特朗普簽署“買美國貨 僱美國人”行政令
Donald Trump went to a Wisconsin county that he narrowly won in the presidential election to sign a new “Buy American, Hire American” executive order aimed at cracking down on skilled worker visa abuse and forcing US government agencies to buy more domestically produced products.
美國總統唐納德?特朗普(Donald Trump)去了威斯康星州一個他在此次總統選舉中險勝的縣，去簽署一項“買美國貨，僱美國人”的新行政令。該行政令旨在打擊對技術工人簽證的濫用，並強制美國政府機構採購更多美國國內生產的產品。Mr Trump went to the headquarters of Snap-on — a tool company in Kenosha, Wisconsin, hometown of White House chief of staff Reince Priebus and a swing county that was key to Mr Trump’s election in November — to sign the two-part order.
特朗普去實耐寶(Snap-on)總部簽署了這項包含兩部分內容的行政令。實耐寶是威斯康星州基諾沙(Kenosha)的一家工具公司。基諾沙是白宮幕僚長雷恩斯?普里巴斯(Reince Priebus)的故鄉，去年11月，這個搖擺縣對特朗普的當選起到了關鍵作用。The first part directs federal government agencies to crack down on fraud and abuse in the H-1B visa programme for skilled workers, used by many Silicon Valley companies and outsourcing giants to bring in foreign workers. It also aims to shift the awarding of the 85,000 visas issued annually from the current lottery system to one that gives greater preference to high-skilled workers with advanced degrees.
該行政令的第一部分要求聯邦政府機構打擊面向技術工人的H-1B簽證計劃中的欺詐和濫用行爲。許多硅谷公司和外包業巨頭都用該簽證計劃引進外國勞工。這一部分還旨在把每年發放的8.5萬份簽證的頒發機制，從目前的抽籤制改爲賦予擁有高級學位的高技能工人更大優先權的機制。
The second part calls for the federal government to strengthen its various “Buy American” provisions that give preference to domestically produced products and also for a 220-day study of US trade agreements that effectively give foreign companies the right to be treated as domestic companies. Administration officials argue that the biggest of those — the World Trade Organisation’s Government Procurement Agreement — has seen US companies get less access to foreign government contracts than vice versa.
行政令的第二部分呼籲聯邦政府強化其各種“買美國貨”規定，這類規定要求優先考慮美國國內生產的產品。此外，這一部分還呼籲開展一項爲期220天的調查，調查那些實際上令外國企業有權被視爲美國國內企業的美國貿易協議。特朗普政府官員聲稱，這些貿易協議中影響最大的世貿組織(WTO)《政府採購協議》(Government Procurement Agreement)導致美國企業獲得外國政府合同的機會低於外國企業獲得美國政府合同的機會。Mr Trump said to tepid applause from a room full of Snap-on employees that the order would “minimise the use of waivers and maximise made-in-America content in all federal projects”, as well as cracking down on “companies that used dumped steel to take work away from workers like you”.
在一間滿是實耐寶員工的房間中，特朗普在稀稀拉拉的掌聲中表示，該行政令不但會“在所有聯邦項目中將豁免的使用降至最低，將美國製造內容提至最高”，還會打擊“使用傾銷鋼材奪走你們這類工人工作崗位的企業”。
He said that H-1B visas “should never be used to replace Americans”, his latest attempt to bolster support among the working-class voters who helped him win the White House, as he approached the 100th day of his presidency.
他說，H-1B簽證“永遠都不應被用來替代美國人”。這一言論是他執政接近百日之際鞏固工薪階層選民對其支持的最新努力。工薪階層選民曾幫助特朗普入住白宮。The new order drew criticism from business groups that have previously been supportive of H-1B visas and sceptical of Buy American laws.
新行政令受到一些商業團體的批評，這些商業團體此前一直支持H-1B簽證，並對“買美國貨”法規持懷疑態度。The US Chamber of Commerce said expanding Buy American programmes risked other countries doing the same and closing their markets to US products. While the H-1B programme needed changes, it would be wrong to scrap it.
美國商會(US Chamber of Commerce)表示，把“買美國貨”計劃擴大化，可能導致其他國家採取同樣的措施，對美國產品關閉它們的市場。而儘管H-1B簽證計劃需要改革，將其取消卻是錯誤的。But the steel industry, which has been a beneficiary of Buy American laws for decades, said the move was vital to keep the US industry competitive.
不過，作爲“買美國貨”法規幾十年來的受益者，美國鋼鐵業表示此舉對保持美國工業競爭力至關重要。
