哪些是主謂一致的特殊情況
我們知道,中英文的差異之一,就是英文中句子的謂語動詞必須隨着主語的變化而變化,即所謂的“主謂一致”。它是指主語和謂語動詞之間在“人稱”和“數”的方面的一致關係。
很多人遇到主謂一致,就“犯糊塗”,一動筆做題,就出問題。究其原因,在於沒有真正理解這種主謂關係。
那麼,哪些情況是主謂一致的特殊情況呢??
主謂一致的特殊有以下幾種:
1)population表示“人口”,一個國家或地區的居民數目,它作主語時謂語動詞要用單數形式。 當它前面有分數或百分數時,population是指一個國家或地區的全體居民,謂語動詞用複數形式。
The population of Canada is about 29 million. About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants.
2)集合名詞作主語,如果表示整體概念,謂語動詞用單數形式;如表示成員則用複數。常見的這部分名詞有:army,audience,class,club,committee,company,crowd,family,group,government,organization,party,team等。
Our football team is playing well. Our football team are having baths and are then coming back here for supper.
3)a number of/a variety of/varieties of+可數名詞複數; “the majority of+複數名詞” 作主語時,謂語動詞用複數形式 the number of(表數目)和the variety of(表種類)等+可數名詞 作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。
A number of new houses have been built there. There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop. The number of the people who know the secret is very limited.
4) “a large amount of+不可數名詞”作主語,謂語用單數
“large amounts of+不可數名詞”作主語,謂語用複數
“a large quantity of+不可數名詞”作主語,謂語用單數
“a large quantity of+複數名詞”作主語,謂語常用複數
“large quantities of+不可數名詞/複數名詞”作主語,謂語用複數
“a good/great deal of+不可數名詞”作主語,謂語用單數
A large amount of clean water is wasted every day.
Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market.
“a total of+複數名詞”作主語與複數動詞連用,意思是“總共有……”
“the total of+複數名詞”作主語與單數動詞連用,意思是“……的總數”。
4) 單複數同形的名詞作主語,要根據上下文的意義以及修飾這些詞的詞來確定其謂語形式。
常見的這部分名詞有aircraft,crossroads,deer,fish,headquarters。means,series,sheep,species,works等。如: The crossroads is/are dangerous.
5)當主語後面跟有with,together with,along with,accompanied by,like,in addition to,as well as,as much as,more than,rather than,no less than,except,but,besides,including等連接的詞組時,其謂語動詞的單複數不受這些詞語的影響。
6)the + adj./ v-ed 表示某類人作主語時,謂語動詞用複數形式 the + adj. 表示某類事物或表示某一類抽象概念作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。
The poor live a hard life.
7) there be結構中的主謂一致關係,謂語動詞通常和最鄰近的那個主語一致。
There are four chairs and a table in the room.
8) “a/an+單數名詞+or two”作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。如:
“one or two+複數名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞用複數。
如: A student or two has failed the exam.一兩個學生考試不及格。
One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon.昨天下午有一兩個學生在植樹。
9)在主語和謂語倒裝的句子中,動詞的數應和它後面的主語的數一致。
On the wall are some famous paintings.
10)在“It + be+被強調部分+that/who...”結構中,be用單數形式is或was,如被強調部分是主語,that/who後的謂語與被強調部分的人稱、數保持一致。
It is I who am a student.
It is they who have worked there for five years.
好了,以上就是關於主謂一致的特殊情況,同學們一定要認真對待,只是記住知識點是不夠的,還需要做大量的練習,來幫助自己熟練掌握這些知識。