運營商合建基站公司 中移動面臨政策壓力
China Mobile, the world's largest wireless carrier by subscribers, is feeling the pinch of increasing pressure from the Chinese government, which is striving to reduce the company's dominance in China.
中國政府正努力削弱中國移動(China Mobile)在國內市場的主導地位，後者正日益感受到來自政府的壓力。按用戶數計算，中國移動是全球最大的電信運營商。The latest policy headwind is its talks with the other two state-controlled carriers China Unicom and China Telecom to set up a joint venture to build and manage telecommunications infrastructures in China.
中國移動面臨的一項最新政策阻力是：該公司正與其他兩家國有運營商中國聯通(China Unicom)和中國電信(China Telecom)討論組建一家合資公司，負責建設和管理中國國內的電信基礎設施。
The discussions-- likely directed by the government-- match with Premier Li Keqiang's stated goals to reform state-owned enterprises by boosting competition.
Bloomberg News中國移動一家營業網點中展示的手機。上述合資事宜可能由政府引導。中國總理李克強曾表示將通過提高競爭推動國有企業改革，籌建合資公司的舉措與這一目標一致。
While the planned joint venture could help enhance the sharing of resources and reduce the costs for future network expansion, dominant carrier China Mobile may lose its strength in network coverage as it is likely to share its extensive network with the smaller rivals, said analysts.
分析師表示，儘管計劃籌建的合資公司可能有助於提高資源共享的程度並降低今後擴建網絡的成本，但此舉可能令佔據主導地位的中國移動與規模較小的競爭對手分享其龐大網絡，導致其喪失網絡覆蓋優勢。China Mobile, which has reported declines in earnings, had a head start on speedier fourth-generation mobile services in China, hoping the new services would help fend off rising competition and help it regain growth momentum.
近期利潤下滑的中國移動在發展高速4G網絡服務上拔得頭籌，並希望4G網絡能夠助其應對日益激烈的競爭並重拾增長動能。Smaller rivals China Unicom and China Telecom operate on 3G mobile technology platforms that are widely used globally, which give them access to more popular smartphones. The two companies have sold Apple's iPhones for several years but China Mobile only started offering them with the roll-out of its new 4G network in January.
其規模較小的競爭對手中國聯通和中國電信採用了全球普遍使用的3G移動技術，這兩家公司因此能夠與更受歡迎的智能手機廠家合作。兩家公司已經銷售蘋果iPhone數年，而中國移動在今年1月份推出其4G網絡後纔開始銷售iPhone。The new joint venture could undermine China Mobile's first-mover advantage in 4G services, analysts said.
分析師稱，新合資企業可能削弱中國移動在4G服務上的先發優勢。'If all tower assets in China are transferred to this new company, it will help China Telecom and China Unicom to accelerate their 4G network rollout, 'said Leping Huang, an analyst at Nomura.
野村(Nomura)分析師Leping Huang表示，如果中國全部通信鐵塔資產均轉移至這家新公司名下，那麼受此推動中國電信和中國聯通推出4G業務的速度可能加快。The number of telecom towers that China Telecom and China Unicom own is only equivalent to 28% and 46% of the towers that China Mobile owns, according to Nomura's estimate.
據野村估算，中國電信和中國聯通目前擁有的通信鐵塔數僅相當於中國移動通信鐵塔數的28%和46%。Analysts said an independent telecom tower company is a common business model in some countries like the U.S, India and Indonesia. A tower company typically will purchase or lease land, build telecom towers and lease the space in the tower to telecom operators. Telecom operators will use the space to install base station equipment they purchase from equipment vendors.
分析師稱，在美國、印度和印度尼西亞等國，獨立的通信鐵塔公司是一種常見商業模式。通信鐵塔公司通常會購買或租用土地，搭建通信鐵塔並將通信鐵塔內的空間出租給電信運營商。運營商將利用這些空間安裝從設備供應商那裏購買的基站設備。China didn't have an independent tower company in the past.
中國過去沒有獨立的通信鐵塔公司。As part of the government's continued effort to promote competition, China Mobile has already suffered from lower interconnection fees that smaller rivals pay for calls to the company's network, beginning this year. Analysts said the savings from the interconnection policy will help fund China Unicom and China Telecom's network upgrade and marketing efforts to further increase its mobile users this year.
中國政府一直在努力促進競爭，其中一項舉措便是從今年開始下調中聯通和中電信向中國移動支付的網間結算費用。分析師稱，中國聯通和中國電信將利用這一政策所節省的費用升級網絡、加強營銷，以便今年進一步增加手機用戶數量。They added that more policy headwinds are ahead for China Mobile in the coming years. For example, the Chinese government could gradually introduce mobile number portability which enables subscribers to retain their mobile numbers when changing from one carrier to another. This measure is expected to hit China Mobile badly as the mobile giant, with more than 770 million subscribers, controls about 60% of the mobile market in China.
分析師補充道，未來幾年中國移動在政策上還將面臨更多阻力。例如，中國政府可能逐步引入攜號轉網功能，即用戶能夠在更換運營商時保留原號碼。預計這一措施將對中國移動構成嚴重打擊，該公司用戶數超過7.7億，控制着中國移動通信市場大約60%的份額。China Mobile declined to comment.
中國移動對此不予置評。
