世紀文學經典:《百年孤獨》第3章Part 1

PILAR TERNERA'S son was brought to his grand parents' house two weeks after he was born. úrsula admitted him grudgingly, conquered once more by the obstinacy of her husband, who could not tolerate the idea that an offshoot of his blood should be adrift, but he imposed the condition that the child should never know his true identity. Although he was given the name José Arcadio, they ended up calling him simply Arcadio so as to avoid confusion. At that time there was so much activity in the town and so much bustle in the house that the care of the children was relegated to a secondary level. They were put in the care of Visitación, a Guajiro Indian woman who had arrived in town with a brother in flight from a plague of insomnia that had been scourging their tribe for several years. They were both so docile and willing to help that úrsula took them on to help her with her household chores. That was how Arcadio and Amaranta came to speak the Guajiro language before Spanish, and they learned to drink lizard broth and eat spider eggs without úrsula's knowing it, for she was too busy with a promising business in candy animals. Macondo had changed. The people who had come with úrsula spread the news of the good quality of its soil and its privileged position with respect to the swamp, so that from the narrow village of past times it changed into an active town with stores and workshops and a permanent commercial route over which the first Arabs arrived with their baggy pants and rings in their ears, swapping glass beads for macaws. José Arcadio Buendía did not have a moment's rest. Fascinated by an immediate reality that came to be more fantastic than the vast universe of his imagination, he lost all interest in the alchemist's laboratory, put to rest the material that had become attenuated with months of manipulation, and went back to being the enterprising man of earlier days when he had decided upon the layout of the streets and the location of the new houses so that no one would enjoy privileges that everyonedid not have. He acquired such authority among the new arrivals that foundations were not laid or walls built without his being consulted, and it was decided that he should be the one in charge of the distribution of the land. When the acrobat gypsies returned, with their vagabond carnival transformed now into a gigantic organization of games of luck and chance, they were received with great joy, for it was thought that José Arcadio would be coming back with them. But José Arcadio did not return, nor did they come with the snakeman, who, according to what úrsula thought, was the only one who could tell them about their son, so the gypsies were not allowed to camp in town or set foot in it in the future, for they were considered the bearers of concupiscence and perversion. José Arcadio Buendía, however, was explicit in maintaining that the old tribe of Melquíades, who had contributed so much to the growth of the village with his ageold wisdom and his fabulous inventions, would always find the gates Melquíades' tribe, according to what the wanderers said, had been wiped off the face of the earth because they had gone beyond the limits of human knowledge.
Emancipated for the moment at least from the torment of fantasy, José Arcadio Buendía in a short time set up a system of order and work which allowed for only one bit of license: the freeing of the birds, which, since the time of the founding, had made time merry with their flutes, and installing in their place musical clocks in every house. They were wondrous clocks made of carved wood, which the Arabs had traded for macaws and which José Arcadio Buendía had synchronized with such precision that every half hour the town grew merry with the progressive chords of the same song until it reached the climax of a noontime that was as exact and unanimous as a complete waltz. It was also José Arcadio Buendía who decided during those years that they should plant almond trees instead of acacias on the streets, and who discovered, without ever revealing it, a way to make them live forever. Many years later, when Macondo was a field of wooden houses with zinc roofs, the broken and dusty almond trees still stood onthe oldest streets, although no one knew who had planted them. While his father was putting the town in order and his mother was increasing their wealth with her marvelous business of candied little roosters and fish, which left the house twice a day strung along sticks of balsa wood, Aureliano spent interminable hours in the abandoned laboratory, learning the art of silverwork by his own experimentation. He had shot up so fast that in a short time the clothing left behind by his brother no longer fit him and he began to wear his father's, but Visitación had to sew pleats in the shirt and darts in the pants, because Aureliano had not sequined the corpulence of the others. Adolescence had taken away the softness of his voice and had made him silent and definitely solitary, but, on the other hand, it had restored the intense expression that he had had in his eyes when he was born. He concentrated so much on his experiments in silverwork that he scarcely left the laboratory to eat. Worried ever his inner withdrawal, José Arcadio Buendía gave him the keys to the house and a little money, thinking that perhaps he needed a woman. But Aureliano spent the money on muriatic acid to prepare some aqua regia and he beautified the keys by plating them with gold. His excesses were hardly comparable to those of Arcadio and Amaranta, who had already begun to get their second teeth and still went about all day clutching at the Indians' cloaks, stubborn in their decision not to speak Spanish but the Guajiro language. "You shouldn't complain." úrsula told her husband. "Children inherit their parents' madness." And as she was lamenting her misfortune, convinced that the wild behavior of her children was something as fearful as a pig's tail, Aureliano gave her a look that wrapped her in an atmosphere of uncertainty.

