用智能手機或數碼單反拍電影

IT COST AN ESTIMATED $100 million to launch Sandra Bullock into space in 'Gravity' and $40 million to turn back the clock in 'American Hustle.' But not all the films up for Hollywood's top honors had such exorbitant budgets. A few of the short-documentary Academy Award nominees were made with cameras that look like something you might bring to the beach--with price tags that won't send you into a sweat.

在電影《地心引力》(Gravity)裏把桑德拉・布洛克(Sandra Bullock)送進太空估計花了一億美元（約合人民幣6.13億元），而在《美國騙局》(American Hustle)中讓時光倒流花費的資金估計達4000萬美元（約合人民幣2.45億元），然而並非所有角逐好萊塢(Hollywood)最高榮譽的電影都有如此高昂的預算。獲得奧斯卡獎(Academy Award)最佳紀錄短片提名的幾部片子所用的拍攝器材，看上去跟你帶去海灘的那種設備差不多――其標價籤也不會讓你出身冷汗。

'My camera kit literally fits into a duffel bag,' said Edgar Barens, the director of 'Prison Terminal: The Last Days of Private Jack Hall ' . More compact, affordable equipment doesn't just keep budgets down; it can also enable a different type of movie making. 'To not have this huge technological thing on your shoulder,' explained Mr. Barens, 'also breaks down that wall,' making it easier for him to bond with his subjects.

《牢獄的終結：二等兵傑克・霍爾的最後日子》(Prison Terminal: The Last Days of Private Jack Hall)的導演埃德加・貝倫斯(Edgar Barens)說：“我的整套攝影裝備用一個行李袋就能裝下。”用更緊湊、更實惠的設備拍電影不僅僅能降低預算，還能讓人進行一種別開生面的電影拍攝。貝倫斯解釋說，不肩扛巨大的技術設備，也照樣可以打破藩籬，還能讓他更容易與拍攝的對象建立關係。

No less impressive than the Oscar-nominated films being made for relatively small sums is what amateurs are able to capture with the smartphones in their pockets. As the price of cinema-quality gear drops and the consumer-level cameras advance, the barrier to making a high-quality film has never been lower. No matter what your skill set or budget, great tools are within reach.

業餘愛好者用他們兜裏的智能手機拍攝的東西，可以給人深刻印象，並不遜於較小成本製作的奧斯卡提名影片。隨着電影級畫質設備價格的下跌以及消費級攝像器材品質的提升，阻礙拍出高質量電影的門檻已經降到了歷史最低點。不管你的綜合技能或預算如何，好工具都是唾手可得的。

We asked the pros to recommend gear appropriate for smartphone shooters and soon-to-be Oscar-contenders alike.

我們請專業人士推薦了以下設備，它們既適合手機黨，也能滿足即將角逐奧斯卡獎的人。

Shoot steady. Nothing screams 'amateur home movie' like shaky, nausea-inducing shots. Conrad Mess, a Spain-based filmmaker, has won several awards at the iPhone Film Festival. His favorite solution is the Lollipod ($50, ), an ultra lightweight tripod that can also serve as a monopod or boom stand. 'You can pan or tilt very smoothly with it,' he said. 'And it almost fits in your pocket.'

穩定拍攝。沒有什麼能比搖搖晃晃、令人反胃的鏡頭畫面更能表明一部影片的“業餘家庭電影”身份了。家住西班牙的電影製作人康拉德・梅斯(Conrad Mess)在iPhone電影節(iPhone Film Festival)上好幾次獲獎。他最青睞的解決方案是用自拍樂(Lollipod)三腳架（上售價50美元（約合人民幣306元）），這種超輕的三腳架也可以當獨腳架或萬向支架使用。“有了它，你可以很平穩地進行搖攝或傾斜鏡頭，”他說，“而它幾乎可以裝進你的口袋裏。”

Keep the camera moving. 'If you move the camera smoothly, you will get a much better, more 'pro' look,' said Mr. Mess. To get this effect, he recommended the Glidetrack Mobislyder ($95, ). It includes five different mounts for attaching a smartphone or a small DSLR camera to a 12-inch track. Even though it's relatively short, it can be used to pull off interesting tracking shots. Another solution is the Steadicam Smoothee ($150, ), a version of the stabilizing equipment used by the pros that is been scaled down for smartphones and small cameras. Just be sure not to overdo it with the motion. 'Movements with a cellphone should be mostly slow and smooth,' Mr. Mess said.

