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英文語法大全

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我們來看看動詞的英語語法,來學習一下巧用動詞的方法。下面是本站小編給大家整理的英文語法講解,供大家參閱!

padding-bottom: 82.5%;">英文語法大全
  英文語法講解:動詞的不定式

動詞不定式及其短語還可以有自己的賓語、狀語,雖然動詞不定式在語法上沒有表面上的直接主語,但它表達的意義是動作,這一動作一定由使動者發出。這一使動者我們稱之爲 邏輯主語,其形式如下:

(1)語態

如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者,不定式一般要用被動語態形式。如:

It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主語是被動語態to be invited是被邀請)

It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主語)

I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作賓語)

Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定語)

He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作狀語)

在There be結構中,修飾主語的不定式可用被動,也可用主動。如:There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時兩種形式表達的意思不同,如:There is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)

(2)時態

1) 現在時:一般現在時表示的動詞,有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生,有時發生在謂語動詞的動作之後。

He seems to know this.

I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再見到你。

2) 完成時:表示的動作發生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

He seems to have caught a cold.

3) 進行時:表示動作正在進行,與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生。

He seems to be eating something.

4) 完成進行時:

She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

一般在情緒後加to do to do 也表將來

編輯本段疑問詞+不定式結構疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how後可接不定式構成不定式短語,在句中作主語、賓語、表 語等。如:

①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主語)

②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做賓語)

③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做直接賓語)

④The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表語)

以上例句中疑問詞+不定式部分,均可轉換爲相應的從句形式。如:①When we shall leave…③…how I

could learn…

經常在這種結構中使用的動詞有:consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。

語法功能一、作主語

動詞不定式作主語時,句子的謂語動詞常用單數,其位置有以下兩種:

(1)把不定式置於句首。如:

To get there by bike will take us half an hour.

(2)用it作形式主語,把真正的主語不定式置於句後,常用於下列句式中。如:

①It+be+名詞+to do

It's our duty to take good care of the old.

②It takes sb+some time+to do

How long did it take you to finish the work?

③It+be+形容詞+for sb+to do

It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an h

It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.

④It seems(appears)+形容詞+to do

It seemed impossible to save money.

在句型③中,常用表示客觀情況的形容詞,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示讚揚或批評的詞。在不定式前的sb,可看作其邏輯主語。這一句式有時相當於Sb is+形容詞+to do句式 ,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.

(3)舉例

(1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了

easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;

the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough

It's so nice to hear your voice.

聽到你的聲音真高興。

It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

當你不用車的時候,鎖車是有必要的。

(2) It's very kind of him to help us. 他幫助我們,他真好。

Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)

例句:

It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。

It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不給他們任何東西,這顯得太自私了。

注意:(1) 其他系動詞如,look,appear等也可用於此句型

(2) 不定式作爲句子成分時,動詞用單數形式。

(3) 當不定式作主語的句子中又有一個不定式作表語時,不能用It is… to…的句型

(對)To see is to believe. 眼見爲實。

(錯)It is to believe to see.

  英文語法講解:動名詞與不定式的區別

1) 動名詞與不定式的區別:

動名詞表達的是: 狀態,性質,心境,抽象,經常性,已發生的

不定式表達的是: 目的,結果,原因,具體,一次性,將發生的

2) 接不定式或動名詞,意義相同。

3) 動名詞與不定式語義不同的有11 組:

1 stop to do     stop doing

2 forget to do     forget doing

3 remember to do   remember doing

4 regret to do     regret doing

5 cease to do     cease doing

6 try to do      try doing

7 go on to do     go on doing

8 afraid to do     afraid doing

9 interested to do  interested doing

10 mean to do      mean doing

11 begin/ start to do  begin/ start doing

  英文語法講解:延續性動詞和非延續性動詞

英語動詞按其動作發生的方式以及動作發生過程的長短,可分爲延續性動詞和非延續性動詞。

1. 延續性動詞

也有人叫它持續性動詞,它表示能夠延續的動作,這種動作可以長時間延續下去或產生持久的影響。英語中的延續性動詞比較多,如study, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

He worked all day in the fields. 他在地裏幹了一天。

I waited for you for an hour. 我等你等了一個鐘頭。

He stayed in London for over a month. 他在倫敦待了一個多月。

He watched them eating. 他瞧着他們吃飯。

2. 非延續性動詞

非延續性動詞,也有人叫它終止性動詞、短暫性動詞、瞬間動詞,它表示不能延續的動作,這種動作發生後立即結束。這類動詞常見的有begin, buy, close, come, die, fail, find, finish, go, join, kill, leave, lend, lose, sell, start, stop, borrow等。如:

They reached the village in the afternoon. 下午他們抵達那個村子。

I haven't finished the work yet. 這項工作我還沒有幹完。

She stood up and left the room. 她站起身走出房去。

3. 與完成時連用

有的人認爲非延續性動詞不能與現在完成時連用,你也這樣認爲嗎?錯了!其實這是一種誤解。事實上,無論是延續性動詞還是非延續性動詞,它們都可以與現在完成時連用。如:

He has lived here for ten 10 years. 他在這裏住了10年了。

He has just arrived. 他剛剛到達。

上面兩句的謂語都用了現在完成時,但第一句中的動詞live是延續性動詞,而第二句中的動詞arrive爲非延續性動詞。兩者真正不同的是,延續動詞根據需要可以連用一段時間,而非延續性動詞通常不能連用一段時間,所以第一句中的live可以連用一段時間for ten years,第二句中的arrive則不可以連用類似for ten years這樣的一段時間。

4. 非延續性動詞的如何變爲延續性動詞

非延續性動詞由於它所表示的動作只在瞬間完成,不能延續,所以它不能與一段時間連用,若在實際語境中需要連用一段時間,則應改爲與之同義的延續性動詞。如:

begin / start→be on die→be dead come / go→be in

borrow→keep finish→be over leave→be away

buy→have get to know→know join→be in / be a member of

請看下面的例句子:

運動會已經開了三天了。

誤:The sports meeting has begun for three days.

正:The sports meeting has been on for three days.

他入黨10年了。

誤:He has joined the Party for 10 years.

正:He has been in the Party for 10 years.

正:He has been a Party member for 10 years.

他死了三年了。

誤:He has died for three years.

正:He has been dead for three years.

5. 在否定句中的用法

非延續性動詞不能與一段時間連用,這通常只限於肯定句,在否定句中則沒有這樣的限制——因爲所有的非延續性動詞一旦被否定,就成了一種狀態,而所有的狀態都是可以持續的。如leave(離開)是非延續性動詞,而not leave(沒有離開)則是一種狀態,因爲“沒有離開”其實就是“呆在原處”,相當於still stay there之類的意思,所以它是延續了。如:

誤:He has left here for three years. 他離開這兒有三年了。

正:He hasn't left here for three years. 他已有三年沒離開這兒了。