世紀文學經典:《百年孤獨》第11章Part 5

From that time on they did not speak to each other again. When circumstances demanded it they would send notes. In spite of the visible hostility of the family, Fernanda did not give up her drive to impose the customs of her ancestors. She put an end to the custom of eating in the kitchen and whenever anyone was hungry, and she imposed the obligation of doing it at regular hours at the large table in the dining room, covered with a linen cloth and with silver candlesticks and table service. The solemnity of an act which úrsula had considered the most simple one of daily life created a tense atmosphere against which the silent José Arca-dio Segun-do rebelled before anyone else. But the custom was imposed, the same as that of reciting the rosary before dinner, and it drew the attention of the neighbors, who soon spread the rumor that the Buendías did not sit down to the table like other mortals but had changed the act of eating into a kind of high mass. Even úrsula's superstitions, with origins that came more from an inspiration of the moment than from tradition, came into conflict with those of Fernanda, who had inherited them from her parents and kept them defined and catalogued for every occasion. As long as úrsula had full use of her faculties some of the old customs survived and the life of the family kept some quality of her impulsiveness, but when she lost her sight and the weight of her years relegated her to a corner, the circle of rigidity begun by Fernanda from the moment she arrived finally closed completely and no one but she determined the destiny of the family. The business in pastries and small candy animals that Santa Sofía de la Piedad had kept up because of úrsula's wishes was considered an unworthy activity by Fernanda and she lost no time in putting a stop to it. The doors of the house, wide open from dawn until bedtime, were closed during siesta time under the pretext that the sun heated up the bedrooms and in the end they were closed for good. The aloe branch and loaf of bread that hadbeen hanging over the door since the days of the founding were replaced by a niche with the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Colonel Aureli-ano, Buendía became aware somehow of those changes and foresaw their consequences. "We're becoming people of quality," he protested. "At this rate we'll end up fighting against the Conservative regime again, but this time to install a king in its place." Fernanda very tactfully tried not to cross his path. Within herself she was bothered by his independent spirit his resistance to all kinds of social rigidity. She was exasperated by his mugs of coffee at five in the morning, the disorder of his workshop, his frayed blanket, and his custom of sitting in the street door at dusk. But she had to tolerate that one loose piece in the family machinery because she was sure that the old colonel was an animal who had been tamed by the years and by disappointment and who, in a burst of senile rebellion, was quite capable of uprooting the foundations of the house. When her husband decided togive their first son the name of his great-grandfather, she did not dare oppose him because she had been there only a year. But when the first daughter was bom she expressed her unreserved determination to name her Renata after her mother. úrsula had decided to call her Remedios. After a tense argument, in which Aureli-ano Segun-do acted as the laughing go-between, they baptized her with the name Renata Remedios, but Fernanda went on calling her just Renata while her husband's family and everyone in town called her Meme, a diminutive of Remedios.
At first Fernanda did not talk about her family, but in time she began to idealize her father. She spoke of him at the table as an exceptional being who had renounced all forms of vanity and was on his way to becoming a saint. Aureli-ano Segun-do, startled at that unbridled glorification of his father-in-law, could not resist the temptation to make small jokes behind his wife's back. The rest of the family followed his example. Even úrsula, who was extremely careful to preserve family harmony and who suffered in secret from the domestic friction, once allowed herself the liberty of saying that her little great-great-grandson had his pontifical future assured because he was "the grandson of a saint and the son of a queen and a rustler." In spite of that conspiracy of smiles, the children became accustomed to think of their grandfather as a legendary being who wrote them pious verses in his letters and every Christmas sent them a box of gifts that barely fitted through the outside door. Actually they were thelast remains of his lordly inheritance. They used them to build an altar of life-size saints in the children's bedroom, saints with glass eyes that gave them a disquietingly lifelike look, whose artistically embroidered clothing was better than that worn by any inhabitant of Macon-do. Little by little the funereal splendor of the ancient and icy mansion was being transformed into the splendor of the House of Buendía. "They've already sent us the whole family cemetery," Aureli-ano Segun-do commented one day. "All we need now are the weeping willows and the tombstones." Although nothing ever arrived in the boxes that the children could play with, they would spend all year waiting for December because, after all, the antique and always unpredictable gifts were something, new in the house. On the tenth Christmas, when little José Arcadio was getting ready to go to the seminary, the enormous box from their grandfather arrived earlier than usual, nailed tight and protected with pitch, and addressed in the usual Gothic letters to the Very Distinguished Lady Do?a Fernanda del Carpio de Buendía. While she read the letter in her room the children hastened to open the box. Aided as was customary by Aureli-ano Segun-do, they broke the seals, opened the cover, took out the protective sawdust, and found inside a long lead chest closed by copper bolts. Aureli-ano Segun-do took out the eight bolts as the children watched impatiently, and he barely had time to give a cry and push the children aside when be raised the lead cover and saw Don Fernando, dressed in black and with a crucifix on his chest, his skin broken out in pestilential sores and cooking slowly in a frothy stew with bubbles like live pearls.