讓攝像機動起來。梅斯說：“如果你平穩地移動攝像機，你會有一個更好、更‘專業’的派頭。”要取得這種效果，他推薦使用Mobislyder滑軌（上售價95美元（約合人民幣582元））。該滑軌有五種不同的底座，用來把智能手機或小型的數碼單反相機(DSLR camera)安裝到12英寸（約合30.48釐米）的軌道上。雖然滑軌相對較短，但它可以用來實現有趣的跟蹤拍攝。另一種解決方案是使用Smoothee攝影機穩定器（上的售價爲150美元（約合人民幣919元）），專業人員使用的這種穩定設備已經針對智能手機和小型照相機按比例進行了縮小。拍攝時只需確保動作不要過猛，“用手機拍攝時動作通常都應該做到緩慢、平穩，”梅斯說道。

Vary your lenses. The standard lens on your smartphone will only get you so far. For example, when shooting indoor scenes where you want to capture as much of the surroundings as possible, iPhone Film Festival co-founder Ruben Kazantsev said a wide-angle lens is ideal (he used one to film inside a police car for his latest film, 'Departure.') For iPhone shooters, he recommended the Smart Phocus 3 Lens Bundle ($110, ). It includes a case that gives an iPhone a more camera-like grip and includes three detachable lenses: wide angle, macro and Telephoto.

更換你的鏡頭。你的智能手機上的標準鏡頭只能讓你施展這麼一點能力了。iPhone電影節的共同創辦人魯邊・卡贊採夫(Ruben Kazantsev)說，比如，當拍攝室內場景時，你想盡量多地把環境都拍下來，使用廣角鏡頭十分理想（他在拍攝最近一部影片《離開》(Departure)時就用了一支廣角鏡頭來拍攝警車內部的場景）。對於用iPhone手機拍電影的人，他推薦的是Smart Phocus 3鏡頭包(Smart Phocus 3 Lens Bundle)（在上的售價爲110美元（約合人民幣673元））。這套鏡頭包可以讓iPhone更具相機那樣的手感，其中包括三個可拆卸的鏡頭：廣角鏡頭、微距鏡頭和遠攝鏡頭。

Upgrade your software. For greater control over the iPhone camera than the stock Camera app allows, Messrs. Kazantsev and Mess both use the Filmic Pro ($5, available for iOS). It allows you to focus on different objects in the frame; increase resolution for a higher quality picture; and achieve special effects, like slow motion and time-lapse video.

升級你的軟件。爲了實現對iPhone攝像功能的控制突破現有拍攝應用所允許的範圍，卡贊採夫和梅斯都使用了Filmic Pro應用程序（適用於iOS操作系統，售價5美元（約合人民幣31元））。該應用讓你能夠對取景框內的不同目標實現對焦、提高分辨率以獲取高質量的畫面，還能實現諸如慢動作和延時動態視頻這樣的特殊效果。

Upgrade your camera. For Mike Staniforth, a filmmaker who has shot award-winning films on an iPhone and traditional cameras, a DSLR camera is a must-have for anyone who's serious about movie making, because it delivers a better quality picture, especially in low light. The relatively affordable Canon EOS Rebel T5 EF-S paired with the Canon EF 50 mm f/1.8 II lens ($550 and $126, ) make a good starter kit, he said. But be sure to upgrade the lens when you're ready to commit to the art form. 'Realize that camera bodies come and go each year,' he said. 'The real investment is the glass on the front.'

升級你的攝像器材。在邁克・斯塔尼福斯(Mike Staniforth)（用iPhone和傳統相機拍攝過獲獎影片的電影製作人）看來，單反數碼相機對於任何嚴肅對待電影拍攝的人來說都是必備之選，因爲它可以拍出更高質量的畫面，尤其是在低光照的條件下。價格相對便宜的佳能(Canon)EOS Rebel T5 EF-S單反相機搭配了佳能EF 50 mm f/1.8 II 鏡頭（在上的售價分別爲550美元（約合人民幣3365元和771元）），是很好的入門套裝器材，他說。不過當你準備要投身這門藝術的時候，一定要升級你的鏡頭。“要知道機身每年都在更新換代，”他說，“真正該投資的是前面的那塊玻璃。”

Record better audio. According to several filmmakers, beginners are better off using prerecorded music for their films than trying to record live dialogue--mainly because the quality of built-in microphones on smartphones and camcorders aren't up to the task. But if you want an affordable way to capture intelligible dialogue, Mr. Staniforth recommended the Zoom H1 ($100, ). This stand-alone digital recorder also functions as a stereo external mic for a video camera, and can be attached using an optional hot-shoe mount.

