《胡潤百富榜》 中國鉅富人數首超美國

China has overtaken the US as home to the most dollar billionaires, according to the latest Hurun Rich List, with real estate tycoon Wang Jianlin overtaking Alibaba founder Jack Ma as the mainland’s wealthiest person.

根據最新的《胡潤百富榜》(Hurun Rich List)，中國已取代美國成爲身家10億美元以上富翁最多的國家，房地產大亨王健林取代阿里巴巴(Alibaba)創始人馬雲(Jack Ma)成爲中國內地首富。

Mr Wang also overtook Hong Kong tycoon Li Ka-shing as the richest person in Greater China. Hurun values Mr Wang, 61, at $34.4bn, up 52 per cent from a year earlier, versus $32.7bn for Mr Li and $22.7bn for Mr Ma. Mr Wang topped the mainland list in 2013 but lost the title to Mr Ma last year.

王健林還取代香港大亨李嘉誠(Li Ka-shing)成爲大中華地區首富。根據《胡潤百富榜》的數據，61歲的王健林身家達344億美元，比去年增長52%，李嘉誠爲327億美元，馬雲爲227億美元。王健林曾在2013年成爲中國內地首富，但去年將這一稱號拱手讓與馬雲。

China added 242 dollar billionaires in 2015, bringing its total to 596, against 537 in the US, according to the annual ranking of China’s wealthy. If Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan are included, the Greater China total reaches 715.

根據對中國富豪的年度排名，今年中國身家10億美元以上富翁的數量增加了242人，總數爲596人，美國爲537人。如果把香港、澳門和臺灣包括在內，大中華地區身家10億美元以上富翁的數量爲715人。

Much of this wealth is on paper and comes from vast stakes in companies the billionaires founded. The value of these stakes has been hugely volatile as the Chinese stock market whipsawed earlier this year. The Hurun report is based on equity values on August 14, since then the Shanghai Composite Index has fallen 16 per cent .

這些財富很多爲賬面財富，而且有很多來自這些鉅富創建的公司的大量股權。這些股權的價值極具波動性，因爲今年早些時候中國股市曾大幅震盪。《胡潤百富榜》基於8月14日的股價編制的，那之後上證綜指已累計下跌16%。

Dalian Wanda Group, the commercial-property arm of Mr Wang’s company, listed in Hong Kong in December, while his cinema chain debuted in Shanghai in January. Growth in his cinema empire accounted for the bulk of Mr Wang’s wealth gains, Hurun said.

萬達商業地產(Dalian Wanda Commercial Properties)是王健林旗下的商業地產業務，去年12月在香港上市。他的院線業務今年1月在上海上市。胡潤表示，院線業務增長佔王健林新增財富的很大一部分。

As China’s property market cools, Mr Wang has diversified into media, tourism, and finance. Hurun said that only half of his wealth came from property in 2015, versus 90 per cent five years ago.

隨着中國房地產市場降溫，王健林已將業務轉向媒體、旅遊和金融領域。胡潤表示，今年王健林只有一半的財富來自房地產，而5年前爲90%。

Mr Ma’s wealth fell 2.2 per cent in 2015 as Alibaba’s New York-listed shares slumped, but gains in the value of Ant Financial Services Group, which includes online payment platform Alipay, helped buffer losses.

2015年，馬雲的財富縮水2.2%，原因是阿里巴巴在紐約上市的股票下挫，但螞蟻金服(Ant Financial Services Group)的價值增長幫助抵消了部分財富縮水。螞蟻金服包括在線支付平臺支付寶(Alipay)。

Despite the slowing economy, the number of people on the overall rich list — which claims to track anyone with at least Rmb2bn ($315m) in wealth — rose by 680 to 1,877 in 2015, the largest yearly increase on record and up from a gain of 343 names last year. The cut-off to make the top 10 was $10.2bn, up 44 per cent from last year. For the top 100, the cut-off was $3.2bn, triple the level of five years ago.

儘管中國經濟放緩，但登上2015年《胡潤百富榜》的富豪數量（上榜門檻爲身家20億元人民幣（合3.15億美元））增加680人，至1877人，爲有記錄以來最大年度增長。去年新增富豪343位。前十名的門檻爲身家102億美元，較去年高出44%。前100名的門檻爲32億美元，是5年前的3倍。

Information technology was the fastest-growing source of wealth, with the number of IT-related names rising 43 per cent over 2014 to 210. But manufacturing and real estate remain the two biggest sources of wealth for the super-rich, accounting for 28 per cent and 16 per cent of names respectively. Real estate also accounts for five of the top ten, including Mr Wang.

信息科技(IT)是財富增長最快的領域，今年與IT相關的富豪數量較去年增加43%，達到210人。但製造業和房地產仍是鉅富人羣最大的兩個財富來源，分別貢獻了28%和16%的富豪。在排名前十的富豪中，房地產業的佔到了一半，其中包括王健林。

Excluding inherited wealth, six dollar billionaires were born in the 1980s, including Frank Wang, 35, of DJI Innovations with $3.4bn. Pony Ma, 44, founder of social media group Tencent Holdings, is the youngest in the top 10, with $18.8bn.

不計繼承而來的財富，有6位身家十億美元的富翁是“80後”，包括35歲的大疆創新(DJI Innovations)首席執行官汪滔(Frank Wang)，他擁有34億美元財富。在排名前十的富豪中，44歲的社交媒體集團騰訊控股(Tencent Holdings)創始人馬化騰(Pony Ma)最爲年輕，他的總財富爲188億美元。

Women accounted for 21 per cent of the list’s members, and are led by Zhou Qunfei, founder of touchscreen maker Lens Technology, who ranks 17th with $17.8bn.

女性佔該排行榜富豪數量的21%，排名最靠前的是觸摸屏製造商藍思科技(Lens Technology)創始人周羣飛，她排名第17位，財富爲178億美元。