川普上臺後面臨的經濟挑戰
If President-elect Donald Trump tries to keep some of his signature campaign promises, such as restoring U.S. manufacturing jobs and repairing the country's deteriorating infrastructure, he is likely to encounter a variety of conflicting forces and political priorities that will weigh heavily on his management of the economy, the world's largest.
Trump faces a daunting task to fulfill his campaign vow to restore U.S. industrial jobs lost to automation and overseas sites, where corporations pay workers far less than they do in the United States. At the same time, his promise to initiate a trillion-dollar plan to repair the country's deteriorating roads, bridges and other infrastructure already is running into headwinds in the Republican-controlled Congress.
While he is seeking to boost the economic fortunes of the blue-collar workers with limited formal education whose votes helped send him to a four-year term in the White House, Janet Yellen, the chair of the country's independent central bank, said this week that the cornerstone of success for many Americans was getting a college education.
"Economists are not certain about many things," the Federal Reserve leader said. "But we are quite certain that a college diploma or an advanced degree is a key to economic success."
"Those with a college degree are more likely to find a job, keep a job, have higher job satisfaction and earn a higher salary," Yellen said. "The advantage in earnings is large. College grads' annual earnings last year were, on average, 70 percent higher than those with only a high school diploma. Back in 1980, the difference was only 20 percent. The gap in earnings is significant only a few years after graduation — almost $18,000 a year, according to some recent data. Beyond these advantages, research also shows that a college or graduate degree typically leads to a happier, healthier and longer life."
Trump, with $7 million in tax incentives, successfully kept a heating and air conditioning company from moving 800 factory jobs to Mexico, but the U.S. has lost 5 million manufacturing jobs since 2000. In an effort to reverse that trend, Trump said he would try to get Congress to impose a 35 percent tax on products made in other countries by companies that have left the U.S. and then try to send them back across the border. That, however, could ignite an international trade President-elect Donald Trump tries to keep some of his signature campaign promises, such as restoring U.S. manufacturing jobs and repairing the country's deteriorating infrastructure, he is likely to encounter a variety of conflicting forces and political priorities that will weigh heavily on his management of the economy, the world's largest.
如果候任總統唐納德·川普要兌現他在競選期間作出的主要承諾，比如恢復美國的製造業工作，修復破舊的基礎設施，那麼他可能會遇到各種相互衝突的力量和對他管理經濟能力有很大影響的相互矛盾的政治優先政策。
Trump faces a daunting task to fulfill his campaign vow to restore U.S. industrial jobs lost to automation and overseas sites, where corporations pay workers far less than they do in the United States. At the same time, his promise to initiate a trillion-dollar plan to repair the country's deteriorating roads, bridges and other infrastructure already is running into headwinds in the Republican-controlled Congress.
川普面臨的一個主要任務是兌現競選承諾，恢復美國因自動化和轉移海外所失去的工業行業的就業機會。在海外，企業付給工人的工資要遠遠低於在美國本土。同時，川普承諾要啓動一個總投入高達上萬億美元的改善破舊的公路、橋樑和其它基礎設施的計劃。這一計劃在共和黨控制的國會裏已經遇到阻力。
While he is seeking to boost the economic fortunes of the blue-collar workers with limited formal education whose votes helped send him to a four-year term in the White House, Janet Yellen, the chair of the country's independent central bank, said this week that the cornerstone of success for many Americans was getting a college education.
就在川普在尋求提高藍領工人的經濟收入的時候，美聯儲主席耶倫本週表示，許多美國人成功的關鍵是獲得大學文憑。川普競選成功主要得益於所受正規教育不多的藍領工人的支持。
"Economists are not certain about many things," the Federal Reserve leader said. "But we are quite certain that a college diploma or an advanced degree is a key to economic success."
這位央行行長說，“經濟學家們有許多事情沒有把握，但是我們非常肯定的是，大學文憑，或者高等教育的學位是經濟成功的關鍵。”
"Those with a college degree are more likely to find a job, keep a job, have higher job satisfaction and earn a higher salary," Yellen said. "The advantage in earnings is large. College grads' annual earnings last year were, on average, 70 percent higher than those with only a high school diploma. Back in 1980, the difference was only 20 percent. The gap in earnings is significant only a few years after graduation — almost $18,000 a year, according to some recent data. Beyond these advantages, research also shows that a college or graduate degree typically leads to a happier, healthier and longer life."
耶倫說，“那些擁有大學學位的人找到工作、保住工作、對工作感到滿意，以及獲得更高薪水的可能性更高一些。他們在工資上的優勢很大。去年本科畢業生的年薪，平均比只有高中文憑的人高出70%。1980年，這個差別只有20%。畢業幾年後，工資差別就拉開了。最近的一些數據顯示，這個差別大約爲一年1.8萬美元。除了這些優勢，研究還顯示，本科畢業生的生活通常也會更爲幸福、健康，活的也更長。”
Trump, with $7 million in tax incentives, successfully kept a heating and air conditioning company from moving 800 factory jobs to Mexico, but the U.S. has lost 5 million manufacturing jobs since 2000. In an effort to reverse that trend, Trump said he would try to get Congress to impose a 35 percent tax on products made in other countries by companies that have left the U.S. and then try to send them back across the border. That, however, could ignite an international trade war.
川普用七百萬美元的免稅優惠成功讓一家空調公司放棄了把八百萬個工作轉移到墨西哥的計劃。但是，從2000年以來，美國製造業失去了五百萬個工作。爲了扭轉這個勢頭，川普表示，他會盡力爭取國會對那些離開美國的公司把在海外生產的產品返銷美國時徵收35%的關稅。但是，這個做法可能會引起一場國際貿易戰。