錄製更好的聲音。據好幾位電影製作人說，初學者最好爲他們的電影配用預先錄製好的音樂，而不是現場錄製對話――主要是因爲智能手機和便攜式攝像機上內置的麥克風質量無法達到任務要求。但如果你想找一種經濟實惠的方式錄製清晰可辨的對話，斯塔尼福斯推薦使用Zoom H1錄音筆（在上的售價爲100美元（約合人民幣612元））。這款獨立操作的數字錄音設備還可以用作攝像機的外接立體聲麥克風，用一個選配的熱插拔底座就可以與攝像機實現連接。

Stretch time. Time-lapse is another technique that can take amateur video to the next level. Filmmaker Jeffrey Karoff used it for his Oscar-nominated documentary short, 'CaveDigger,' by leaving an old DSLR camera and a Canon TC-80N3 Timer Remote Controller ($210, ) with one of his subjects. Although this model is only compatible with Canon cameras, 'timer remote controls' are available for other brands of camera.

延長時間。延時拍攝是另一種讓業餘級別視頻得以提升水平的技術。電影製作人傑弗裏・卡洛夫(Jeffrey Karoff)在他獲奧斯卡最佳紀錄短片提名的《挖穴人》(CaveDigger)中使用了這種技術，他用一臺舊的數碼單反相機和一臺佳能TC-80N3遙控計時器（在上的售價是210美元（約合人民幣1,285元））對他的一個拍攝對象進行了長時間拍攝。雖然這種型號的遙控計時器只兼容佳能相機，但其它相機品牌的“遙控計時器”也是有售的。

Frame your an app. To get a sense of what a shot will look like using different lens configurations and settings, Kieran Crilly, director of photography for the Oscar-nominated short documentary 'The Lady In Number 6: Music Saved My Life,' uses the Artemis Director's Viewfinder app ($30, available for Android and iOS). 'You tell it what camera and what lens you are on, and it shows you what the frame will look like,' he said. 'It's handy when you're scouting.'

用應用軟件查看畫面構圖。爲了弄清在不同的鏡頭配置及參數設置條件下拍攝的畫面會是什麼樣子，奧斯卡最佳紀錄短片獲獎提名影片《6號屋的女人：音樂拯救我的生命》(The Lady In Number 6: Music Saved My Life)的攝影指導基蘭・克里利(Kieran Crilly)使用了Artemis Director's Viewfinder應用程序（售價30美元（約合人民幣184元），安卓(Android)和iOS系統的均有售）。“你告知程序你使用是哪種相機和什麼鏡頭，它會給你顯示畫面構圖會是什麼樣子，這真是非常方便”他說。

Track the sun. According to Mr. Crilly, another popular app among DPs is Sun Seeker ($6 for Android, $7 for iOS), which will map out the sun's trajectory using your smartphone's camera, GPS and compass. 'If you're going to set up a shoot and you're not sure if the sun is going to come in, it's a really useful tool,' he said.

追蹤太陽。據克里利說，在數據處理中大受歡迎的另一款應用程序是Sun Seeker（安卓版的售價6美元（約合人民幣37元），iOS版的售價7美元（約合人民幣43元）），它會利用你智能手機上的攝像頭、全球定位系統(GPS)和羅盤繪製出太陽的軌跡。他說：“如果你打算佈置場景進行拍攝而你又不確定陽光是否會照射進來，這款應用真的是一個十分有用的工具。”

Get a pro-grade camera that won't blow your budget. At least two of the films nominated for best short documentary at this Sunday's Academy Awards--'The Lady In Number 6' and 'CaveDigger'--were shot on a camera that cost less than $3,500: the Canon 5D, the latest model of which is the Mark III ($3,400, ). Its price point is almost unheard of. 'To have that quality on a consumer level was really something brand new,' said Mr. Karoff. That said, the lens is what's key. 'It doesn't matter how good a camera sensor is, you need good glass to get the best from it,' said Mr. Staniforth. To shoot 'The Lady In Number 6,' Mr. Crilly used a Canon EF 24-70mm f/2.8L II USM lens ($2,299, ). 'That really is kind of the hero lens that most people tend to take out on docs,' he said. But to soften the Canon 5D's ultra-crisp image, Mr. Crilly also employed filters, in this case, the Tiffen 4x5.65 Soft/FX 1 Filter ($431, ) and Schneider 4x5.65 Classic Soft 1 Filter ($365, ).