A short time after the birth of their daughter, the unexpected jubilee for Colonel Aureli-ano, Buendía, ordered by the government to celebrate another anniversary of the Treaty of Neerlandia, was announced. It was a decision so out of line with official policy that the colonel spoke out violently against it and rejected the homage. "It's the first time I've ever heard of the word 'jubilee,' " he said. "But whatever it means, it has to be a trick." The small goldsmith shop was filled with emissaries. Much older and more solemn, the lawyers in dark suits who in other days had flapped about the colonel like crows had returned. When he saw them appear the same as the other time, when they came to put a stop to the war, he could not bear the cynicism of their praise. He ordered them to leave him in peace, insisting that he was not a hero of the nation as they said but an artisan without memories whose only dream was to die of fatigue in the oblivion and misery of his little gold fishes. What made him most indignant was the word that the president of the republic himself planned to be present at the ceremonies in Macon-do in order to decorate him with the Order of Merit. Colonel Aureli-ano, Buendía had him told, word for word, that he was eagerly awaiting that tardy but deserved occasion in order to take a shot at him, not as payment for the arbitrary acts and anachronisms of his regime, but for his lack of respect for an old man who had not done anyone any harm. Such was the vehemence with which he made the threat that the president of the republic canceled his trip at the last moment and sent the decoration with a personal representative. Colonel Geri-neldo Márquez, besieged by pressures of all kinds, left his bed of a paralytic in order to persuade his former companion in arms. When the latter saw the rocking chair carried by four men appear and saw the friend who had shared his victories and defeats since youth sitting in it among some large pillows, he did not have a single doubt but that he was making that effort in order to express his solidarity. But when he discovered the real motive for his visit he had them take him out of the workshop.
"Now I'm convinced too late," he told him, "that I would have done you a great favor if I'd let them shoot you."
So the jubilee was celebrated without the attendance of any members of the family. Chance had it that it also coincided with carnival week, but no one could get the stubborn idea out of Colonel Aureli-ano Buendía's head that the coincidence had been foreseen by the government in order to heighten the cruelty of the mockery. From his lonely workshop he could hear the martial music, the artillery salutes, the tolling of the Te Deum, and a few phrases of the speeches delivered in front of the house as they named the street after him. His eyes grew moist with indignation, with angry impotence, and for the first time since his defeat it pained him not to have the strength of youth so that he could begin a bloody war that would wipe out the last vestiges of the Conservative regime. The echoes of the homage had not died down when úrsula knocked at the workshop door.