皮拉·苔列娜的兒子出世以後兩個星期，祖父和祖母把他接到了家裏。烏蘇娜是勉強收留這小孩兒的，因爲她又沒拗過丈大的固執脾氣；想讓布恩蒂亞家的後代聽天由命，是他不能容忍的。但她提出了個條件：決不讓孩子知道自己的真正出身。孩子也取名霍·阿卡蒂奧，可是爲了避免混淆不清，大家漸漸地只管他叫阿卡蒂奧了。這時，馬孔多事業興旺，布恩蒂亞家中一片忙碌，孩子們的照顧就降到了次要地位，負責照拂他們的是古阿吉洛部族的一個印第安女人，她是和弟弟一塊兒來到馬孔多的，藉以逃避他們家鄉已經猖獗幾年的致命傳染病——失眠症。姐弟倆都是馴良、勤勞的人，烏蘇娜僱用他們幫她做些家務。所以，阿卡蒂奧和阿瑪蘭塔首先說的是古阿吉洛語，然後才說西班牙語，而且學會喝晰蜴湯、吃蜘蛛蛋，可是烏蘇娜根本沒有發現這一點，因她製作獲利不小的糖鳥糖獸太忙了。馬孔多完全改變了面貌。烏蘇娜帶到這兒來的那些人，到處宣揚馬孔多地理位置很好、周圍土地肥沃，以致這個小小的村莊很快變戍了一個熱鬧的市鎮，開設了商店和手工業作坊，修築了永久的商道，第一批阿拉伯人沿着這條道路來到了這兒，他們穿着寬大的褲子，戴着耳環，用玻璃珠項鍊交換鸚鵡。霍·阿·布恩蒂亞沒有一分鐘的休息。他對周圍的現實生活入了迷，覺得這種生活比他想象的大於世界奇妙得多，於是失去了對鍊金試驗的任何興趣，把月復一月變來變去的東西擱在一邊，重新成了一個有事業心的、精力充沛的人了，從前，在哪兒鋪設街道，在哪兒建築新的房舍，都是由他決定的，他不讓任何人享有別人沒有的特權。新來的居民也十分尊敬他，甚至請他劃分土地。沒有徵得他的同意，就不放下一塊基石，也不砌上一道牆垣。玩雜技的吉卜賽人回來的時候，他們的活動遊藝場現在變成了一個大賭場，受到熱烈的歡迎。因爲大家都希望霍·阿卡蒂奧也跟他們一塊兒回來。但是霍·阿卡蒂奧並沒有回來，那個“蛇人”也沒有跟他們在一起，照烏蘇娜看來，那個“蛇人是唯”一知道能在哪兒找到她的兒子的；因此，他們不讓吉卜賽人在馬孔多停留，甚至不准他們以後再來這兒：現在他們已經認爲吉卜賽人是貪婪佚的化身了。然而霍·阿·布恩蒂亞卻認爲，古老的梅爾加德斯部族用它多年的知識和奇異的發明大大促進了馬孔多的發展，這裏的人永遠都會張開雙臂歡迎他們。可是，照流浪漢們的說法，梅爾加德斯部族已從地面上消失了，因爲他們竟敢超越人類知識的限度。
霍·阿·布恩蒂亞至少暫時擺脫了幻想的折磨以後，在短時期內就有條不紊地整頓好了全鎮的勞動生活；平靜的空氣是霍·阿·布恩蒂亞有一次自己破壞的，當時他放走了馬孔多建立之初用響亮的叫聲報告時刻的鳥兒，而給每一座房子安了一個音樂鍾。這些雕木作成的漂亮的鐘，是用鸚鵡向阿拉伯人換來的，霍·阿·布恩蒂亞把它們撥得挺準，每過半小時，它們就奏出同一支華爾茲舞曲的幾節曲於讓全鎮高興一次，——每一次都是幾節新的曲於，到了晌午時分，所有的鐘一齊奏出整支華爾茲舞曲，一點幾也不走調。在街上栽種杏樹，代替槐樹，也是霍·阿·布恩蒂亞的主意，而且他還發明瞭一種使這些杏樹永遠活着的辦法（這個辦法他至死沒有透露）。過了多年，馬孔多建築了一座座鋅頂木房的時候，在它最老的街道上仍然挺立着一棵棵杏樹，樹枝折斷，佈滿塵埃，但誰也記不得這些樹是什麼人栽的了。父親大力整頓這個市鎮，母親卻在振興家業，製作美妙的糖公雞和糖魚，把它們插在巴里薩木棍兒上，每天兩次拿到街上去賣，這時，奧雷連諾卻在荒棄的試驗室裏度過漫長的時刻，孜孜不倦地掌握首飾技術。他已經長得挺高，哥哥留下的衣服很快不合他的身材了，他就改穿父親的衣服，誠然，維希塔香不得不替他把襯衫和褲子改窄一些，因爲奧雷連諾比父親和哥哥都瘦。進入少年時期，他的嗓音粗了，他也變得沉默寡言、異常孤僻，但是他的眼睛又經常露出緊張的神色，這種神色在他出生的那一天是使他母親吃了一驚的。奧雷連諾聚精會神地從事首飾工作，除了吃飯，幾乎不到試驗室外面去。霍·阿·布恩蒂亞對他的孤僻感到不安，就把房門的鑰匙和一點兒錢給了他，以爲兒子可能需要出去找找女人。奧雷連諾卻拿錢買了鹽酸，製成了王水，給鑰匙鍍了金。可是，奧雷連諾的古怪比不上阿卡蒂奧和阿瑪蘭塔的古怪。——這兩個小傢伙的乳齒開始脫落，仍然成天跟在印第安人腳邊，揪住他們的衣服下襬，硬要說古阿吉洛語，不說西班牙語。“你怨不了別人，”烏蘇娜向大夫說。“孩子的狂勁兒是父母遺傳的，”他認爲後代的怪誕習慣一點也不比豬尾巴好，就開始抱怨自己倒黴的命運，可是有一次奧色連諾突然拿眼睛盯着她，把她弄得手足無措起來。