買一臺不會打破你的預算的專業級相機。獲得上週日奧斯卡獎最佳紀錄短片提名的影片中至少有兩部――《6號屋的女人》和《挖穴人》――是用價格不到3,500美元（約合人民幣21,450元）的相機拍攝的：佳能5D，其最新的型號是Mark III（在上的售價是3,400美元（約合人民幣20,838元））。這樣的零售價格幾乎聞所未聞。卡洛夫說：“在消費級的相機上拍出那樣的畫質的確是一件新鮮的事情。”儘管如此，關鍵還是在於鏡頭。“不管相機傳感器有多好，你需要好的鏡頭才能將它發揮到極致，”斯塔尼福斯說。在拍攝《6號屋的女人》時，克里利使用了佳能的EF 24-70mm f/2.8L II 超聲波馬達(USM)鏡頭（在上的售價爲2,299美元（約合人民幣14,090元））。他說：“這真是大多數拍攝紀錄片的人會想要使用的那種超級鏡頭。”但是爲了柔化佳能5D超銳的圖像，克里利還使用了濾鏡，在拍攝這部影片時用的是天芬(Tiffen) 4x5.65 柔光/FX 1濾鏡（在上的售價爲431美元（約合人民幣2,641元））和施耐德(Schneider) 4x5.65經典柔光(Classic Soft)1濾鏡（在上的售價爲365美元（約合人民幣2,237元））。

Invest in a quality mic. At this level, you're going to want to record usable audio and ambient sound, and a mic like the Sennheiser ME66 ($500 with power module, ) will help you pull that off. It's what Mr. Barens, the director of 'Prison Terminal,' used when shooting his Oscar-nominated film at the Iowa State Penitentiary. 'It's directional enough to be crisp,' he said, 'but not too shot-gunny that it's hyper crisp on one person only.'

投資購買高品質的麥克風。在這一階段，你會希望錄製可用的音頻及周圍的聲音，像森海塞爾(Sennheiser) ME66（在上帶電源模塊、售價500美元（約合人民幣3,064元））的這種麥克風會祝你一臂之力。該麥克風正是《牢獄的終結》的導演貝倫斯在愛荷華州監獄(the Iowa State Penitentiary)拍攝他這部奧斯卡提名影片時使用的那款。“它的定向性能足以保證聲音的清晰，”他說，“但又不像獵槍的聲音那樣只有一個人的聲音是超級清晰的。”

Tailor your lighting. The pros customize their light sources to the shoot. For the lowlight alleyway shots in the Oscar-nominated short documentary 'Facing Fear,' director of photography Svetlana Cvetko, used the battery-powered Bescor LED-95DK2 Dual LED Light Kit ($200, ). But she lighted her interviews with the more expensive Kino Flo Diva-Lite 400 Universal Fluorescent Light Fixture ($1,233, including lamps, ).

量身定做你的照明設備。專業人士都是定製他們拍片用的光源設備。爲拍攝光照度低的小巷場景，奧斯卡最佳紀錄短片提名影片《直面恐懼》("Facing Fear)的攝影指導斯維特蘭娜・茨韋特科(Svetlana Cvetko)使用了用電池供電的Bescor LED-95DK2雙LED燈組套件（在上的售價爲200美元（約合人民幣1,226元））。但她在接受採訪時使用了更昂貴的Kino Flo Diva-Lite 400通用熒光燈照明設備(Universal Fluorescent Light Fixture)（在上含燈管的售價爲1,233美元（約合人民幣7,557元））。

Make your rig portable. The downside of being able to fit your gear into a bag is having to carry it all yourself. Mr. Karoff recommended the LowePro Pro Runner x450 AW ($370, ) because it has wheels and, critically, backpack straps: 'That was important because we did a lot of hiking into the hills.'

讓你的裝備攜帶輕便。用一個包裝下所有設備的缺點，就是所有的東西你得自己扛。卡洛夫推薦樂攝寶(LowePro)Pro Runner x450 AW攝影包（在上的售價爲370美元（約合人民幣2,268元）），因爲它裝有滾輪，關鍵的是，它有揹包肩帶：“這很重要，因爲我們到山中徒步的次數很多。”