中國資本在美創造的就業崗位快速增長
Chinese investments now support about 80,000 full-time jobs in the US, a fivefold increase in the past five years and an apparent reversal following decades of American complaints over manufacturing jobs being outsourced to China.
來自中國的投資目前在美國創造了約8萬個全職工作崗位，比5年前增加了4倍。這一增長勢頭，似乎應該讓美國人無法再發出此前數十年的抱怨：美國的製造業崗位被外包給了中國。Chinese companies have invested $46bn in the US since 2000, most of it in the past five years, according to a study this week by US research company Rhodium Group, sponsored by the National Committee on US-China Relations.
根據美國研究公司榮鼎諮詢(Rhodium Group)本週發佈的一份研究報告，2000年以來，中國企業已在美國投資460億美元，其中多數投資都發生在過去5年。榮鼎諮詢這項研究，得到了美中關係全國委員會(National Committee on US-China Relations)的支持。
The study predicts Chinese investment in the US could increase to between $100bn and $200bn by 2020, creating 200,000-400,000 jobs.
該研究報告預計，截至2020年，中國對美投資或將增至1000億美元到2000億美元之間，創造20萬到40萬個就業崗位。
Chinese investment has been controversial in some sectors, including those with potential military applications, and many US politicians have warned that Chinese investors would take advantage of far cheaper labour in China and transfer jobs back there.
中國的投資在部分產業始終存在爭議——其中包括那些有潛在軍事用途的產業。此外，許多美國政界人士警告說，中國投資者還會利用中國廉價得多的勞動力，將就業崗位轉移回中國國內。But the report found many investments saved target companies from bankruptcy, most acquisitions led to expansion and examples of downsizing were rare.
然而，這份報告卻發現，來自中國的投資令許多美國目標企業免於破產，多數收購案令目標企業的業務出現了擴張，業務規模減小的例子十分罕見。It also found a significant acceleration in Chinese investments in US manufacturing and service sector projects in the past 18 months.
該報告還發現，過去18個月，中國對美國製造業和服務業項目的投資出現了顯著加速。“While [80,000 jobs] is still modest compared with the total number of jobs provided by foreign firms, it is significant growth from less than 15,000 jobs five years ago,” the report said. “Fears that Chinese acquirers could systematically move acquired assets and related jobs back to China have not materialised.”
該報告表示：“雖然與外國企業創造的工作崗位總數相比，（8萬個崗位）仍然較少，但是相對5年前不到1.5萬個就業崗位來說，已經是顯著增長了。人們對中國收購方會系統性地將所收購資產及相關崗位轉移回中國的擔憂，並未成爲現實。”The study provided a detailed analysis of Chinese investment by congressional district and found Chinese investors had established nearly 1,600 businesses across the country by the end of last year.
該研究報告按照國會選區，對來自中國的投資開展了細節性分析，發現截至去年底中國投資者已在美國全國成立了近1600家企業。By state, the biggest recipients of Chinese investment were California, Texas, Illinois, New York and North Carolina, where Chinese investment accounted for 15,000 jobs.
以各州來看，獲得中國投資最多的州是加利福尼亞州、德克薩斯州、伊利諾伊州、紐約州和北卡羅來納州，中國的投資在這些州創造了1.5萬個工作崗位。North Carolina is home to Smithfield Foods, which was bought in 2013 by Chinese meat producer Shuanghui Group, and the state also serves as a US base for Beijing-headquartered computer group Lenovo, which bought IBM’s personal computer business in 2005.
北卡羅來納州是史密斯菲爾德食品公司(Smithfield Foods)的所在地，該公司於2013年被中國肉製品生產商雙彙集團(Shuanghui Group)收購。此外，該州還是總部駐北京的計算機集團聯想公司(Lenovo)在美國的基地。2005年，聯想收購了IBM的個人電腦(PC)部門。The current level of Chinese direct investment in the US is roughly on a par with that of Japanese companies in the 1980s, the report says.
報告表示，中國目前對美國直接投資的水平，大致與上世紀80年代日本企業對美投資相等。When Japan faced rising opposition to its imports and investment it ordered its giant car companies to localise production in the US in order to create jobs and neutralise political opposition to soaring Japanese imports.
當日本商品和投資當年在美國面對日益激烈的抵制時，日本曾要求其車企巨頭將生產活動留在美國本地，以創造就業崗位，緩和政治壓力。Some influential voices are calling for greater Chinese investment in the US economy.
一些影響力人物也在呼籲中國加大對美國的投資。In an article in the June edition of The Atlantic magazine, former US Treasury Secretaries Henry Paulson and Robert Rubin argue that Chinese investment in America’s creaking infrastructure should be welcomed and facilitated.
在今年6月《大西洋月刊》(The Atlantic)刊登的一篇文章中，美國前財長亨利保爾森(Henry Paulson)及羅伯特脠賓(Robert Rubin)聲稱，美國應歡迎並協助中國投資於前者破敗的基礎設施。
