詞彙精選：rough的用法和辨析
一、詳細釋義：
adj.
粗糙的；未經加工的
例句：
He took some nails and bits of wood, and built them into a rough cupboard.
他拿來一些釘子和木頭，製作了一隻粗糙的碗櫥。
例句：
His hands were rough and calloused, from years of karate practice.
由於多年練習空手道，他的雙手粗糙不平，佈滿老繭。
粗野的，粗魯的；狂暴的，洶涌的
例句：
Some girls disapprove of rough games.
有些女孩子不喜歡粗野的遊戲。
例句：
They have complained of discrimination and occasional rough treatment.
他們抗議遭受歧視，而且偶爾還會遭到粗暴的對待。
粗略的
例句：
We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required.
我們只能對所需燃料作一個粗略的估計。
例句：
As a rough guide, a horse needs 2.5 per cent of his body weight in food every day.
作爲一個大致的參照，一匹馬每天需要吃相當於其體重2.5％的食物。
艱苦的
例句：
We treckked through the jungle and had to live rough for ten days before we returned to camp.
我們在叢林中艱苦跋涉，在回到營地前的10天裏，得在極不舒服的困難條件下生活。
例句：
Tomorrow, he knew, would be a rough day.
他知道明天將會是艱難的一天。
adv.
粗暴地
例句：
Do not treat a naughty child rough.
不要粗暴地對待頑皮的孩子。
艱苦地
例句：
Even when he's about to fly off with his family to live rough in the Masai Mara for a week, for Laurence, it's all about focus.
即使是在他要跟家人一起飛赴馬賽瑪拉過上一週的艱苦生活時，對於勞倫斯來說，這一切都與專注有關。
例句：
The children here enjoy camping and living rough but I'm getting a little too old for such a hard life.
這兒的孩子們以野營和艱苦的生活爲樂，不過，我年歲已高，過不了這種艱苦的生活了。
n.
高低不平的地面
例句：
The car bumped along the rough.
汽車在高低不平的路上顛簸而行。
例句：
Grace made her way slowly across the rough.
格雷斯緩慢地走過高低不平的地面。
艱苦，艱難，苦難
例句：
T-Mac has had a rough go of it the last couple years because of injuries and was definitely one of the league’s premier players when healthy.
在過去的2年中，曾經聯盟最好球員之一的T-MAC因爲傷病過得相當的艱苦。
未經加工的材料；粗糙的部分
例句：
In fact, you’re like a diamond in the rough.
事實上，你像一顆未經加工的寶石。
v.
使粗糙 [T]
例句：
This kind of cloth is easily roughed.
這種布容易起毛。
例句：
Satin is very easily roughed.
緞子是很容易起毛的。
粗暴對待；舉止粗野 [I,T]
例句：
David Welsh was roughed up and maced after his arrest.
戴維·威爾士被捕之後，既遭到拷打，又被施以梅斯毒氣。
例句：
He was roughed up and his glasses knocked off.
他受到粗暴的待遇，眼鏡也給打掉了。
草擬 [T]
例句：
The sculptor roughed out the form his statue should take.
雕刻師製出了雕像的毛坯。
例句：
He roughed out some ideas for the new buildings.
他爲新建築物提出了一些初步設想。
二、詞義辨析：
hoarse,harsh,rough
這些形容詞均有“嘶啞的，沙啞的”之意。hoarse指嘶啞刺耳的聲音，通常因高聲喊叫後嗓子失音所致。harsh一般多指刺耳難聽的聲音。rough指粗啞難聽的聲音。
三、詞義辨析：
rude,coarse,harsh,rough
這組詞的共同意思是“粗魯的”“粗糙的”。其區別在於：rough 強調言行是粗魯的。rude 強調其源於教育差、文化低。coarse 則強調由於粗魯而引起的厭惡心理。harsh 側重於指給人以感官上的粗糙、不和諧的感覺。
四、相關短語：
rough in
草擬,畫出…的草圖
rough out
草擬,粗製,畫…的草圖
rough up
粗暴對待,毆打,攻擊,傷害
rough drawing
草圖略圖
rough fish
雜魚
一、參考例句：
Her skin felt rough.
她的皮膚摸上去粗糙。
Does the orange feel rough?
橘子摸起來粗糙嗎？
The rough road made the car vibrate.
崎嶇不平的道路使車顛簸得很厲害。
The ship wallowed in the rough sea.
船在洶涌的海上顛簸。
Many people consider boxing a rough sport.
許多人認爲拳擊是一項粗野的運動。
Some girls disapprove of rough games.
有些女孩子不喜歡粗野的遊戲。
The rough waves rolled the ship along.
洶涌的波濤使船左右搖晃着。
The rough sketch has been blocked in.
略圖已擬就。
The ship labored through the rough seas.
船在波濤洶涌的海上費力前行。
Her hands were rough from hard work.
