

以下這些是小編整理出來的習語,童鞋們要好好背下來哦!

1. take a rain check 改天吧

2. lost count 弄不清楚

3. be in another world 精神恍惚;魂不守舍

4. make yourself at home 隨意,隨便

5. save your breath 省口氣吧,別白費口舌了

6. make sense 有意義,理解

7. cost sb. an arm and a leg 非常昂貴

8. burn a hole in one's pocket 很快地被花光

9. fill one's shoes 很好地頂替;令人滿意地替代

10. Is ice cold? 表示理所當然

11. like apples and oranges 用來表示無法相比的事物

12. look for a needle in a hay stack 大海勞針

13. lose one's train of 忘記

14. meet each other half way 相互妥協,讓步

15. on the dot 準時,正點

16. once and for all 最後一次; 乾脆

17. out of earshot 不在聽力所及範圍

18. out of this world 非常好

19. play by ear 隨即應變;視情形而定

20. ring a bell 令人想起某件事;聽起來耳熟

21. share a common outlook 有共同的觀點

22. six of one and half-a-dozen of the other 半斤八兩

23. stick around 在附近逗留或等待

24. stick with 繼續做,堅持

25. straighten out 扯平;結清

26. toss and turn [身體]翻來覆去[通常表示難以入睡]

27. turn one's back [在別人遇到困難時]不願幫助

28,under the weather 身體不適, 生病

29. bite off more thanone can chew 貪多嚼不爛;

心有餘而力不足;不自量力,力不從心

30. break new ground 創新