記住10個人名就記住了10大發明
Bowler
圓頂禮帽
This iconic hard felt hat is named after William Bowler, the English hatter who created it in 1850. It is believed that Edward Coke, the younger brother of the 2nd Earl of Leicester, initially commissioned the design for his gamekeepers who needed to protect their heads from low-hanging branches while on horseback.
這種標誌性的硬氈帽是以威廉·寶樂的名字命名的。這位英國帽商在1850年發明了這種帽子。據說，萊斯特伯爵二世的弟弟愛德華·寇克最初是爲他的守門員委託設計的。他的守門員騎在馬背上時，需要保護他們的頭免受低垂樹枝的傷害。
Boycott
抵制
The term boycott entered the English language during the Irish Land War to denote a withdrawal from “commercial or social relations with a country, organization, or person as a punishment or protest”. It comes from the name of Captain Charles Boycott, a land agent in Ireland, who was a prominent early recipient of such treatment with the encouragement of the Irish Land League in the autumn of 1880.
這個術語是在愛爾蘭土地戰爭時期被納入英語的。該術語表示不與一個國家，組織或者個人維持商業或者社會關係，以此作爲懲罰或抗議的手段。這個術語來自於將軍查理·博弈寇特，一位愛爾蘭地產商。1880年秋天，在愛爾蘭土地聯盟的鼓勵下，他是最早接受這項措施的傑出人物。
Braille
盲文
It was the French educator Louis Braille who gave his name to a form of written language for the blind or visually impaired –now simply known as Braille. Interestingly, Braille devised the system after learning of the military cryptography of French Army Captain Charles Barbier. The officer had come up with a code of dots impressed on paper that allowed soldiers to communicate in the dark.
這是一位法國教育家路易斯·布萊葉以其名命名了爲盲人和視力受損的人所準備的一種書寫語言，現在簡稱布萊葉盲文。有趣的是，布萊葉是在得知了法國將軍查理·芭比的軍事密碼學之後，發明了這套系統。這位長官想出了通過印在紙上的點碼讓士兵們在黑暗中交流的方法。
Diesel
柴油機
French-born German engineer Rudolf Diesel is credited with inventing the diesel engine (also known simply as diesel). He patented the design for a new, more efficient internal-combustion engine in 1892; the first prototype was exhibited in 1897.
爲了表彰這位生於法國的德國工程師汝道夫·迪叟發明柴油機，他的名字就被命名爲柴油機。1892年，他用一個更有效率的新內燃機引擎爲這項設計申請了專利。最初的柴油機原型在1897年被展出。
Ferris wheel
摩天輪
The original Ferris wheel was constructed by the American engineer George W. G. Ferris. It was opened at the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893 as the largest attraction with a height of 80.4 metres, intended to rival the centrepiece of the 1889 Paris Exposition –the Eiffel Tower.
最初的摩天輪是由美國工程師喬治·W·G·費瑞斯建造的。高80.4米的摩天輪於1893年芝加哥世界博覽會上作爲最大的亮點向世人開放，爲的是和1889年巴黎博覽會的亮點——埃菲爾鐵塔一較高下。
Heimlich manoeuvre
海姆利克氏操作法
The term Heimlich manoeuvre is eponymously derived from the name of Henry Judah Heimlich, the American doctor who developed the procedure in the 1970s.
這個術語海姆利克氏操作法得名於亨利·J·海姆利克。這位美國醫生在20世紀70年代發明了這種操作法。
Kalashnikov
卡拉西尼科夫來複槍
In 1947, the Russian lieutenant and small arms designer Mikhail Kalashnikov created a sub-machine gun for the Soviet Army. The AK-47, short for Avtomat Kalashnikova model 1947, or simply Kalashnikov, went on to become the standard issue assault rifle of the Red Army.
1947年，這位俄國上尉兼輕武器設計師卡拉什尼科夫爲蘇聯軍隊發明了一款衝鋒槍。AK-47是卡拉西尼科夫來1947型復槍的簡稱。它成爲紅軍的標準突擊步槍。
Mason jar
梅森食品瓶
This wide-mouthed glass jar, commonly also referred to as Mason, was created by the American tinsmith John Landis Mason, who was granted a US patent in 1858. Sadly his invention didn’t make him rich –Mason died in poverty in 1902.
大口玻璃瓶普遍被稱爲梅森。這種食品瓶是由美國錫匠約翰·L 梅森發明，於1858年被作爲一項美國專利。可惜，他的發明沒讓他變富。1902年，他在貧困潦倒中死去。
Petri dish
皮氏培養皿
German bacteriologist Julius Richard Petri was working at the Kaiserliches Gesundheitsamt (Imperial Health Office) in Berlin from 1877 to 1879 as an assistant to Robert Koch when he invented a transparent dish used for the culture of microorganisms –the Petri dish.
1877年~1879年，德國細菌學者朱利斯·理察·佩特里在柏林帝國衛生局工作，作爲羅伯特·科赫的助理。在這段時間裏，他發明了一個微生物透明培養皿，又稱皮氏培養皿。
Pilates
普拉提
Pilates –a system of exercises using special apparatus –got its name from Joseph Pilates, a German-born physical fitness specialist. He developed the system in the UK and US during the first half of the 20th century after having studied both Eastern and Western forms of exercise.
普拉提是用特殊設備進行健身的鍛鍊方法，用約瑟夫·皮拉提斯的名字命名了它。他是德國健身專家。在二十世紀上半葉，他在英國和美國學習了東西方健身方式之後發明了這個鍛鍊方法。
