手把手教你如何權衡員工福利

Outside of starting salaries, corporate cultures, and other work.perks; employee benefits are something that all professionals must take into careful consideration when conducting a job search. Because there are so many different types of benefit plans, such as medical, life, retirement, and voluntary products out there, it can be difficult to put the total compensation offered by an employer into perspective.

除了起薪、企業文化和其他工作津貼之外，員工福利是所有職業人士在進行求職時都要認真考慮的事項。因爲福利計劃有許多不同的形式，裏面包括醫療保險，生活補貼，退休計劃，自願購買產品等等，所以很難準確算出僱主提供的全部薪酬。

This is why it’s important to carefully evaluate the competitive employee benefits package and understand how they can best help you reach your personal health and financial needs.

這就是爲什麼要仔細評估有競爭性的員工福利待遇，並且弄清楚如何選擇纔會對你的個人健康和財務需求更有益。

As you traverse a job search, here are the most common elements that employee benefit plans include:

當你找到工作時，員工福利計劃裏最常見的有以下幾項：

When considering the benefits offered by a new employer, think about the monthly or pay period costs that you will be responsible for and what the employer agrees to cover. Even if the premiums are deducted from your paycheck pre-tax, this can impact your annual salary and take home pay. Be sure that you understand how much of a cut this will be.

在考慮新老闆提供的好處時，你要考慮你每月或每期要付的費用以及僱主同意的費用。即使保險費是從你的工資稅前扣除，這仍然會影響你的年薪和實際所得的薪水。所以，請你確保自己清楚這些要扣多少錢。

You’ll also want to note the annual out of pocket deductible, which could be as high as $10K per person for a high deductible health care plan, until you know how much your insurance will actually pay medical costs. You will want to know when coverage dates start, when they end upon resignation, and if there are any penalties of waiting until the annual open enrollment period instead of upon hire.

你還要注意每年的自付額，弄清楚你的保險費實際支付的醫療費用是多少，因爲醫保方案裏每人最高可能扣除高達1萬美元。您要弄明白保險什麼時候開始生效，辭職後什麼時候結束，直到年度開放申請加入期間爲止（不是工作後），是否會有任何延遲的罰金。

If you have medical coverage currently, you may want to see if the job offer comes with a better plan or if you are better off waiting to utilize your annual out of pocket deductible this year. This can be especially important if you anticipate an expensive medical procedure coming up or the birth of a child.

如果你目前有醫療保險，你可能會希望這份工作機還會有更好的計劃，否則你今年最好等着利用你每年的自付額。如果你預期會有昂貴的醫療程序或孩子出生，這一點對你來說就十分的重要。

Each medical and voluntary plan will have its own special set of coverage and usage rules. There are also many different plan types, such as Health Maintenance Organizations and Preferred Provider Options. You may be able to use the same doctors and health care centers you have now if they are in network. But if they aren’t, you may be asked to choose a new primary care provider and switch to a new health care network.

每個醫療和自願計劃都有自己的特別設定範圍和使用規則。有許多不同的計劃類型，如健康維護組織和提供醫療保健的組織。如果是在網絡裏，你遇到的可能會是同一個醫生，或是同一個保健中心。但如果他們不是，你可能會被要求選擇一個新的基礎醫療機構，並更換進一個新的醫療保健網絡。

Keep in mind that some plans may be limited in the types of services offered, such as routine care vs. mental health care. Some plans offer free preventative care to cover things like mammograms, flu shots, and more. Not all plans include access to discounted prescription benefits. Before you accept these benefits, consult with the human resource director to get more information on plan limitations, and rules.

記住，有些計劃可能會僅限於提供的服務類型，例如日常護理與精神保健。有些計劃提供免費的預防性護理，像乳房X線照片，流感疫苗等等。不是所有的計劃都能有獲得優惠處方的福利。在接受這些福利前，請你諮詢人力資源總監以獲取有關計劃限制和規則的更多信息。

When deciding on taking a job or not, understanding if the company offers any kind of financial planning benefits like a retirement savings plan, stock investments, disability insurance, and other forms of financial protection. Some companies match employee donations dollar-for-dollar (free money!), while others put a portion of the company earnings into a special account for each employee.

不管你決定要不要接受這個工作，請你都要了解下公司是否提供各種財務規劃的好處，比如退休儲蓄計劃，股票投資，殘疾保險以及其他形式的財務保障等等。有些公司會給予員工同等金額的捐贈（免費資金！），而其他有些公司會將公司的一部分利潤納入每位員工的特別賬戶裏。

Consider the percentage requirements for retirement plans and if this is voluntary or a mandatory program. Some companies require that all employees participate in retirement savings plans, deducting as much as 5 percent of the gross salary each month to fund this. Also, in your job search, be mindful of how much the company matches contributions and what the cut-off is.

如果這是自願或強制性計劃，請考慮下退休計劃的百分比要求。一些公司要求所有員工參與退休儲蓄計劃，然後每月扣除薪資總額的5％來爲這筆款項提供資金。此外，在你求職時，請注意公司給的相應的報酬是多少以及臨界值是多少。

Most companies want to maintain a healthy and happy workforce, so outside of regular medical benefits, they will offer additional perks such as generous paid time off policies. This is something you should look at to see if you have to wait to use this benefit or if the paid days off are immediately available to you. Consider also if you will have any special needs for time off this year, such as a pre-scheduled vacation or taking a maternity leave, before accepting a job offer.

大多數公司都想保持健康快樂的員工隊伍，所以除了正常的醫療福利外，他們還會提供額外的津貼，如慷慨的帶薪休假政策。這是你應該去了解的，看看你是否正需要用這個好處，或者你是否能享受到帶薪假。在接受工作之前，你還要考慮到，今年是否有任何特別的需要，例如預先安排的假期或產假之類的。

A word to the wise — be sure to measure any benefits offered by a potential new company against those offered by your spouse’s plan. You may be better off switching over to that plan due to costs or coverage benefits.

給一點忠告：你一定要衡量一個潛在新公司提供給你的諸多福利和你配偶的福利計劃。受成本或保險範圍的影響，你最好變換到某個計劃。

聲明：本雙語文章的中文翻譯系滬江英語原創內容，轉載請註明出處。中文翻譯僅代表譯者個人觀點，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。