中英雙語話歷史 第62期:隋朝的成就

Sui Dynasty was a transitional dynasty. During the Emperor Wen and the Emperor Yang’s earlier governing period, China's politics, economy, military, culture and so on had consolidated and developed.

隋朝是承前啓後的一個朝代，在文帝統治時期和煬帝統治初期，中國的政治、經濟、軍事、文化等各方面均有所鞏固和發展。

First, in the political aspect，Sui readjusted the relation between the central and local government，restored old systems such as three minister, three vice minister and the system of nine-rank. And the Sui Dynasty established three provinces and departments , strengthened the centralization of central authorities.

首先在政治方面，隋 朝調整了中央與地方的統治機構，恢復了被廢除多年的三師、三公、九卿的舊制，確立了三省六部新制，增強了中央集權統治。

The social system had stabilized by makinguThe Sui law.

通過制定《隋律》穩定了社會秩序。

Moreover, the government began to use imperial examination which offered a way to Chinese feudalistic society selecting talented persons.

另外，開設了科舉制度，爲以後中國封建社會人才選拔方式提供了一個藍本。

In the economy, Emperor Wen ordered to restructure household register, check population, promote land equalization system and adjust to endow services.

在經濟方面，文帝下令整頓戶籍，清查人口，繼而推行均田制，調整賦役。

In addition, because of many years of battle before the Sui Dynasty, there were no standardized monetary system, weights and measures, these greatly influenced market merchandise of trade and circulation.

另外，由於隋朝以前連年的戰亂，各朝沒有統一的幣制和度量衡，這極大的影響了市場商品的交易與流通。

Therefore, after the establishment of Sui Dynasty it forbid to use old money, and unified the <4five-z/m coins that conforms to specifications and strictly punished those who privately produced mint coins.

因而，隋朝建立以後首先宣佈禁用舊錢，統一發行合乎規格的“五銖錢”，嚴懲私鑄錢幣。

In the meantime, it also regulated the standard of the copper and iron ruler nationally.

同時，還規定了標準的銅鬥鐵尺，頒行全國。

In this way, it created a good condition for the sustainable and steady development of economy.

這樣以來，爲經濟持續穩定地增長創造了良好條件。

The excavating of <4the Grand Canar, is worth mentioning for it played an important role in the South and the North economy.

值得一提的是大運河的開鑿，對南北經濟的交流起了很大作用。

On the fourth years of KaiHuang (584), the government built "Guang Tong Dike” to lead Wei water to Tongguan for the sake of the instauration agricultural production and expanding canal transport capacity.

爲了恢復農業生產和加強漕運力量，於開皇四年(584)開“廣通渠”引渭水直達潼關。

On the first year of DaYe(605), Emperor Yang ordered to construct “The Grand Canal” which goes through south to north.

大業元年 (605 )，隋煬帝下令開通一條貫通南北的大運河。

It is about 4 000 ~ 5 000 Li , which is divided into 4 parts, namely the Yongji Channel, Tongji Channel, Han Channel and Jiangnan Channel，with LuoYang as the center. It became the main watercourse between the south and the north with reaching ZhuoJun county in the northeast and Yuhang in the southeast as its ends.

大運河分永濟渠、通濟渠、邗溝和江南河四段，全長四五千裏，以東都洛陽爲中心,東北通到涿郡，東南到餘杭，成爲南北交通的大動脈。

Along with the development of social production, natural science and liberal art the Sui Dynasty also made a substantial progress, such as astronomer Liu Zhuo published his “The Greatest Almanac”. He computed the year age only had a minor deviation from that of modern compute.

隨着社會生產的發展，隋朝的自然科學與人文藝術也有了長足的進步。如著名的天文學家劉焯制訂了“皇極曆”，他計算的歲差與現代計算出的準確值相差無幾。

The greatest achievement on the construct engineering was Anji Bridge in Zhao county of Hebei province.

而在工程建築方面，最突出的成就莫過於河北趙縣安濟橋的興建。

The bridge designed by Li Chun was regarded as the earliest bridge in the world.

這座由李春設計的石橋被公認爲世界上最早的一座“空撞券橋”。

The painting, music, dancing in the Sui Dynasty sprang out and a number of outstanding artists emerged, such as painter, Zhan Ziqian and his picture M You Chun Tu M(The picture of outing in Spring).

隋代的繪畫、音樂、舞蹈等 各方面也涌現出一大批傑出的代表人物，如畫家展子虔和他的《遊春圖》等。

In less than thirty years, the Sui Dynasty recovered the relationships with outside world, which were broken by the separation and disunity of the warlords and army commands in the Five Dynasties. The trading through “Silk Road ” promoted China and the West communication mutually. In East Asia ambassadors from Xin-luo, Baiji and Japan visited the Sui Dynasty frequently. In particular, a number of Japanese monks and students came to study. Emperor Yang Sent Pei Ju to the west to invite merchants from different places to visit and trade in China. Emissaries were also sent to countries such as Zhenia and Chitu in Southeast Asia. China’s status and influence in Asia improved a lot during the Sui Dynasty . These made a great foundation to the Tang Dynasty.

在短短三十幾年中，隋王朝恢復了幾個世紀以來因割據紛亂幾乎中斷的對外關係。通過“絲綢之路”的商業往來，促進了中國與西亞的相互交流;在東亞，隋與 新羅、百濟、日本的使者來往頻繁，特別是日本有不少的僧人、學生到中國來學習；隋煬帝派裴矩到西域，招引各地商人來參觀貿易，還派使者遠至東南亞真臘、赤土 等國，使隋代中國在亞洲的地位和影響力都得到增強，爲後世盛唐打下了一定的基礎。

Along with the improvement of the foreign relations and the development of the exchanges，the geography also had a great development.

隨着對外關係的改善和交流的發展，當時的地理學也有了較大的發展。

Emperor Yang ordered to write a book called “Qu 丫u Tu Zhi” Atlas of the Sui Dynasty embracing 1200 volumes. This graphic book compliedboth in pictures and articles and occupied high status in graphic development.

煬帝下令撰寫的《區宇圖志》共1200卷，是一部圖文並茂的全國地理專著，在中國地理學發展史上佔有相當重要的地位。

There are some similarities between the Sui Dynasty and the Qin in Chinese history.

在中國歷史上，隋朝與秦朝相比，有許多相似之處。

Firstly, they all united China by their strong force and then accomplished a series of reforms，which facilitaed the development of economy.

首先，隋與秦都是憑藉強 大的武力統一分裂多年的中國，而緊接着完成一系列改革，使經濟得以發展。

At the same time， they taxed their people so much so that rendered them to resist. As a result, the authority finally collapsed and their regimes died out.

與此同時，又對人民大施徭役，致使民不聊生，終於使政權毀於一旦，短命而亡。

On the other hand，owing to the accumulation of country^ great resources and wealth, it made a great contribution to the following dynasty, therefore led the followers to their prime time of.

然而，也正是憑藉此時國家對物資財富豐盈的積累，爲後世的發展創造了良好的物質條件。從而帶來了隋之後，中華民族引以爲驕傲的盛唐文化。