中英雙語話史記 第138期:中華人民共和國
The People’s Republic of China
中華人民共和國On October 1, 1949 a grand ceremony was witnessed by 300 000 people in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square, and Mao Zedong, chairman of the Central People’s Government, solemnly proclaimed the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
1949年10月1日，30萬人在北京天安門廣場見證了盛大的開國典禮，中央人民政府主席毛澤東莊嚴宣佈中華人民共和國正式成立。During the initial post-Liberation period, the Chinese government successfully carried out land reform in areas accounting for over 90 percent of the total national agricultural population, and 300 million farmers were granted approximately 47 million hectare of land.
解放初期，中國政府成功地在全國九成以上農業人口的地區推行了土地改革， 3億農民獲得了大約4700萬公頃的土地。
Amazing achievements were made during the First Five-Year Plan period, from 1953 to 1957.
1953到1957年，在第一個五年計劃期間，中國取得了令人矚目的成就。The average annual increase rate of the national income reached over 8.9 percent.
年均國民收入增長率達到8.9%。China established basic industries necessary for full industrialization hitherto non-existent domestically, producing airplanes, automobiles, heavy machinery, precision machinery, power-generating equipment, metallurgical and mining equipment, high-grade alloy steels and non-ferrous metals.
爲了實現工業化的目標，中國建立了很多基礎工業基地，用以生產飛機、汽車、重型機械、精密機械、發電設備、冶金和採礦設備、高級合金鋼和有色金屬。The ten years from 1957 to 1966 was the period in which China started large-scale socialist construction.
從1957到1966年10年間，中國開始大規模的社會主義建設。Though China suffered from the mistakes in its policies during the period, it also accomplished a great deal.
儘管政策上出現了錯誤，然而依然成果顯著。The nation’s total industrial fixed assets quadrupled between 1956 and 1966 and the national income increased by 58 percent in constant prices.
國家的工業固定資產在1956年到1966年之間翻了兩番，國民收入在物價不變的基礎上增加了58%。The output of essential industrial products increased by several or even a dozen times.
主要工業產品的產量增加了幾倍甚至10倍之多。Large-scale agricultural capital construction and technical transformation got underway.
大規模的農業基礎建設和技術改造也在不斷進行。Unfortunately, the “cultural revolution”，which lasted for ten years (1966—1976), made the state and its people suffer the most serious setbacks and losses since its founding.
不幸的是，1966到1976年持續了10年之久的“文化大革命”使國家和人民遭受了自成立以來最嚴重的挫折和損失。The Jiang Qing counter-revolutionary clique was smashed in October 1976，marking the end of the “cultural revolution”，and the beginning of a new era in Chinese history.
1976年10月，江青反革命集團被粉碎，標誌着“文化大革命”的終結和中國歷史一個新時代的開始。The CPC reinstated Deng Xiaoping, previously general secretary of the CPC, to all the Party and governmental posts he had been dismissed from during the “cultural revolution”.
1979年，中國共產黨恢復了在“文化大革命”中被打倒的前中共中央總書記鄧小平一切黨政職務。In 1979, China instituted a guiding policy of “reform and opening to the outside world” under Deng’s leadership, and the focus was shifted to modernization.
在其領導下，國家制定了“改革開放”的基本國策，重心轉向現代化建設。Major efforts were made to reform the economic and political systems.
他還着力推動經濟和政治制度改革。China was step by step establishing a road with Chinese characteristics, a road that would lead to socialist modernization.
中國逐步走上了通往現代化的中國特色社會主義道路。Profound changes have come about in China since the country embarked on the policy of reform and opening-up characterized by a vigorously advancing economy and markedly improved living standard.
自“改革開放”以來，中國發生了深遠的變化，國民經濟和人民生活水平顯著提高。Jiang Zemin became general secretary of the CPC Central Committee in 1989 and head of the state in 1993.
1989年，江澤民成爲中央委員會總書記，於1993擔任國家主席。Succeeding him, Hu Jintao took the position of general secretary of the CPC Central Committee in 2002 and president of the state in 2003.
胡錦濤於2002年繼任中央委員會總書記，2003年擔任國家主席。