從那一天起，她倆彼此就不說話了。如果有什麼非談不可，兩人就寫字條，或者通過中間人。菲蘭達不顧丈夫的家庭對她顯然的敵視，仍想讓布恩蒂亞一家人接受她的祖先那些高尚的鳳習。這家人本來有個習慣，無論誰餓了，就到廚房裏去吃飯，菲蘭達卻讓大家結束這個習慣，按照嚴格規定的時間在飯廳裏的大桌上用餐；
桌子鋪上雪白的桌布，擺上枝形燭臺和銀質餐具。烏蘇娜一直認爲，吃飯是日常生活中一件最簡單的事兒，現在竟變成了隆重的儀式，出現了難以忍受的緊張空氣，甚至沉默寡言的霍。阿卡蒂奧第二首先起來反對。然而，新的秩序取得了勝利，就象另一個新辦法——晚飯之前必須祈禱——一樣；這些都引起了左鄰右舍的注意，很快就在傳說，布恩蒂亞一家人不象其他凡人那樣坐在桌邊吃飯，而把進餐變成了一種祈禱儀式。烏蘇娜靈機一動產生的、並非傳統的迷信，甚至也跟菲蘭達從父母那兒繼承下來的迷信發生了矛盾——在任何情況下，這種迷信都是永遠不變的、硬性規定的。烏蘇娜跡能充分運用自己的五種感覺時，一切舊的習慣仍然如昔，家庭生活仍舊受到她的決定性影響：但她也喪失了視覺，過高的年歲使她不得不擺脫家庭事務的時候，菲蘭達來到了這兒，在這房子周圍豎立了森嚴的壁壘，那就只有她能決定家庭的命運了。按照鳥蘇娜的願望，聖索菲婭·德拉佩德是在繼續經營糖果點心和糖動物生意的，菲蘭達卻認爲這是一種不體面的事情，毫不遲疑就把它結束了。往常從早到晚敞開的房門，藉口太陽曬得臥空太熱，首先在個休時關上了，最後就永遠關上了。馬孔多村建立時掛在門媚上的一束蘆薈和稻穗，換成了一個壁龕，裏面供本着耶穌的心臟。奧雷連諾上校看見這些變化，就預見到了它們的後果。“咱們正在變成貴族，”他斷定說。“這樣，咱們又要對保守黨政府發動戰爭啦，但這一次只是用一個國王來代替它。”菲蘭達很有分寸地竭力避免跟他發生衝突。他保持獨立自主的精神，他反對她那些死板的規矩，當然使她心中惱火。由於他每天清晨五點的一杯咖啡，由於作坊裏一團雜亂，由於他那磨出窟窿的斗篷，由於他每天傍晚坐在臨街門前的習慣，她簡直氣極了。可是，菲蘭達不得不容忍家庭機器上這個鬆了的零件，因爲她心裏明白，老上校是一隻被年歲和絕望制服了的野獸，一旦獸性發作，完全能夠徹底摧毀房屋的根基。她的丈夫希望他倆的頭生子取曾祖父的名字時，她還不敢反對，因爲她那時在這個家庭裏才生活了一年。但是，他倆的第一個女兒出世時，菲蘭達就直截了當他說要把女兒取名叫雷納塔，藉以紀念自己的母親。烏蘇娜卻決定把這小女兒叫做雷麥黛絲。在激烈的爭辯中，奧雷連諾第二扮演了一個滑稽可笑的中間人，最後才把女兒叫做雷納塔·雷麥黛絲。可是母親叫她雷納塔，其餘的人則叫她梅梅——雷麥黛絲的愛稱。
最初，菲蘭達緘口不提自己的父母，但她後來開始塑造了父親的理想化的形象，在飯廳裏，她不時談到他，把池描繪成獨特的人物，說他放棄了塵世的虛榮，正在逐漸變成一個聖徒。奧雷連諾第二聽到妻子無限美化他的岳父，耐不住在她背後來個小動作，開開玩笑。其餘的人也仿效他的樣子。即使烏蘇娜熱心維護家庭的和睦，對家庭糾葛暗中感到痛苦，但她有一次也說她的玄孫會當上教皇，因爲他是“聖徒的外孫，女玉和竊賊的兒子。”儘管大家詭橘地譏笑，奧雷連諾第二的孩子們仍然慣於把他們的外祖父想象成一個傳奇式的人物，他常在給他們的信裏寫上幾句虜誠的詩，而且每逢聖誕節都給他們捎來一箱禮品，箱子挺大，勉強才能搬進房門。其實，唐。 菲蘭達怯給外孫們的是他的家產中最後剩下的東西。在孩子們的臥室裏，用這些東西塔了一個聖壇，聖壇上有等身聖像，玻璃眼睛使得這些聖像栩栩如生，有點嚇人，而聖像身上繡得十分精雅的衣服比馬孔多任何居民的衣服都好。古老、陰森的宮邱中陪葬品似的堂皇設備，逐漸移到了布恩蒂亞家敞亮的房子裏。“他們把整個家族墓地都送給咱們啦，”奧雷連諾第二有一回說。：“缺少的只是垂柳和墓碑。”儘管外祖父的箱子裏從來沒有什麼可以玩耍的東西，孩子們卻整年都在急切地等待十二月的來臨，因爲那些經常料想不到的老古董畢竟豐富了他們的生活。在第十個聖誕節，年輕的霍。阿卡蒂奧正準備去進神學院的時候，外祖父的一口大箱子就比往常更早地到達了；這口箱子釘得很牢，接縫的地方抹上了防潮樹脂；哥特字寫的收件人姓名是菲蘭達·德卡皮奧太太。菲蘭達在臥室裏讀信的時候，孩子們慌忙打開箱了。協助他們的照例是奧雷連諾第二。他們颳去樹脂。拔掉釘子，取掉一層防護的鋸屑，發現了一隻用銅螺釘旋緊的長箱子，旋掉了全部六顆螺釘、奧雷連諾第二驚叫一聲，幾乎來不及把孩子們推開，因爲在揭開的鉛蓋下面，他看見了唐·菲蘭達。唐·菲蘭達身穿黑色衣服，胸前有一個那穌蒙難像，他燜在滾冒泡的蛆水裏，皮膚咋嚓嚓地裂開，發出一股惡臭。
雷納塔出生之後不久，因爲尼蘭德停戰協定的又一個週年紀念，政府突然命令爲奧雷連諾上校舉行慶祝會。這樣的決定跟政府的政策是不一致的，上校毫不猶豫地反對它，拒絕參加慶祝儀式。“我第一次聽到‘慶祝’這個詞兒，”他說。“但不管它的含義如何，這顯然是個騙局。”狹窄的首飾作坊裏擠滿了各式各樣的使者。以前象鳥鴉一樣在上校周圍打轉的那些律師又來了，他們穿着黑色禮服，比以前老得多、莊嚴得多。上校見到他們，就想起他們爲了結束戰爭而來找他的那個時候，簡直無法忍受他們那種無恥的吹棒。他要他們別打擾他，說他不是他們所謂的民族英雄，而是一個失去記憶的普通手藝人，他唯一希望的是被人忘卻，窮困度日，在自己的金魚中間勞累至死。最使他氣憤的是這麼一個消息：共和國總統準備親臨馬孔多的慶祝會，想要授予他榮譽勳章。奧雷連諾上校叫人一字不差地轉告總統：他正在急切地等待這種姍姍來遲的機會，好把一粒子彈射進總統的腦門——這不是爲了懲罰政府的專橫暴戾，而是爲了懲罰他不尊重一個無害於人的老頭兒。他的恐嚇是那麼厲害，以致共和國總統在最後一分鐘取消了旅行，派私人代表給他送來了勳章。格林列爾多·馬克斯上校在備種壓力的包圍下，離開了他的病榻，希望說服老戰友。奧雷連諾上校看見四人擡着的搖椅和坐在搖椅大墊子上的老朋友時，他一分鐘也沒懷疑，青年時代就跟他共嘗勝敗苦樂的格林列爾多·馬克斯上校克服了自己的疾病，唯一的目的就是支持他作出的決定。但他知道了來訪的真實原因之後，就叫來人把搖椅和格林列爾鄉·馬克斯上校一起擡出作坊。
“現在我認識得太遲了，”他向格林列爾多·馬克斯說。“當初如果我讓他們槍斃了你，就是爲你做了一件天大的好事。”
就這樣，慶祝會舉行的時候，布恩蒂亞家沒有任何人蔘加。慶祝會和狂歡節相遇是十分偶然的，可是誰也無法排除奧雷連諾上校腦海裏的執拗想法，他認爲這種巧合也是政府的預謀，目的是加重對他的奚落。在僻靜的作坊裏，他聽到了軍樂聲、禮炮聲和鐘聲，也聽到了房子前面片斷的演說聲，因爲人家正以他的名字給街道命名，面發表一通演說。奧雷連諾上校氣得沒有辦法，眼裏噙滿了淚水，自從失敗以來，他第一次感到遺憾的是，他已沒有青年時代的勇氣，去發動流血的戰爭，消滅保守制度最後的遺蹟。慶祝的喧鬧還沒停息，烏蘇娜就來敲作坊的門。